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NCLEX-RN Facts Flashcards

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0
Q

What are manifestations of autonomic dysreflexia?

A

Severe pounding HA, profuse sweating, nasal congestion

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1
Q

What kind of PPE is necessary for an acute viral infection?

A

Contact precautions - gown and gloves

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2
Q

What diagnostic measure can be used to determine hemolytic disease of the NB?

A

Amniocentesis - maternal Abs destroy fetal RBCs; bilirubin secreted b/c of hemolysis

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3
Q

What is the kcal/day requirement for women?

A

1200-1500 kcal/d

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4
Q

What is the daily Kcal requirement per day for men?

A

1500-1800 kcal/d

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5
Q

What is the required intake of Fe for pregnant versus non-pregnant females?

A

15 mg/day nonpregnant and 30 mg/day pregnant

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6
Q

What are the symptoms of a hemolytic reaction?

A

Hypotension, backache, low back pain, fever, chills, dyspnea

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7
Q

What is the main psychosocial problem with anorexia nervosa?

A

Self-identity and self-esteem

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8
Q

“This test will show how well my blood sugar has been controlled over the past 6-8 wks”

A

HbA1C - when RBCs are being formed, sugar attached (glycosylated) and remains attached throughout the life of the RBC (about 2 mo) - normal is 4-6%

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9
Q

What are the manifestations of a panic attack?

A

Palpitations, decreased perceptual field, diaphoresis, fear of going crazy, increased HR, increased BP (sANS)

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10
Q

What are the manifestations of Graves’ Dz?

A

Restlessness and hyperactive reflexes; heat intolerance, wt loss, and increased appetite d/t increased metabolic rate

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11
Q

What group is characterized by trust versus mistrust?

A

Birth to 18 mo - results from interaction with dependable, predictable primary caretaker

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12
Q

What age group is characterized by Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt?

A

Toddlers - 18 mo to 3 y/o

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13
Q

What age group is characterized by Initiative vs Guilt?

A

Preschoolers - ages 3-6 y/o

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14
Q

What age group is characterized by Industry vs Inferiority?

A

Latency/School Age - 6-12 y/o

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15
Q

What age group is characterized by Identity vs Role Confusion?

A

Adolescence - 12-19 y/o

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16
Q

What age group is characterized by Intimacy vs Isolation?

A

Young Adulthood (19-35 y/o)

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17
Q

What age group is characterized by Generativity vs Stagnation?

A

Middle Adulthood (35-65 y/o)

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18
Q

What age group is characterized by Ego Integrity vs Despair?

A

Late Adulthood (>65 y/o)

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19
Q

What is the primary goal of a reminiscing group for residents of a LT care facility?

A

Provides environment for social interaction and companionship

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20
Q

What sign is associated with hypocalcemia?

A

Trousseau’s sign - indicative of neuromuscular hyperreflexia

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21
Q

What manifestations are associated with hypercalcemia?

A

Constipation, depressed reflexes, decreased muscle strength

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22
Q

What labs may be noted with bacterial meningitis?

A

CSF cloudy and increased WBCs

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23
Q

What labs may be noted with viral meningitis?

A

CSF clear and increased WBCs

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24
Q

What is the purpose of a Miller-Abbott tube?

A

Provides intestinal decompression; intestinal tubes often used for Tx of paralytic ileus

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25
Q

What should parents be told about the accuracy of a PKU (phenylketonuria) test?

A

The initial specimen should be collected as close to DC as possible but not after 7 d; if collected before 24 h old, a repeat test should be done 2 wks of age

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26
Q

What may be seen with Buerger’s disease?

A

Vasculitis of vessels in upper and lower ext - digital sensitivity to cold, intermittent claudication

27
Q

What is the best method to use when evaluating the effectiveness of tracheal suctioning?

A

Auscultation of chest for changes or clearing of adventitious breath sounds

28
Q

What is an important consideration in care of NB with FAS?

A

Replace vitamins depleted as result of poor maternal diet, esp. vitamin B complex (CNS Fx)

29
Q

What will the skin of a pt with Addison’s Dz look like?

A

Darker skin that is more pigmented b/c increased MSH

30
Q

What is an indication of intestinal obstruction?

A

Distended and painful abdomen

31
Q

When is best time to start toilet training a child?

A

24 mo - able to achieve daytime bladder control

32
Q

What is the highest priority when caring for pt with hypoparathyroidism?

A

Dealing with cardiac dysrhythmias b/c hypocalcemia

33
Q

What is the purpose of continuous bladder irrigation (CBI)?

A

Prevents formation of clots that can lead to obstruction and spasm in the postop TURP pt - Enables urine to keep flowing

34
Q

When does a pt with an adjustment disorder/reactive depression have the highest physical and psychic energy?

A

In the morning hours

35
Q

What is the earliest sign of an obstructed urinary catheter?

A

Bladder distention

36
Q

What manifestations would be noted if TPN were abruptly DC’d?

A

Insulin levels remain high while glucose levels decline; results in hypoglycemia (diaphoresis, confusion, tachycardia); will also see restlessness, HA, weakness, irritability, apprehension, lack of muscle coordination

37
Q

When will pain occur if pt has a gastric ulcer?

A

1/2 - 1 hr p meal, unrelieved by ingestion of food

38
Q

When will the pain occur if pt has a duodenal ulcer?

A

2-3 hr p meal, prior to ingestion of food, often during night; relieved by ingestion of food

39
Q

Why does N/V occur during 1st Tmx?

A

B/C increased estrogen, progesterone, and hCG

40
Q

What is an early sign of hypoxia/respiratory distress?

A

Tachypnea, restlessness, anxious - tachycardia occurs in early resp distress

41
Q

What is the most important consideration for the pt with myasthenia gravis?

A

Increased muscle fatigue, esp toward the end of the day

42
Q

What manifestations are noted in Mania?

A

agitation, grandiose delusions, euphoria, difficulty concentrating

43
Q

What is the problem with Meniere’s syndrome?

A

Vertigo attacks - stand directly in front, avoid shifting positions

44
Q

What is most reliable assessment to determine effectiveness of diuretic therapy?

A

Daily wts

45
Q

What is the purpose of play therapy?

A

children have difficulty putting feelings into words; play is how they express themselves

46
Q

How long does an MRI usually take?

A

90 min

47
Q

In preparing for an IVP, which medication should be DC’d 48 h prior to proc?

A

Metformin (Glucophage), b/c contrast media can cause life-threatening lactic acidosis

48
Q

What symptoms are noted in DI?

A

Signs of dehydration, increased UO, low SG

49
Q

What manifestations are noted in low intestinal obstruction?

A

N/V, abd distention - distention occurs above level of obstruction and initially hypoactive BS; no stool

50
Q

After a lumbar laminectomy, what muscles need to be strengthened?

A

Abdominal - contributes to supporting lumbar spine

51
Q

When assessing orientation of an elderly pt, what principle should be noted by the nurse?

A

The stress of an unfamiliar environment may cause confusion

52
Q

What manifestations are noted with Cushing’s syndrome?

A

Thin ext (b/c wt loss in legs) with easy bruising, BP increases, wt gain in general, K+ decreases

53
Q

What occurs in 65% of AIDS pts?

A

Dementia - cognitive confusion and disorientation

54
Q

Removal of a cataract allows for correction of refraction for what type of vision?

A

Distant vision

55
Q

What signifies liver involvement?

A

Yellow casting - jaundice

56
Q

What is an important post-Wilm’s tumor assessment?

A

Measure abd girth - assesses size of tumor

57
Q

What is the purpose of a non-stress test for a pregnant client?

A

The non-stress test is looking for the baby’s heart beat to increase with activity. A favorable result is 2 or more FHR accelerations of 15 bpm lasting 15 sec over 20 min interval

58
Q

What is an important consideration when preparing for a bone scan?

A

Drink lots of fluids between tracer injection and test - time interval 1-3 h; fluids maintain hydration and decrease radiation dose to bladder; void immediately before scan to prevent distention

59
Q

Considerations for crutches

A

Support wt on hand pieces, 8-10 inches in front with each step, arms at 35 degree angle

60
Q

Hemorrhoidectomy concern

A

Lower abd enlarged and dull on percussion - poss. Urinary retention. Occurs b/c closeness of bladder to surgical site and occurrence of rectal spasms and anorectal tenderness; catheterization to empty bladder

61
Q

Phototherapy Considerations

A

Eye patches; loose, green stools and increased UO reflect increased excretion of bilirubin and are possible minor SE; turn off lights to draw blood

62
Q

Low back pain positioning

A

HOB elevated 45 degrees and knees moderately flexed - relieves pressure on sciatic nerve and disk

63
Q

What is noted in scoliosis?

A

Asymmetry or prominence of rib cage and scapulae, curvature of spine; Tx is bracing and spinal fusion surgery

64
Q

What are the manifestations of ALS?

A

Dysphagia and aspiration, fatigue while talking, tongue atrophy, weakness of arms and hands, fasciculations of face, retains bowel and bladder Fx

65
Q

Dumping syndrome considerations

A

Decrease CHO; undigested food is dumped into jejunum, resulting in distention, cramping, pain, diarrhea 30-60 min p eating; causes diaphoresis, diarrhea, and hypotension; eat small frequent meals, increase fat and protein, lie down after eating to delay gastric emptying; avoid high-fiber, no fluids 1 h a, 2 h p meals

66
Q

Risks for prostate cancer

A

Age >50, African American, occupation (urban areas and industrial)

NCLEX-RN (3 decks)

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