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atm chem > necessary chemical terminology > Flashcards

necessary chemical terminology Flashcards

1
Q

Acetal

A

organic compound with two separate O atoms single bonded to a central C atom (R-C(OR’)2)

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2
Q

Acetylene

A

(C2H2, the simplest alkyne)

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3
Q

Acroleins

A

(C3H4O, the simplest unsaturated aldehyde)

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4
Q

Acyl group

A

R-C=O, formed by the removal of hydroxyl groups from a oxoacid (acid containing O)

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5
Q

Acylperoxy Radicals

A

R-CO3 a.k.a R-C(O)OO, a.k.a. acetyl peroxy radical

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6
Q

Acyl peroxy nitrates

A

see Peroxyacyl nitrates

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7
Q

Alcohols

A

(R-OH, organic compounds with the hydroxyl functional group)

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8
Q

Aldehydes

A

(R-CHO, organic compounds with the aldehyde functional group)

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9
Q

Aldol or Aldol Adduct

A

a hydroxy ketone or hydroxy aldehyde (e.g. R-C(OH)-R’-C(O)-R’’)

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10
Q

Alkenal radical

A

R=R*

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11
Q

Alkoxy Radicals

A

(RO*)

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12
Q

Alkyl Radicals

A

(R*)

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13
Q

Alkylperoxy Radicals

A

(RO2*)

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14
Q

Alkynal radicals

A

R(triple bond)R*

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15
Q

Allylic carbon

A

a C that is bonded to a C that is in turn double-bonded to a C (-C-C=C)

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16
Q

Amides

A

a strange fuctional groump with an O and an N (R-OnN-R’. May have multiple Os.)

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17
Q

Amines

A

(compounds/functional groups with basic N atom)

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18
Q

Ammonia

A

(NH3)

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19
Q

Ammonium

A

(NH4+)

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20
Q

Aromatics

A

(cyclic planar molecules with low reactivity)

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21
Q

Aryls

A

(functional group derived from aromatic rings)

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22
Q

Aryl Radical

A

a radical made up of an aromatic ring

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23
Q

Carbonyls

A

(R=O, includes aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, carboxylate esters, and amides)

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24
Q

Carboxyls

A

RC(O)OH

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25
Q

Carboxylic acid

A

(R-C(=O)H, organic compounds with carboxyl functional group)

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26
Q

Cresols

A

(methyl phenols)

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27
Q

Criegee Radicals

A

(R-C=O-O, a carbonyl oxide with 2 charge centers)

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28
Q

Dialdehydes

A

organic molecule with two aldehyde groups

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29
Q

Dienes or Diolefins

A

hydrocarbons with two (usually internal) double bonds

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30
Q

Denitrification

A

(the reduction of nitrate (NO3- to any gaseous N species (mostly N2, N2O, NO2))

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31
Q

Epoxide

A

(cyclic ether with a 3-atom ring)

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32
Q

Ester

A

(R-C(=O)O-R’, derived from acids which replace one -OH group with an -O-)

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33
Q

Ether

A

(R-O-R’)

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34
Q

E-Z Isomers

A

Z ~ cis, E ~ trans, but for non-identical atoms, priority determined by atomic number, others…

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35
Q

Fragmentation

A

(the oxidative cleavage of C-C bonds)

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36
Q

Functionality

A

(the presence o functional groups in a molecule)

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37
Q

Functionalization

A

(the oxidative addition of polar functional groups to a carbon skeleton)

38
Q

Glyoxal

A

(CHOCHO)

39
Q

Haloalkanes

A

(compounds derived from alkanes that contain one or more halogens)

40
Q

Hemiacetal

A

what you get when you combine an alcohol with an aldehyde (hemiketal if with a ketone)

41
Q

Hydrogen Oxides

A

(HOx = HO2 + OH)

42
Q

Hydrogen Shift

A

the migration of a H between atoms in a molecule; x,y-H shift = migration from atom x to y

43
Q

Hydroperoxides

A

(R-OOH)

44
Q

Hydroxy group

A

a.k.a. hydroxyl group (R-OH)

45
Q

Hydroxyalkyl Radical

A

(R-C*OH, a hydroxy (-OH) derivative of an alkoxy radical)

46
Q

Hydroxyl Radical

A

(OH*)

47
Q

IEPOX

A

isoprene-epoxydiol, major pathway from isoprene to isoprene-derived SOA formation (~ 95%!)

48
Q

Inorganic Nitrates

A

NO, NO2, NO3, N2O5, HONO, HNO3, NH3, …

49
Q

Isomerization

A

(a rearrangement of the atomic structure of a molecule)

50
Q

Ketones

A

(R-C(=O)-R)

51
Q

Methanol

A

(CH3OH)

52
Q

Nitrate (aerosol)

A

NO3-

53
Q

Nitrate (functional group)

A

-ONO2

54
Q

Nitric Acid

A

(HNO3)

55
Q

Nitrification

A

(the oxidation of fixed N to nitrites (NO2-) or nitrates (NO3-))

56
Q

Nitriles

A

(R-C(triple bond)N)

57
Q

Nitrite

A

(NO2-)

58
Q

Nitrogen Fixation

A

(any process that transforms N(triple bond)N into any other N compound)

59
Q

Nitrogen Oxides

A

(NOx = NO + NO2)

60
Q

NOx

A

= Nitrogen Oxides

61
Q

NOy

A

= NOx and all its reservoir species (NOx + HNO3, PAN, HONO, NO3, N2O5, RNO3, pNO3-, …)

62
Q

NOz

A

= NOy - NOx

63
Q

Odd Oxygen (Ox)

A

a chemical family that includes O3 and the minor species with which it cycles: O3 + O(3P) + O(1D) + 2NO2 + 2NO3 + 3N2O5 + HNO3 + HNO4 + PANs (prefixes indicate multiple O3 formed per molecule) (Bates et al. 2019 proposes expanding this to include include O2 and H2O impacts)

64
Q

Oligomerization

A

(the association of two organic molecules)

65
Q

Organic Acids

A

(any organic compound with acidic properties, phenols, alcohols, acids, …)

66
Q

Organic Nitrates

A

(RONO2, sometimes sum of organic and peroxy nitrates (RONO2 + RO2NO2))

67
Q

Organic Peroxides

A

(R-OO-R or R-OOH)

68
Q

Oxidation

A

(the loss of electrons / an increase in the oxidation state)

69
Q

Oxy

A

a functional group made up of an O (usually radical)

70
Q

Ozonolysis

A

cleavage/scission of unsaturated bond by O3

71
Q

Peroxyacyl nitrates

A

a.k.a. acyl peroxy nitrates, APNs, PANs (RCH3NO5 or RC(=O)OONO2)

72
Q

Peracids

A

(acid-OOH, a.k.a. Peroxy Acid)

73
Q

Peroxides

A

(R-OO-R’)

74
Q

Peroxy group

A

-OO-

75
Q

Peroxy Nitrates

A

(RO2NO2)

76
Q

Peroxyacyl nitrates

A

PANs, e.g., R-C(O)OONO2

77
Q

Phenol

A

(aromatic-OH, hydroxy group (-OH) attached to an aromatic hydrocarbon)

78
Q

Phenoxy

A

a phenol with an O bonded, usually a radical

79
Q

Pinenes

A

(bicyclic monoterpenes)

80
Q

Reactive Nitrogen

A

(NOy = NOz + NOx)

81
Q

Scission

A

(a.k.a. bond cleavage, the splitting of chemical bonds)

82
Q

Steroisomers

A

molecules with the same structure but different shapes, distinguished usually via ?,?,?,?,…

83
Q

Sulfate

A

(SO4-2)

84
Q

Sulfide

A

(S2-) e.g. H2S

85
Q

Sulfuric Acid

A

(H2SO4)

86
Q

Terpenes

A

(organic compounds made up of linked isoprenes (monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, etc.)

87
Q

Thioles

A

(heterocyclic compound C4H4S)

88
Q

Titration

A

the removal of a species by a (usually slow) addition of another species, e.g. O3 or OH titration

89
Q

Toluene

A

(benzene-CH3)

90
Q

Xylenes

A

(dimethylbenzenes)

91
Q

Alkyl nitrites

A

R-ONO

atm chem (1 decks)

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