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Tech Q's - Care agents cross training. > nct4 v2 edited > Flashcards

nct4 v2 edited Flashcards

1
Q

3 parts of fiber

A

Coating, Cladding, Core

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2
Q

Most common type of fiber used in the cable industry

A

Single Mode Fiber

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3
Q

One Billionth of a meter

A

nanometer

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4
Q

Device that takes the RF and modulates it onto an optical wavelength

A

Optical Transmitter

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5
Q

Optical transmitters use this type of diode

A

Laser Diode

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6
Q

What device detects light and demodulates it to RF

A

Optical Receiver

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7
Q

An optical receiver uses this type of Diode

A

Photo Diode

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8
Q

Devices that are used to compensate for the forward and return loss

A

Amplifiers

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9
Q

What device compensates for the uneven cable loss in coax?

A

Equalizer

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10
Q

It provides a means to monitor levels with out interrupting service

A

Test Point

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11
Q

What device has both a DC & Splitter built into it?

A

Tap

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12
Q

What device is considered to be the customer interface point?

A

Tap

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13
Q

This map is the point where actives are added to the network

A

Design Map

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14
Q

CLI

A

Cumulative Leakage Index

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15
Q

CLI is performed how often?

A

annually

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16
Q

Leakage monitoring must be performed how often?

A

Every 90 days

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17
Q

Leakage logs must be kept on file for how many years?

A

2

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18
Q

AM

A

Amplitude Modulation

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19
Q

PM

A

Phase Modulation

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20
Q

FM

A

Frequency Modulation

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21
Q

The speed at which a wavefront passes through a medium, relative to the speed of light.

A

Velocity of Prorogation

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22
Q

Substance that allows heat or electricity to pass along or through it is called

A

A Conductor

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23
Q

The difference of an electrical field in radiated wave is

A

Polarity

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24
Q

Subatomic particles found in atoms that balance out the positive charge of a proton (within the nucleus) with their negative charge

A

Electrons

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25
Q

_____ is the amount of time it takes an AC waveform to complete one cycle

A

Period

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26
Q

The peak value of an AC waveform is also known as its

A

amplitude

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27
Q

1 complete sine wave =

A

Cycle

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28
Q

number of an AC waveform that occur in 1 second

A

Frequency

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29
Q

A design philosophy where the loss of the cable and other passive devices before an amplifier station equal the gain of the amplifier

A

Unity Gain

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30
Q

The difference in gain between the ends of a band of frequencies

A

Slope

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31
Q

an active device used to increase the level of an input signal. Used in a cable system to compensate for the effect of attenuation caused by coaxial cable and passive devices

A

Amplifier

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32
Q

Small plug-in device used to attenuate signals to the correct operating levels

A

Pad

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33
Q

A device used to reduce signal strength

A

Attenuator

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34
Q

In a cable amplifier it is typically a small, plug in device used to compensate for the fact that coaxial cable attenuation varies as the square root of frequency

A

Equalizer

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35
Q

the difference between in amplitude between the most positive (Peak) and the most negative (Valley) levels of a electrical signal

A

Peak to Valley

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36
Q

An oscillator controlled so that it maintains a constant phase angle relative to a reference signal source

A

Phase Locked

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37
Q

chemical change caused by a reaction to Oxygen such as rust

A

Oxidation

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38
Q

Detects errored bits in the system

A

Bit error Rate (BER)

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39
Q

used for troubleshooting connections with intermittent bit errors occuring over a period of time

A

Errored Seconds

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40
Q

passage of an outside signal into the cable; can result in noise and disruption of the desired signal

A

Ingress

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41
Q

this mode shows you if ingress is within the downstream digital spectrum without turning of service

A

QAM ingress mode

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42
Q

Service quality depends on transmitting signals with the highest carrier to composite noise and the lowest intermodulation distortion. The majority of all transmission errors can be detected by measuring the frequency response of the network is

A

Sweep

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43
Q

This meter is used to measure AC and DC voltages and currents as well as resistance and has a digital display

A

Digital Multi meter (DMM)

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44
Q

is used to find the location/path of underground cables

A

Cable locator

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45
Q

has a transmitter and receiver. it could include the following components a test lead, inductive frame and A-frame.

A

A locator

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46
Q

The resistance of a circuit to alternating current.

A

Impedance

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47
Q

is used to determine the distance of a known fault from a specific location

A

Time Domain Reflectometer (TDR)

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48
Q

Is used to locate: bad or unknown splices, opens, shorts, and kinked cable.

A

TDR

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49
Q

A reflection with the same polarity indicates an

A

open

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50
Q

The distance that cannot be seen by the TDR because its too close to the TDR source

A

Deadzone

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51
Q

two types of TDRs

A

Waveform and Digital

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52
Q

extremely thin flexible thread of pure cladded glass able to carry millions of times the information of a traditional copper wire and do it over greater distances

A

Optical Fiber

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53
Q

A device that generates a light source used in fiber communication

A

Laser

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54
Q

LASER

A

Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission Radiation

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55
Q

Most light generated by lasers for telecomm use exists in the infrared band of 1310nm and 1550nm wavelengths

A

Infrared Light

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56
Q

the distance between two points of like phase in a wave

A

Wavelength

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57
Q

A card made up of material similar to photographic film that changes colors when exposed to light

A

Photosensitive Card

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58
Q

what is the laser standard

A

ANSI Z-136

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59
Q

A method to lock and mark one end of a line in order to allow someone to safely work on the other end

A

Lockout Tag-out

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60
Q

what are the two methods of fiber cleaning

A

Wet and Dry

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61
Q

A battery or generator that provides electrical power to the circuit. For example, batteries and generators

A

Power Source

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62
Q

A conductor such as copper wire

A

Path

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63
Q

Substance that allows heat or electricity to pass along or through it

A

Conductor

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64
Q

Subatomic particles found in atoms that balance out the positive charge of a proton with their negative charge

A

Electrons

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65
Q

the direction of an electrical field in a radiated wave

A

Polarity

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66
Q

An electrical current of which the polarity is periodically reversed.

A

Alternating Current (AC)

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67
Q

the point at which the filament reaches a temperature that causes it to glow

A

incandescence

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68
Q

the relationship between current or voltage and elapsed time

A

AC Waveform

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69
Q

what are the 4 types of AC Waveforms

A

Sine Wave,
Square Wave,
Quasi-square wave,
Sawtooth Wave

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70
Q

one complete sine wave is

A

Cycle

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71
Q

peak value of a waveform

A

Amplitude

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72
Q

states that current is directly proportional to voltage and inversely proportional to resistance

A

Ohms Law

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73
Q

the rate a which work is done or the rate at which energy is used

A

Power

74
Q

the amount of energy available to move a certain number of electrons from one point to another in an electrical circuit

A

Voltage

75
Q

to be subjected to the action of an electrical discharge

A

Shock

76
Q

to kill by electrical shock

A

Electrocute

77
Q

a connection to the earth or a grounding device

A

Ground

78
Q

the electricity provided by the local power company

A

commercial power

79
Q

2 types of line power supplies

A

standby and non standby

80
Q

reduction of voltage by a transformer

A

stepped down

81
Q

batteries produce what kind of gas during charging operations

A

Hydrogen

82
Q

the most accurate and reliable test involves testing the batteries under a load condition

A

Load Test

83
Q

means of testing the network remotely that saves numerous problems in respect to downtime and customer dissatisfaction

A

status monitoring

84
Q

A network architecture developed by the cable industry which typically uses fiber optic cables to bring signals to selected areas of the system called Node Service Area, which are usually based on the number of subscribers to be served

A

Hybrid Fiber Coax(HFC)

85
Q

what are the two wavelengths of fiber do we use

A

1310 nm and 1550nm

86
Q

a network architecture where nodes, hubs, or headends may be connected with fiber optic cables to provide redundancy or increase services.

A

Ring

87
Q

What are the advantages of fiber

A

Greater Bandwith and can travel greater distances without Amplification

88
Q

what are the two types of Fiber

A

Single mode and Multi mode(we use single mode)

89
Q

the distance between two points of like phase in a wave

A

wavelength

90
Q

compares the speed of light through a material to the speed of light through a vacuum

A

Index of Refraction

91
Q

what is the primary loss in fiber called

A

Scattering

92
Q

separates(and recombines) the forward and reverse signals from the coax cable so they can be routed to and from the appropriate components within the amplifier station

A

Diplex filter

93
Q

separates or combines the AC currents two parts-( AC power and RF broadband signals)

A

Power Diplex

94
Q

attenuates the signal in order to bring it to within the acceptable range of the amplifier

A

Pad

95
Q

compensates for the unequal attenuation properties of the coaxial cable. usually selected to produce flat broadband signals to the input of the first stage of Amplification

A

Equalizer

96
Q

provides a means of monitoring the various inputs and outputs without interrupting service

A

Test Points (TP)

97
Q

A design philosophy where the loss of the cable and other passive devices before an amplifier station

A

Unity Gain

98
Q

similar to a street map and includes features like lakes and rivers, streets, and boundaries

A

Base Map

99
Q

Displays streets with poles and pedestals locations and includes the span length or footage between these items

A

Strand Map

100
Q

Shows the locations of electronic equipment. including headend and any hubs,amplifiers, power, supplies, and taps.

A

Design Map

101
Q

a thin wire wrapped around the fiber and coaxial cables to secure them to the strand

A

Lashing wire

102
Q

is the tension caused by the mass of cable on the reel and reel brakes.

A

tail loading

103
Q

is a connection to earth or a conductor serving earth potential and can be intentional or accidental

A

Ground

104
Q

is the interconnection through good conductors of the cable plant with power and phone systems to eliminate potential voltage differences

A

Bond

105
Q

is a pipe usually made of PVC and used to house cable and protect it from dirt, moisture, and outside forces.

A

conduit

106
Q

a high visibility tape usually used when burying fiber optic cable, buried directly above the cable point out the existence of the cable to anyone digging in that location

A

Warning Tape

107
Q

the US government agency established in 1934 to regulate electronic communications

A

Federal Communications Commission(FCC)

108
Q

In 1990, the FCC required that system perform s CLI test ____

A

Annually

109
Q

Leakage is emitted RF energy and is called

A

Egress

110
Q

Noise is received energy and is called

A

Ingress

111
Q

LTE

A

Long Term Evolution

112
Q

Leakage monitoring must be done

A

Quarterly

113
Q

Leakage logs must be kept on file for

A

2yrs

114
Q

CW

A

continuous wave

115
Q

the FCC requires that __ of the plant be tested for CLI. The comcast standard is _____

A

75% and 100%

116
Q

Comcast troubleshooting steps

A

Identify, Isolate, Repair, Verify

117
Q

Divide and conquer does what

A

reduces repair time.

118
Q

is defined as two or more customers without service or with impaired service, due to the same root cause

A

outage

119
Q

is a signals inability to be transmitted from one cable or device to another cable or device and measured in dB

A

Isolation

120
Q

is the interface location in a cable system where a fiber enters a neighborhood and the optical signal is converted into an electrical signal to connect to coaxial cables serving individual homes.

A

Node

121
Q

is an amplifier used to transport signals to longer distances

A

trunk amplifier

122
Q

are high gain amplifiers and are operated so that the output levels are higher as well

A

Line extenders

123
Q

to energize or power the equipment( nodes amplifiers and other active devices in the rf portion of the network). usually includes checks for continuity, shorts, and signal flow.

A

activation

124
Q

the number of times the base is multiplied by itself

A

exponent

125
Q

is a number where the base is 10

A

power of 10

126
Q

an absolute level that describes the amount of signal at a specific location in the system.

A

dBmV

127
Q

a discontinuous signal whose various states are discrete intervals apart

A

digital signal

128
Q

are a continuous signal or carrier that varies in amplitude or frequency

A

analog signals

129
Q

this term is short for binary digit. refers to an electrical impulse representing a zero or a one. the smallest unit of measurement a computer can handle

A

bit

130
Q

a set of bits that represent a single character. usually there are eight bits in a

A

Byte

131
Q

is the measuring of the analog signal at specific intervals

A

Sampling

132
Q

is the assigning of a specific value to each of the samples

A

Quantization

133
Q

is the process by which these values are converted into a data or bit stream

A

Encoding

134
Q

can interfere with an analog signal and reduce its clarity

A

thermal or interfering noise

135
Q

are regenerated rather than amplified

A

Digital bits

136
Q

is the means of superimposing sound on an RF carrier

A

AM

137
Q

is the means of superimposing sound on an RF carrier of a particular frequency

A

FM

138
Q

3 different types of modulation in analog

A

Amplitude(AM),Frequency(FM), and Phase(PM)

139
Q

defined as the position on a waveform cycle at a specific point in time. on cycle is defined as 360 degrees of phase

A

Phase

140
Q

the two most common digital modulation schemes that use a combination of changes are

A

QPSK and QAM

141
Q

often caused by poorly made or corroded connectors ,it actually changes the shape of the RF wave from(disimilar metals)

A

common path distortion (CPD)

142
Q

a chemical change caused by a reaction to oxygen, such as rust

A

Oxidation

143
Q

is caused by random electron activity of the atoms that make up the conductor, resistor, or any part of the passive circuit in question at any temperature above absolute zero

A

thermal noise

144
Q

undesired change in the waveform of a signal

A

distortions

145
Q

the second harmonic products of any two channels are typically 6dB below the level of the sum and difference products

A

Discrete second order

146
Q

an international telecommunications standard that permits the addition of high speed data transfer to an existing CATV system

A

DOCSIS

147
Q

generates light in the transmitter

A

Laser Diode

148
Q

is a family of standards for compressing decompressing A/V in a digital format

A

MPEG

149
Q

advantages of MPEG are

A

remove redundant info without losing quality while saving bandwith

150
Q

MPEG1

A

video CD

151
Q

MPEG2

A

HDTV/DVD

152
Q

MPEG4

A

streaming video

153
Q

has all the spatial info

A

I picture

154
Q

use both past and subsequent pictures

A

B picture

155
Q

is calculated by comparing previous and successive picture

A

P picture

156
Q

a cable version of CDMA , a cell phone technology that allows many users to access the network at the same time

A

SCDMA

157
Q

provides the ability to control latency

A

QOS

158
Q

how many channels can u bond with docsis 3.0

A

4 or 8 down 4 up

159
Q

number of timeouts caused by the cmts not receiving a response within aspecified time from the cmts to a ranging request. upstream errors

A

T3

160
Q

number of timeouts caused by the modem not receiving a response within a specified time from the cmts to a periodic maintenance request. downstream errors

A

T4

161
Q

the operational settings for the cable modem

A

Boot file

162
Q

a series of Reed -Solomon symbols forms the codeword. it s a series of values that conforms to a known pattern.

A

codewords

163
Q

when there are more than___ errored symbols in a codeword the entire codeword is errored

A

3

164
Q

technologies that allow cable modems to share the upstream carriers in the hfc network with multiple devices like cable modems, emtas, and set top boxes

A

TDMA and SCDMA

165
Q

assigns time slots for when modems can speak. configured in the CMTS

A

TDMA

166
Q

instead of a time slot, the modem gets a code for all the data it is sending

A

SCDMA

167
Q

is a set of rules that govern how devices transport data

A

Protocol

168
Q

allows interoperability of devices from different vendors

A

protocols

169
Q

is a way to tell the sending server that not all packets got to their destination, and please resend them.

A

Transmission control protocol/ internet protocol (TCP/IP)

170
Q

used to transport voice and video media

A

Real Time Transport Protocol (RTP)

171
Q

unlike tcp/ip it has no error correction

A

Universal Datagram Protocol (UDP)

172
Q

UTP

A

unshielded twisted pair

173
Q

has a field of 32 bits and dotted decimal

A

ipv4

174
Q

written in colon hexidecimal format and uses numbers and letters

A

ipv6

175
Q

can be configured for ipv4only or ipv6only

A

single stacked device

176
Q

can be configured fro both ipv4 or 6

A

dual stacked device

177
Q

rules for writing ipv6 addresses

A

1) omit leading zeros, meaning zeros at the beginning of each set of four characters. 2) replace consecutive all zero chunks within an address by using a double colon

178
Q

What component is known as the brain of the cable system?

A

Headend

179
Q

What are the signals that are used to pass channels to the customer?

A

Analog and Digital

180
Q

Any device which requires electricity to perform its function?

A

Active Device

Tech Q's - Care agents cross training. (8 decks)

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