NCMA (midterm Flashcards

1
Q

babies born before 37 weeks of gestation.

A

Premature infant

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2
Q

it covers the entire back and face, soles few creases, scrotum
little rugae

A

Lanugo

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3
Q
  • a baby delivered after 42 weeks of gestation.
  • abundant scalp hair. Visible creases on palms and soles of feet.
    Minimal fat deposits
  • Absence of lanugo
A

Postmature infant

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4
Q

Infant whose rate of intrauterine growth was slowed and whose birth weight
falls below the 10th percentile on the intrauterine growth chart.

A

Small for Gestational Age Infants

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5
Q

Causes of IUGR

A
  • Poor nutrition during pregnancy
  • Placental defects and complications
  • Teenage pregnancies
  • Hypertensive mother
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6
Q

how to prevent the IUGR

A
  • Priority nursing care in the first few days of life
  • Initiation and maintenance of respirations
  • Maintenance of hydration and normal glucose - glucose IVF, thermoregulation,
    correct IVF rate, breastfeeding every 3-4 hours
  • monitor glucose level every 4 hours
  • Control of body temperature
  • For newborns under radiant warmers – monitor vital signs, keep the newborn
    hydrated, assess integrity of the skin.
  • Maintaining neutral thermal environment permits the neonate to maintain a
    normal core temperature with minimal oxygen consumption.
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7
Q

IUGR and SGA newborn
(causes)

A
  • Age – under 18 or over 35 years of age
  • Poor nutrition during pregnancy
  • Placental defects – perinatal hypoxia
  • Maternal condition – HPN, anemia, DM
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8
Q

Definition of Respiratory Distress Syndrome (Hyaline
Membrane Disease)

A

refers to a condition of surfactant deficiency and physiologic
immaturity of the thorax.

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9
Q

Diagnostic exam in Respiratory Distress Syndrome (Hyaline
Membrane Disease)

A

X-ray, blood glucose, ABG, Fetal lung maturity
assay ( the fastest)

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10
Q

Diagnostic findings in Respiratory Distress Syndrome (Hyaline
Membrane Disease)

A

radiographic findings – diffuse granular pattern
like broken glass appearance on chest x-ray, hypoxemia, increased
carbon dioxide and respiratory acidosis on ABG.

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11
Q

Medications in Respiratory Distress Syndrome (Hyaline
Membrane Disease)

A

artificial surfactant, nitric oxide ( it will dilate
pulmonary bronchus)

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12
Q

Clinical Manifestations of RDS

A
  • Tachypnea 60>
  • Flaring nares
  • Expiratory grunting,
    dyspnea
  • Chest Retractions –
    sternal and subcostal
  • Seesaw respirations
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13
Q

When does Meconium Aspiration Syndrome occur in newborns?

A

Meconium Aspiration Syndrome occurs when there is the aspiration of amniotic fluid containing meconium into the fetal or newborn trachea either in utero or at the first breath.

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14
Q

What is the primary time frame for the occurrence of Meconium Aspiration Syndrome in infants?

A

Meconium Aspiration Syndrome primarily occurs in full-term and post-term infants during the relaxation of the anal sphincter and the passage of meconium into the amniotic fluid, often due to intrauterine stress.

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15
Q

assessment in Meconium Aspiration Syndrome

A

widened anteroposterior diameter of the chest (barrelchest), greenish stains on the skin, umbilical cord and nails

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16
Q

What is the priority nursing care for a newborn diagnosed with Meconium Aspiration Syndrome?

A

assist in tracheal suctioning

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17
Q

Nursing care in Meconium Aspiration Syndrome

A
  • Suctioning – oropharyngeal and tracheal
  • O2 support (Severe: Extracorporeal
    membrane oxygenation)
  • Exogenous surfactant administration
  • IV fluid administration
  • Administer systemic antibiotics as
    prescribed
  • Ampicillin
  • Gentamycin
  • Amikacin
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18
Q

In Sepsis it occurs less than 3 days after birth
- Caused by maternal infection

A

Early onset

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19
Q

it - occurs on the 4th up to 7th days after birth

  • Nosocomial infection
A

Late onset

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20
Q

Clinical Manifestation in Sepsis

A
  • Pallor, cyanosis, or
    mottling
  • Hypotension
  • Tachycardia
  • Irregular respirations
  • Jaundice
  • Dehydration
  • Temperature instability
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21
Q

Laboratory and Diagnostic studies in Sepsis

A
  • Blood culture
  • Urine and blood culture
    and CSF analysis
  • CBC – WBC increased
  • ESR and C-reactive
    protein - increased
22
Q

refers to an excessive level of accumulated bilirubin in the blood and
is characterized by jaundice.

A

Hyperbilirubinemia

23
Q

Jaundice in the first 24 hours of life

A

Pathologic jaundice

24
Q
A
25
Q

Jaundice after 24 hours of life

A

Physiologic jaundice

26
Q

possible Complications in Hyperbilirubinemia

A

Kernicterus

27
Q

Management in Hyperbilirubinemia

A

Phototherapy

28
Q

Nursing care plan in Hyperbilirubinemia

A
  • cover the eyes and genitalia,
  • check skin turgor for hydration,
  • turn the infant every 2 hours
  • Instruct the mother to continue breastfeeding every 2-4 hours
29
Q

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ( SIDS)

A
  • Sudden unexpected death of any infant younger than 1
    year of age
  • Death usually occurs during sleep – “CRIB Death”
  • Most common cause of death in children ages 1 months
    to 1 year
  • Peak: 2-4 mos., 90% before 6th mos.
30
Q

NURSING MANAGEMENT IN SIDS

A
  • Teach parents how to
    minimize the risk of SIDS
  • Avoid smoking during and after
    pregnancy
  • Encourage supine position or
    side-lying position
31
Q

Possible Causes (SIDS):

A
  • Co-sleeping
  • Soft beddings
  • Use of pillows, blankets on the
    crib
  • Maternal smoking
32
Q

Necrotizing
enterocolitis

A
  • An acute inflammatory disease
    of the bowel
  • Preterm neonates manifesting
    abdominal distention and
    vomiting.
33
Q

signs of Necrotizing
enterocolitis

A
  • Poor feeding
  • Distended abdomen
  • Blood in the stool
  • Vomiting
  • Apnea
34
Q

Nursing management in Necrotizing Enterocolitis

A
  • Assessing patient for presence of abdominal distention
  • Reporting to the doctor any episodes of gastric residuals
  • Placing the patient on NPO as per doctor’s order if symptoms of NEC is
    observed
35
Q

Newborn Screening

A
  • Congenital hypothyroidism
  • Phenylketonuria
  • G6PD Deficiency
36
Q

its the procedure to determine if the newborn
infant has a heritable congenital metabolic disorder

A

Newborn Screening

37
Q

Results from the absence or lack of development of thyroid gland causing
absence or lack of thyroxine needed for metabolism and growth of the
body and the brain.

A

Congenital Hypothyroidism

38
Q

short stature, macroglossia, delayed closure of the fontanelles,
hypotonia

A

s/s

39
Q

Manaagement in Congenital Hypothyroidism

A

medication will be needed throughout the child’s lifetime
Administration of thyroid hormone will prevent problems.
if managed early it will not cause mental retardation

40
Q

Medication in Congenital Hypothyroidism

A

Synthroid – taken in the morning. Report signs of tremors
(toxicity)

41
Q

Deficiency or absence of enzyme needed to metabolize essential
amino acid like phenylalanine

A

Phenylketonuria

42
Q

Diagnostic test in Phenylketonuria

A

Guthrie test

43
Q

If ____________ it will prevent mental retardation or cognitive
impairment

A

managed early

44
Q

goal of treatment in Phenylketonuria

A

meeting the child’s nutritional needs for
optimal growth.

45
Q

results to FTT, absence of adequate melanin
pigmentation, unpredictable and erratic behavior

A

Untreated phenylketonuria

46
Q

Lack of enzyme resulting to premature destruction of RBC leading to
hemolytic anemia

A

G6PD Deficiency

47
Q

Without G6PD, RBC’s undergo _________ when exposed to oxidative
stress.

A

HEMOLYSIS

48
Q

Symptoms of G6PD Deficiency

A

jaundice,. Dark colored urine, back pain, anemia

49
Q

Complications in G6PD Deficiency

A

severe anemia, hyperbilirubinemia

50
Q

Management in G6PD Deficiency

A

avoid food, drugs, chemicals that cause oxidative
stress

51
Q

Heart Disorders

A

*Congenital Heart Disorders
* ASD
* VSD
* PDA
* TOF
* Acquired Heart Disease
* Rheumatic Heart Dse,
* Kawasaki Heart Dse

52
Q
A