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Gross Anatomy 6511 > Neck > Flashcards

Neck Flashcards

1
Q

C2

A

Greater Occipital N Inferior and lat. to EOP. Penetrates semispinalis capitis. inn:

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2
Q

Occipital A and V location

A

lateral to C2

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3
Q

C3

A

Least/lesser occipital n Lower and just lateral to midline

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4
Q

Muscles of occipital triangle

A

Obliquus capitis superior Obliquus capitits inferior Rectus capitis posterior major

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5
Q

Muscles of occipital triangle region

A

Obliquus capitis superior Obliquus capitits inferior Rectus capitis posterior major Rectus capitis posterior minor

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6
Q

Obliquus capitis superior attachments

A

Inf. Nuchal line and TP C1

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7
Q

Obliquus capitis inferior attachments

A

TP C1 and SP C2

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8
Q

Rectus capitis post. major attachments

A

SP C2 and inferior nuchal line

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9
Q

Rectus capitis post. minor attachments

A

SP C1 and inf. nuchal line

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10
Q

What innvervates muscles of Subocc. Triangle?

A

C1-suboccipital triangle

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11
Q

What can be found in subocc triangle?

A

Vertebral artery

C1 suboccipital n

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12
Q

Boundaries of suboccipital triangle

A

Superomedially: rectus capitis posterior major

Superlaterally: obliquus capitis superior

Inferolaterally: obliquus capitis inferior

Floor: Posterior atlanto-occipital membrane and post. arch of C1

Roof: Semispinalis capitis

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13
Q

Suboccipital N OCD

A

Origin: P. rami of spinal nerve C1 Course: B/w cranium and C1 vert to subocc triangle Distribution: mm of suboccipital triangle

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14
Q

Greater Occ N OCD

A

Origin: P. rami of spinal nerve C2 Course: Emerges inf. to obliquus capitis inf. and ascends to post. scalp Distribution: skin over neck and occipital bone

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15
Q

Lesser occ N OCD

A

Origin: A. rami of spinal nerve C2-C3 Course: Passes directly into skin Distribution: Skin of superior posterolateral neck and scalp post. to external ear

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16
Q

Posterior rami of C3-C7 OCD

A

Origin: P. rami of nerves C3-C7 Course: Pass segmentally to muscles and skin Distribution: intrinsic muscles of back and overlying skin (adjacent to vertebral column)

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17
Q

Muscles producing flexion of neck

A

Bilateral action of:

  • Longus colli
  • Scalene
  • Sternocleidomastoid
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18
Q

Structures limiting flexion of neck

A

Ligaments: Posterior atlanto-axial, posterior longitudinal, flavum, tectorial membrane

Posterior neck muscles

Anulus fibrosus (tension posteriorly

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19
Q

Muscles producing extension of the neck

A

Bilateral action of deep neck muscles:

  • Trapezius and levator scapulae
  • Splenius capitis and cervicis
  • Semispinalis capitis and cervicis
  • Iliocostalis cervicis
  • Longissimus capitis
  • Multifidus
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20
Q

Structures limiting extension of neck

A

Ligaments: anterior longitudinal, anterior atlanto axial

Anterior neck muscles

Anulus fibrosus (tension anteriorly)

Spinous process (contact between adjacent)

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21
Q

Muscles producing lateral bending of neck

A

Unilateral

  • Scalenes
  • Splenius capitis and cervicis
  • Longissimus capitis and cervicis
  • Iliocostalis cervicis
  • Intertransversarii
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22
Q

Structures limiting lateral bending of neck

A

Ligaments: alar ligament tension limits movement to contralateral side

Anulus fibrosus (tension anteriorly)

Zygapophysial joints

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23
Q

Muscles producing rotation of neck

A

Ipsilateral action of:

  • Semispinalis capitis and cervicis
  • Multifidus
  • Splenius cervicis
  • Rotatores

Contralateral action of:

  • Sternocleidomastoid
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24
Q

Structures limiting rotation of neck

A

Ligaments: alar ligament tension limits movement to ipsilateral side

Anulus fibrosus

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25
Q

Muscles producing flexion of vertebral column at IV joints

A

Bilateral action of:

  • Rectus abdominis
  • Psoas major
  • (Gravity)
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26
Q

Structures limiting flexion of VC at IV joints

A

Ligaments:

  • Supraspinous
  • Interspinous
  • Flavum

Capsules of zygapophysial joint

Extensor mm

Vertebral bodies

IV disc

Anulus fibrosus

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27
Q

Muscles producing extension of vertebral column at IV joints

A

Bilateral action of:

  • Erector spinae
  • Multifidus
  • Semispinalis thoracis
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28
Q

Structures limiting extension of VC at IV joints

A

Lig: Anterior longitudinal

Capsules of zygapophysial joint

Abdominal mm

SP

IV disc

Anulus fibrosis

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29
Q

Muscles producing lateral bending of vertebral column at IV joints

A

Unilateral action of:

  • Iliocostalis thoracis and lumborum
  • Longissimus thoracis
  • Multifidus
  • External and internal oblique
  • Quadratus lumborum
  • Rhomboids
  • Serratus anterior
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30
Q

Structures limiting lateral bending of VC at IV joints

A

Lig: Contralateral side

Contralateral mm that laterally bend trunk

Contact b/w iliac crest and thorax

IV disc

Anulus fibrosus

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31
Q

Muscles producing rotation of vertebral column at IV joints

A

Unilateral action of:

  • Rotatores
  • Multifidus
  • Iliocostalis
  • Longissimus
  • Splenius thoracis
  • External oblique working with opposite internal oblique
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32
Q

Structures limiting rotation of VC at IV joints

A

Ligaments: Costovertebral

Ipsilateral external oblique and contralateral internal oblique

Articular facets

Anulus fibrosus

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33
Q

Muscles producing flexion at atlanto-occipital joints

A

Longus capitis

Rectus capitis anterior

Ant. fibers of sternocleidomastoid

Suprahyoid and infrahyoid mm

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34
Q

Muscles producing extension of atlanto-occipital joints

A

Rectus capitis posterior major and minor

Obliquus capitis superior

Splenius capitis

Longissimus capitis

Trapezius

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35
Q

Muscles producing lateral bending of atlanto-occipital joints

A

Sternocleidomastoid

Rectus capitis lateralis

Longissimus capitis

Splenius capitis

36
Q

Superficial intrinsic back muscles

A

Splenius

37
Q

Intermediate intrinsic back muscles

A

Erector Spinae:

  • Iliocostalis
  • Longissimus
  • Spinalis
38
Q

Major deep intrinsic back muscles

A

Transversospinales:

  • Semispinalis
  • Multifidus
  • Rotatores (Longus and Brevis)
39
Q

Minor deep intrinsic back muscles

A

Intertransversarii

Interspinales

Levatores costorum

40
Q

Subcutaneous tissue (superficial cervical fascia) of the neck contains?

A
  • Cutaneous nn
  • Blood and lymph vessels
  • Superficial lymph nodes
  • Fat
  • Platysma
41
Q

Investing layer of deep cervical fascia contains?

A

Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

42
Q

Investing layer of deep cervical fascia is continous with

A

periosteum

43
Q

Investing layer of deep cervical fascia boundaries

A

Superiorly:

  • Superior nuchal line
  • Mastoid P
  • Zygomatic arches
  • inferior border of mandible
  • Hyoid
  • SP of cervical V

Inferiorly:

  • Manubrium
  • clavicle
  • Acromion
  • Spine of scapula

Anterior and posterior

44
Q

Pretracheal layer boundaries

A

Only anterior from hyoid to thorax

45
Q

Pretracheal fascia sublayers

A

Muscular and Visceral

46
Q

Muscular part of pretracheal fascia contains

A

Infrahyoid mm

47
Q

Visceral part of pretracheal fascia contains

A

Thyroid

Trachea and esophagus

48
Q

Visceral part of pretracheal fascia continous with

A

Buccopharyngeal fascia and carotid sheath

49
Q

Carotid sheath contains

A
  • Common and internal carotid a
  • IJV
  • Vagus N (CN X)
  • Deep cervical lymph nodes
  • Carotid sinus N
  • Symp nerve fibers (carotid perarterial plexuses)
50
Q

Carotid sheath communicates with

A

mediastinum and cranial cavity

(potential for infection spread)

51
Q

Prevertebral layer of deep cervical fascia contains

A

Ant: Longus colli and longus capitis

Laterally: scalenes

Post: deep cervical mm

52
Q

Prevertebral layer extends from

A

Cranial base to T3

Then fuses with ant. longitudinal ligament

53
Q

Prevertebral layer extends laterally as

A

axillary sheath

54
Q

What does axillary sheath surround

A

axillary vessels and brachial plexus

55
Q

What is retropharyngeal space?

A

Potential space between buccopharyngeal space and prevertebral fascia (alar fascia)

From cranium to T4

Spread of infection

56
Q

What is alar fascia

A

Extension of prevertebral fascia anteriorly

From cranium to T2 (book may say C7)

57
Q

What are the cervical regions

A
  1. SCM region
  2. Posterior cervical
  3. Lateral cervical
  4. Anterior cervical
58
Q

Space b/w heads of SCM is called the

A

lesser supraclavicular fossa

59
Q

Where is the posterior cervical region?

A

Posterior to anterior border of trapezius

60
Q

What is spasmodic torticollis

A

abnormal tonicity of cervical mm ususally in adulthood

*Think collis=neck

61
Q

Boundaries of lateral cervical region

A

Ant: Post border SCM

Post: Ant border trapezius

Inf: Middle 1/3 of clavicle b/w SCM and trap

Superior: Investing layer of fascia

Floor: muscles coverd by prevertebral f

Apex: SCM and trap meet on sup. nuchal line

62
Q

Muscles spanning lateral cervical region

A
  1. Splenius capitis
  2. Levator scapulae
  3. Middle scalene
  4. Post scalene
63
Q

Divisions of lateral cervical region

A

Occipital triangle

omoclavicular (subclavian) triangle

64
Q

Occipital triangle contains

A

Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)

65
Q

Omoclavicular triangle superior boundary

A

inferior belly of omohyoid m

66
Q

Omoclavicular triangle contains

A

Inferior part of EJV (superficially)

Subclavian A (deep)

67
Q

How can omoclavicular triangle can be located on surface

A

Supraclavicular fossa

68
Q

Nerves found in lateral cervical region

A

CN XI

Roots of brachial plexus

Suprascapular n

Cervical plexus

Phrenic N

69
Q

Spinal accessory (CN XI) path

A

Deep to SCM

Runs w/in or deep to investing layer

Runs on levator scapulae

70
Q

Roots of brachial plexus rami?

A

Ant rami C5-C8 and T1

71
Q

Roots of brachial plexus path

A

Appear b/w ant and middle scalene

Five rami unite to form 3 trunks

Pass b/w 1st rib and clavicle and sup border of scapula to axilla

72
Q

Suprascapular n path and innervation

A

From superior trunk of brachial plexus

Runs across lateral cervical region to supply supraspinatus and infraspinatus

Also glenohumeral joint

73
Q

Cervical plexus rami

A

Ant rami C1-C4

74
Q

Cervical plexus location

A

Anteromedially to levator scapulae and middle scalene m

Deep to SCM

75
Q

Cervical plexus superficial cutaneous branches

A

Ant rami

Lesser occipital N (C2)

Great auricular N (C2+C3)

Transverse cervical N (C2+C3)

Supraclavicular (C3+C4)

76
Q

Lesser occipital N level and innervation

A

C2 ant rami

skin of neck and scalp posterosuperior to auricle

77
Q

Great Auricular N level and innervation

A

C2+C3 Ant rami

Skin over parotid gland, posterior auricle, and skin from angle of mandible to mastoid P

78
Q

Transverse cervical N level and innervation

A

C2-C3 ant rami

Skin over ant cervical region

79
Q

Transverse cervical N path

A

Curves around middle of SCM posteriorly

Passes anterior to SCM and deep to EJV and platysma

80
Q

Supraclavicular nn level and innervation

A

Ant rami C3 + C4

Skin of neck and skin of shoulder

*Forms common trunk under SCM

81
Q

Deep motor nn of Cervical plexus

A

Ant. rami

Dorsal scapular n (C4-C5)

Long thoracic N (C5-C7)

Phrenic N (C4)

82
Q

Dorsal scapular n level and innervation

A

C4-C5 ant rami

Rhomboids

83
Q

Long thoracic N level and innervation

A

C5-C7 ant rami

Serratus ant.

84
Q

Phrenic n level and innervation

A

Ant rami C4 but C3 and C5 do contribute as well

Diaphragm and mediastinal pleura and pericardium

85
Q

Phrenic n pathway

A

Forms at superior border of thyroid cart level at sup part of lateral border of ant scalene

Descends across ant scalene; deep to prevertebral level

Left: Ant to first part of subclavian a

Right: Ant 2nd part of subclavian a

Both: post to subclavian v and ant. to internal thoracic a

Gross Anatomy 6511 (2 decks)

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