NCOA Digestion Review Flashcards
This age-related change reduces the effectiveness of chewing and can lead to difficulty eating.
Tooth loss or reduced dentition
Tooth loss can significantly impact nutrition and quality of life in older adults.
This is the term for decreased production of saliva in older adults, often causing dry mouth.
Xerostomia
Xerostomia can lead to difficulties in swallowing and increased dental problems.
The natural slowing of this reflex increases the risk of aspiration in older adults.
Swallowing reflex
Aspiration can lead to serious respiratory complications.
Decreased production of this digestive enzyme can result in difficulty digesting dairy products.
Lactase
Lactase deficiency can lead to lactose intolerance.
The reduction of this gastrointestinal process, caused by slower peristalsis, often leads to constipation in older adults.
Colonic motility
Constipation is a common complaint and can significantly affect comfort and health.
This condition occurs when the lower esophageal sphincter weakens, allowing stomach acid to enter the esophagus.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
GERD can lead to esophagitis and other complications if untreated.
A deficiency in this vitamin, caused by reduced stomach acid production, is common in older adults and can lead to anemia.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 deficiency can cause neurological issues and cognitive decline.
This condition is caused by the formation of small pouches in the colon that can become inflamed or infected.
Diverticulitis
Diverticulitis may require dietary changes or medical treatment.
Reduced peristalsis in the large intestine is a common cause of this uncomfortable digestive condition in older adults.
Constipation
Management may include dietary fiber and hydration.
This type of cancer, often asymptomatic in its early stages, is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in older adults.
What is colorectal cancer?
Colorectal cancer is particularly concerning because it can progress without noticeable symptoms, leading to late diagnoses.
Nurses recommend this type of diet to prevent constipation in older adults.
What is a high-fiber diet?
A high-fiber diet can include fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes.
Nurses encourage older adults to drink this amount of water daily to maintain healthy digestion.
What is 6-8 glasses (or 1.5-2 liters)?
Adequate hydration is crucial for preventing constipation and supporting overall digestive health.
This position is recommended after meals to reduce the risk of GERD symptoms.
What is sitting upright for 30-60 minutes?
Sitting upright helps prevent gastric reflux and allows for better digestion.
Nurses should educate patients with diverticulitis to avoid foods containing these, which can irritate the colon.
What are seeds and nuts?
These foods can exacerbate symptoms and cause complications in patients with diverticulitis.
This is the most effective intervention to prevent aspiration in an older adult with dysphagia.
What is providing thickened liquids and encouraging slow, careful chewing?
These strategies help minimize the risk of choking and aspiration pneumonia.
This macronutrient is essential for maintaining muscle mass and preventing malnutrition in older adults.
What is protein?
Adequate protein intake is vital for recovery and maintaining strength in older adults.
Older adults often need supplements of this mineral to prevent bone loss and maintain digestive muscle function.
What is calcium?
Calcium is crucial for bone health and plays a role in muscle contractions.
This is the daily recommended intake of fiber for older adults to support digestive health.
What is 25-30 grams?
Meeting this fiber intake helps prevent constipation and promotes healthy digestion.
Older adults with reduced appetite are encouraged to consume meals rich in these types of nutrients.
What are nutrient-dense foods?
Nutrient-dense foods provide essential vitamins and minerals without excessive calories.
This omega-3 fatty acid source supports digestive health and reduces inflammation in older adults.
What are fatty fish or fish oils?
Omega-3 fatty acids are known for their anti-inflammatory properties, beneficial for overall health.
This is the first nursing priority when an older adult patient reports difficulty swallowing food.
Assessing for signs of dysphagia or aspiration
The nurse identifies this symptom as an early warning sign of colorectal cancer.
Change in bowel habits (e.g., blood in stool, constipation, or diarrhea)
When caring for an older adult with unintentional weight loss and poor appetite, the nurse prioritizes addressing this underlying condition.
Depression, chronic illness, or malabsorption
This screening tool is used to assess older adults for malnutrition or unintentional weight loss.
Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA)
