necessary chemical terminology Flashcards
Acetal
organic compound with two separate O atoms single bonded to a central C atom (R-C(OR’)2)
Acetylene
(C2H2, the simplest alkyne)
Acroleins
(C3H4O, the simplest unsaturated aldehyde)
Acyl group
R-C=O, formed by the removal of hydroxyl groups from a oxoacid (acid containing O)
Acylperoxy Radicals
R-CO3 a.k.a R-C(O)OO, a.k.a. acetyl peroxy radical
Acyl peroxy nitrates
see Peroxyacyl nitrates
Alcohols
(R-OH, organic compounds with the hydroxyl functional group)
Aldehydes
(R-CHO, organic compounds with the aldehyde functional group)
Aldol or Aldol Adduct
a hydroxy ketone or hydroxy aldehyde (e.g. R-C(OH)-R’-C(O)-R’’)
Alkenal radical
R=R*
Alkoxy Radicals
(RO*)
Alkyl Radicals
(R*)
Alkylperoxy Radicals
(RO2*)
Alkynal radicals
R(triple bond)R*
Allylic carbon
a C that is bonded to a C that is in turn double-bonded to a C (-C-C=C)
Amides
a strange fuctional groump with an O and an N (R-OnN-R’. May have multiple Os.)
Amines
(compounds/functional groups with basic N atom)
Ammonia
(NH3)
Ammonium
(NH4+)
Aromatics
(cyclic planar molecules with low reactivity)
Aryls
(functional group derived from aromatic rings)
Aryl Radical
a radical made up of an aromatic ring
Carbonyls
(R=O, includes aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, carboxylate esters, and amides)
Carboxyls
RC(O)OH
Carboxylic acid
(R-C(=O)H, organic compounds with carboxyl functional group)
Cresols
(methyl phenols)
Criegee Radicals
(R-C=O-O, a carbonyl oxide with 2 charge centers)
Dialdehydes
organic molecule with two aldehyde groups
Dienes or Diolefins
hydrocarbons with two (usually internal) double bonds
Denitrification
(the reduction of nitrate (NO3- to any gaseous N species (mostly N2, N2O, NO2))
Epoxide
(cyclic ether with a 3-atom ring)
Ester
(R-C(=O)O-R’, derived from acids which replace one -OH group with an -O-)
Ether
(R-O-R’)
E-Z Isomers
Z ~ cis, E ~ trans, but for non-identical atoms, priority determined by atomic number, others…
Fragmentation
(the oxidative cleavage of C-C bonds)
Functionality
(the presence o functional groups in a molecule)
Functionalization
(the oxidative addition of polar functional groups to a carbon skeleton)
Glyoxal
(CHOCHO)
Haloalkanes
(compounds derived from alkanes that contain one or more halogens)
Hemiacetal
what you get when you combine an alcohol with an aldehyde (hemiketal if with a ketone)
Hydrogen Oxides
(HOx = HO2 + OH)
Hydrogen Shift
the migration of a H between atoms in a molecule; x,y-H shift = migration from atom x to y
Hydroperoxides
(R-OOH)
Hydroxy group
a.k.a. hydroxyl group (R-OH)
Hydroxyalkyl Radical
(R-C*OH, a hydroxy (-OH) derivative of an alkoxy radical)
Hydroxyl Radical
(OH*)
IEPOX
isoprene-epoxydiol, major pathway from isoprene to isoprene-derived SOA formation (~ 95%!)
Inorganic Nitrates
NO, NO2, NO3, N2O5, HONO, HNO3, NH3, …
Isomerization
(a rearrangement of the atomic structure of a molecule)
Ketones
(R-C(=O)-R)
Methanol
(CH3OH)
Nitrate (aerosol)
NO3-
Nitrate (functional group)
-ONO2
Nitric Acid
(HNO3)
Nitrification
(the oxidation of fixed N to nitrites (NO2-) or nitrates (NO3-))
Nitriles
(R-C(triple bond)N)
Nitrite
(NO2-)
Nitrogen Fixation
(any process that transforms N(triple bond)N into any other N compound)
Nitrogen Oxides
(NOx = NO + NO2)
NOx
= Nitrogen Oxides
NOy
= NOx and all its reservoir species (NOx + HNO3, PAN, HONO, NO3, N2O5, RNO3, pNO3-, …)
NOz
= NOy - NOx
Odd Oxygen (Ox)
a chemical family that includes O3 and the minor species with which it cycles: O3 + O(3P) + O(1D) + 2NO2 + 2NO3 + 3N2O5 + HNO3 + HNO4 + PANs (prefixes indicate multiple O3 formed per molecule) (Bates et al. 2019 proposes expanding this to include include O2 and H2O impacts)
Oligomerization
(the association of two organic molecules)
Organic Acids
(any organic compound with acidic properties, phenols, alcohols, acids, …)
Organic Nitrates
(RONO2, sometimes sum of organic and peroxy nitrates (RONO2 + RO2NO2))
Organic Peroxides
(R-OO-R or R-OOH)
Oxidation
(the loss of electrons / an increase in the oxidation state)
Oxy
a functional group made up of an O (usually radical)
Ozonolysis
cleavage/scission of unsaturated bond by O3
Peroxyacyl nitrates
a.k.a. acyl peroxy nitrates, APNs, PANs (RCH3NO5 or RC(=O)OONO2)
Peracids
(acid-OOH, a.k.a. Peroxy Acid)
Peroxides
(R-OO-R’)
Peroxy group
-OO-
Peroxy Nitrates
(RO2NO2)
Peroxyacyl nitrates
PANs, e.g., R-C(O)OONO2
Phenol
(aromatic-OH, hydroxy group (-OH) attached to an aromatic hydrocarbon)
Phenoxy
a phenol with an O bonded, usually a radical
Pinenes
(bicyclic monoterpenes)
Reactive Nitrogen
(NOy = NOz + NOx)
Scission
(a.k.a. bond cleavage, the splitting of chemical bonds)
Steroisomers
molecules with the same structure but different shapes, distinguished usually via ?,?,?,?,…
Sulfate
(SO4-2)
Sulfide
(S2-) e.g. H2S
Sulfuric Acid
(H2SO4)
Terpenes
(organic compounds made up of linked isoprenes (monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, etc.)
Thioles
(heterocyclic compound C4H4S)
Titration
the removal of a species by a (usually slow) addition of another species, e.g. O3 or OH titration
Toluene
(benzene-CH3)
Xylenes
(dimethylbenzenes)
Alkyl nitrites
R-ONO
