NCP

Question 1

What did the NCP attempt to do?

Answer 1

Forge class alliances that would include the industrial working class and progressive sections of the national bourgéasie and peasantry

Question 2

What are the five stages of Marxist cycle of adaptation?

Answer 2

1. Primitive communism
2. Feudalism
3. Capitalism
4. Socialism
5. Communism

Question 3

What are the NCP objectives?

Answer 3

1. Adapt an anti-imperialist foreign policy stance
2. Eliminate foreign control of the economy
3. Create a tri-sectoral economy combing the state, the cooperative sector, and the private sector
4. greater democratization of the society by the creation of institutions of peoples power
5. educational upliftment and exposure to theoretical socialism. 

Question 4

How were the objectives expanded

Answer 4

-Forged links with progressive societies overseas
– nationalization and the creation of a state capitalism, which is preferred to communal ownership.
– remove bias towards the private sector.
-Allowing for direct participation of the people in government 

Question 5

What should the NCP be considered as?

Answer 5

A stage of building socialism and not a stage of advanced socialism 

Question 6

What does the success of the NCP model rest on?

Answer 6

– Overcome dependence on minerals and primary exports.
– remove the high dependence on exports.
– create genuine, political and economic independence, which includes the enhancement of political democracy, along with the ability to take advantage of such initiatives, inclusive of education

Question 7

Give three places where NCP was attempted and state which one was the most successful

Answer 7

• Guyana: cooperative socialism
  – Jamaica: social democracy
  – Grenada: Revolutionary socialism 

Question 8

What was the dominant trend during NCP Jamaica?

Answer 8

Dependency theory

Question 9

What does dependency theory argue?

Answer 9

Argues that the underdeveloped countries are structurally dependent on more advanced economies

Question 10

What were the objectives in Jamaica?

Answer 10

-Trade diversification.
-land reform policies.
– social sector reforms
-Political reforms.
– limitations on luxury imports

Question 11

What was the mistake that allowed for Jamaica to considered a failure?

Answer 11

it’s a government did not dismantle the liberal Democratic structures, and as a result, the broad messages were advanced and the national bourgeoisie rebelled because they had the instrumental legitimacy to do so 

any effect the People’s national party negatively affected the institution, but left it in place. Hence the resistance to Manley’s implementation, and this problem was exacerbated by the constitutional situation in the country. 

Question 12

What were the modes of change? (Jamaica)

Answer 12

• Nationalization: heavily in all major sectors (banking, transport, telecommunications and industry )
• trade diversification: the government pursued non-traditional markets for goods in lac, Asia and Europe
• to save foreign exchange, the government placed restrictions on the importation of luxury goods
  -To increase revenue and discourage foreign ownership, Jamaica sought to extract more heavily from these entities where foreign ownership was still present (e.g. 72 % tax on aluminum).

Question 13

What were the major reform areas in Jamaica?

Answer 13

• Land reform policies included ‘Project Land Lease’ which offered idle arable land to farmers for cultivation and established cooperatives in agriculture.
• social sector reforms sought to make national education more accessible and implemented feeding and food subsidization programs, provision of uniforms, price controls and enhanced employee benefits.
• political reforms were conducted within the Westminster System and included the mass organizations and mobilization of NGOs.

Question 14

Explain why Jamaica is the mis-fired model?

Answer 14

• Heavy taxation caused capital flight that created serious balance of payment problems
• only 14% of land was redistributed and the lease program had little effect
• enhanced social services put the government’s available resources under pressure

Question 15

What were the political components of Grenada ‘s revolutionary socialism?

Answer 15

• Revolutionary reforms were conducted within the Westminster System and included the mass organizations and mobilization of NGOs.
• The vanguard party model was adopted by the PRG, and this enhanced the power of the party’s central committee.
• The PRG attempted to deepen democracy by establishing mass organizations and converting political bodies into national bodies. The constituency branch became a zonal
  or parish council and they exploited the Cuban model which drew on the Women, Youth,Farmers and Trade Unions

Question 16

What were the shortcomings of Grenada’s political components?

Answer 16

-This approach was criticized since it created a facade and people had little real power in the PRG
- There was no facility where the power of the upper echelons could be challenged, and this is consistent with the theory of democratic centralism.
- The party was selective in recruiting new members

Question 17

What were the economic components of Grenada’s model?

Answer 17

-The PRG set about restructuring the economy to achieve the tri-sectoral model mentioned earlier
-The state nationalized heavily and led the way towards economic diversification in tourism and trade.
-The PRG also diversified their capital investments as reflected in projects such as the airport
-The PRG moved from dependence on US and UK sources of investment to embrace European sources

Question 18

What was the focus of the movement towards political independence in Grenada? And what were the initiatives under the PRG for education intended for?

Answer 18

education and health as focal points

-increase the national level of literacy
-Enhance administrative and technical skills nationally.

Question 19

What were the improvements in the Grenadian heath sector?

Answer 19

establishment of clinics, dental care, along with pre and postnatal care.

Question 20

Why was the Grenada revolution hard to evaluate?

Answer 20

Because it ended prematurely with the US invasion

Question 21

What did the Grenada revolution demonstrate?

Answer 21

a decisive shift away from the traditional colonial thinking since Grenada managed to dislodge what Lewis referred to as ‘the dependent colonial mentality’.
Grenada established a new structure of government and shifted its loyalty from the UK and US.

Question 22

What was a major problem that emerged in Grenada?

Answer 22

the tendency of socialist and non-capitalist regimes to counterpoise socialism with democracy.

Question 23

What does NCP reflect the product of?

Answer 23

people’s responses to objective conditions. It emerges because of, and partly in spite of, the theoretical framework of dependency analysis.

Question 24

What is orthodox Marxism?

Answer 24

A strong version of the theory that the economic base (material conditions) determines the cultural and political superstructure of society

Question 25

What is classic Marxism?

Answer 25

Theory emphasized the role of the industrial urban working class in the transition to socialism however the functional equivalent of the industrial urban working class in the Caribbean is small