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ronan > NCMA113 – Asepsis and Infection Control > Flashcards

NCMA113 – Asepsis and Infection Control Flashcards

1
Q

directly involved in providing a biologically safe environment

A

Nurses

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2
Q

exist everywhere; in water, in soil, and on body surfaces such as the skin, intestinal tract, and other areas open to the outside (e.g., mouth, upper respiratory tract, vagina, and lower urinary tract)

A

Microorganisms

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2
Q

Types of microorganisms

A

Bacteria, Fungi, Parasites, Virus

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3
Q

illness caused by an infectious agent or its toxins that occurs through the direct or indirect transmission of the infectious agent or its products from an infected individual or via an animal, vector or the inanimate environment to a susceptible animal or human host

A

Communicable disease

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3
Q

severity or harmfulness of a disease

A

 Virulence

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4
Q

Implantation and successful replication of an organism in the tissue of the host resulting in signs and symptoms

A

 Infection

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5
Q

Microorganisms or Etiologic Agent

A

 Infectious Agent

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6
Q

ability of an organism to produce a disease

A

 Pathogenicity

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7
Q

microorganisms that causes disease

A

 Pathogen

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8
Q

an infectious agent that causes disease in virtually any susceptible host

A

 True pathogen

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9
Q

Freedom from disease-causing microorganisms

A

Asepsis

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10
Q

potentially infectious agents that rarely cause disease in individuals with healthy immune systems

A

 Opportunistic pathogens

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11
Q

Two types of Asepsis

A

Medical Asepsis, Surgical Asepsis

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12
Q

“Clean technique”
Practices intended to confine or reduce microorganisms
Controls microorganisms
Basic hand hygiene used
Clean equipment and supplies
Clean field

A

Medical Asepsis

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12
Q

Condition in which acute organ dysfunction occurs secondary to infection

A

Sepsis

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13
Q

“Sterile technique”
Practices that keep an area or object free of all microorganisms
Absence of microorganisms
Surgical scrub performed
Sterile equipment and supplies
Sterile field

A

Surgical Asepsis

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14
Q

when a culture of individual’s blood reveals microorganisms

A

Bacteremia

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15
Q

when bacteremia results in systemic infection

A

 Septicaemia

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16
Q

most common infection-causing microorganism, unicellular

A

 Bacteria

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17
Q

consist of nucleic acid, must enter living cells to reproduce

A

 Virus

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18
Q

yeasts and molds

A

 Fungi

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19
Q

live on living organisms (protozoa, helminths, arthropods)

A

 Parasites

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20
Q

limited to the specific part of the body where the microorganisms remain

A

 Local infection

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21
Q

process by which strains of microorganisms become resident flora. In this state, the microorganisms may grow and multiply but do not cause disease.

A

 Colonization

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22
Q

spread of infection to different parts of the body

A

 Systemic infection

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23
Q

generally appear suddenly or last a short time;

A

 Acute infections

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24
Q

Causes: Improper catheterization technique, Contamination of closed drainage system, inadequate hand hygiene

A

 CAUTI – Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection

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24
Q

Causes: Improper dressing change, inadequate hand hygiene

A

 SSI – Surgical Site Infection

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25
Q

occurs slowly, over a very long period, and may last months or years.

A

 Chronic infection

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26
Q

Causes: Improper tubing and site care technique, inadequate hand hygiene

A

 CLABSI - Central IV Line-Associated Bloodstream Infection

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27
Q

 After the initial soap and water hand washing, the CDC recommends the use of _______ (rinses, gels, or foams) before and after each direct client contact

A

alcohol-based antiseptic hand rubs

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27
Q

Causes: Improper suctioning, inadequate hand hygiene

A

 VAP - Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia

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28
Q

For routine client care, vigorous hand washing under a stream of water for ______ seconds using soap at the beginning of the nurse’s shift, when hands are visibly soiled, and after using the toilet is recommended (WHO, 2009).

A

15 to 20

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29
Q

 Comply with either the current CDC hand hygiene guidelines or the current WHO hand hygiene guidelines
 Implement evidence-based practices to prevent HAIs due to: Multidrug-resistant organisms, CLABSI, CAUTI, SSI

A

2019 The Joint Commission National Patient Safety Goals
Goal 7: Reduce the Risk of Healthcare-Associated Infections

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30
Q

_______ of healthcare personnel are a common vehicle for the spread of microorganisms

A

 Hands

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30
Q

direct result of diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.
Ex: Bacteremia that results from an intravascular infusion line

A

 Latrogenic infections

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31
Q

Any microbe capable of producing disease (i.e. bacteria, virus, fungi, parasite)

A

Etiologic Agent

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31
Q

Coughing, sneezing, bodily secretions, feces

A

Portal of exit

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32
Q

Where organisms survives and multiplies (people, animals, food, water, soil

A

Reservoir

33
Q

3 types of Transmission

A

Direct transmission
Indirect transmission
Airborne transmission

34
Q

From individual to individual
Touching, biting, kissing, sexual intercourse

A

Direct transmission

35
Q

form of direct transmission but can occur only if within 1m (3ft); sneezing, coughing, spitting, singing, talking

A

 Droplet

36
Q

Remain in the air for long periods

A

Airborne transmission

36
Q

Fomites (inaminate materials or objects)

A

 Vehicle-born transmission

37
Q

Vector (animal or flying / crawling insect

A

 Vector-born transmission

38
Q

residue of evaporated droplets

A

 Droplet nuclei

39
Q

Protects the individual against all microorganisms.

A

Body defences against infection (Non-specific)

40
Q

mechanical objects causing trauma to tissues, excessive heat or cold, and radiation

A

 Physical agents

41
Q

any individual who is at risk for infection

A

Susceptible host

42
Q

external irritants (strong acids, alkalis, poisons, irritating gases) and internal irritants (hydrochloric acid in the stomach)

A

 Chemical agents

43
Q

Injurious agent is overcome, the exudate is cleared away by lymphatic drainage

A

Exudate Production

44
Q

contains chiefly of serum (ex. blister from a burn)

A

 Serous exudates

45
Q

thicker than serous exudate, contains pus

A

 Purulent exudates

46
Q

large amounts of RBC ( ex. wounds)

A

 Sanguineous (hemorrhagic) exudates

47
Q

fresh bleeding

A

 Bright sanguineous exudates

48
Q

older bleeding

A

 Dark sanguineous exudates

49
Q

consists of pus and blood, (new wound that is infected)

A

 Purosanguineous

50
Q

clear and blood tinge drainage, (surgical incisions)

A

 Serosanguineous

51
Q

is the replacement of destroyed tissue cells by cells that are identical or similar in structure and function.

A

 Regeneration

52
Q

When regeneration is not possible, repair occurs by ______.

A

scar formation

53
Q

Later in the process, the tissue shrinks and the collagen fibers contract, so that a firmer fibrous tissue remains… this is called

A

cicatrix or scar

54
Q

fragile, gelatinous tissue, appearing pink or red because of the many newly formed capillaries.

A

 Granulation tissue

55
Q

help in the functions of the immune system

A

 Helper T cells

55
Q

defense against bacteria, viruses and other infectious agents

A

 Specific

56
Q

attack and kill microorganisms and sometimes the body’s own cells

A

 Cytotoxic T cells

57
Q

suppress the functions of the helper T cells and the cytotoxic T cells

A

 Suppressor T cells

58
Q

done while the individual is still the source of infection

A

Concurrent

58
Q

process of elimination of pathogenic microorganisms except spores

A

Disinfection

59
Q

Process of complete elimination of all forms of microbial life

A

Sterilization

60
Q

the patient is no longer the source of infection

A

Terminal

61
Q

designed to prevent highly contagious or virulent infection (private room, handwashing, PPEs)

A

 Strict Isolation

61
Q

measures designed to prevent the spread of infections or potentially infectious microorganisms to health personnel, clients, and visitors.

A

 Isolation

62
Q

prevent transmission over a short distance through the air

A

 Respiratory Isolation

62
Q

prevent infections transmitted primarily by direct contact

A

 Contact Isolation

63
Q

prevent the spread through direct contact from feces

A

 Enteric Isolation

64
Q

Designed for all clients in hospital

A

Standard and Universal Precaution

64
Q

Transmission-Based Precaution

A
  1. Airborne Precautions
  2. Droplet Precautions
  3. Contact Precautions
65
Q

private room that has negative air pressure

A

Airborne Infection Isolation Room (AIIR)

65
Q

For Measles (Rubeola), Varicella (Chickenpox), Tuberculosis

A

Airborne Precaution

66
Q

C. Difficile, Enterohemorrhagic, E. Coli, Hepatitis A, Scabies

A

Contact Precaution

67
Q

for Diphtheria, Pertussis, Mumps, Pneumonia

A

Droplet Precaution

68
Q

Limitation of the freedom of movement of persons or animals which have been exposed to a communicable disease for a period of time equivalent to the longest incubation period of that disease

A

Quarantine

69
Q

Self-rebreathing apparatus with garment totally encapsulated chemical suit (gives the highest protection)

A

 LEVEL A

70
Q

Positive pressure with non-encapsulated chemical suit

A

 LEVEL B

71
Q

Air purifying respirator

A

 LEVEL C

72
Q

Standard work clothes without a respirator

A

 LEVEL D

73
Q

Should fit tightly to the face, covering the nose and the mouth

A

Mask

74
Q

Should be worn when caregiver’s clothing is likely to be soiled by infected material.

A

Gowns

75
Q

are used to cover the hair, special covers are available for shoes

A

Cap and shoe cover

76
Q

Protects the hands for acquiring infective organisms

A

Gloves

77
Q

blood and body products, pathology laboratory specimen, laboratory cultures, contaminated equipment, food and infant and adult diapers

A

 Infectious waste

78
Q

needles, scalpel blades, lancets, broken glass

A

 Injurious waste

79
Q

radioactive materials, chemotherapy solutions and their containers and other caustic chemicals

A

 Hazardous waste

80
Q

 “True prevention”
 Applied to clients that are healthy
 Health promotion, health education, immunization, nutrition, physical fitness

A

Primary prevention

81
Q

 Focuses on ill or sick individuals, and those at risk of developing complications
 Directed towards diagnosis and intervention
 Screenings, surgery, medications

A

Secondary prevention

82
Q

 Focuses on permanent or irreversible disability
 Minimizing the long-term effects of illness
 Rehabilitation (PT)

A

Tertiary prevention

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