Neap 2016 (2)

Question 1

Name the four components of observational learning.

Answer 1

• Attention
• Retention
• Reproduction (Motivation)
• Reinforcement.

Question 2

Median.

Answer 2

The score that is halfway between first and last score.

1,3,6,7,9,10,11

Median is 6.

Question 3

Mode.

Answer 3

Most commonly occurring score.

Question 4

What are the three main components which interfere with consolidation in the consolidation theory?

Answer 4

• Time
• Disruption
• Observable changes in structure of neurons

Question 5

Explain tip-of-the tongue phenomena.

Answer 5

Used to describe the situation when you are aware of knowing something, know the answer, but you are not able to to retrieve it from memory at that point in time.

Question 6

Explain maturation.

Answer 6

Developmental processes under the influence of heredity that lead to a functioning adult organism (Eg. Crawling, walking, talking etc.).

Question 7

Explain aversion therapy.

Answer 7

Block or discourage undesirable behaviour by associating (pairing) it with an aversive (unpleasant) stimulus such as feeling disgust, pain or nausea.

Question 8

Why has aversion therapy been criticised?

Answer 8

• Failure to generalise outside the clinical situation.
• Ethical considerations (could cause physiological or psychological harm).
• Extinction occurs without repeated administrations of UCS and CS pairing.

Question 9

Explain response cost.

Answer 9

A form of punishment that occurs when something desirable is removed (Eg. Take away iPad cause I’m reading in bed).

Question 10

What are the factors that affect the effectiveness of reinforcement.

Answer 10

• Order of presentation (must be after undesirable behaviour).
• Timing (QUICK).
• Appropriateness.

Question 11

Explain token eeconomies.

Answer 11

A form of behaviour modification where tokens are used to encourage a change in behaviour (Eg. Given stickers to put on door as a kid cause then when you get 10 you get a lolly cause good boy :)).

Question 12

What is Alzheimer’s disease?

Answer 12

A disease which progressively destroys neurons in the brain, causing memory loss.

Question 13

What is dementia?

Answer 13

A neurological disorder affecting higher mental functions, may be caused by disease or brain damage.

Question 14

Explain operant conditioning.

Answer 14

A type of learning whereby the consequences of an action determine the likelihood that it will be performed again in the future.