NCLEX REMAR QUICK FACTS Flashcards
What is the primary symptom of GERD?
Heartburn (pyrosis)
What tests confirms GERD?
Barium Swallow fluoroscopy
What malfunction allows reflux in GERD?
lower esophageal sphincter
what is the client teaching for GERD?
Low fat high protein diet, take antacids, avoid lying flat after meals
What is the virus that causes AIDS?
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
How is HIV transmitted?
sexual intercourse, direct contact with infected blood/ body fluids ( body fluids- semen, breast milk) HIV mother gives birth to baby
What are the symptoms of HIV
Fever, weight loss, night sweats, diarrhea, fatigue
How is the presence of HIV confirmed?
Screening is done FIRST to see if HIV antibodies are present. The test is performed to specifically identify the HIV antibodies
What is the screening for AIDS?
ELISA
What confirms the screening test for HIV
Western blot
Hos does HIV attack the body?
It attacks the immune system by destroying T-lymphocytes The virus also rapidly self=replicates
What is so important about T-lymphocytes?
T cells help immune system + recognize and fight pathogens
What is another name for T-Lymphocytes?
CD4 cells
What is a normal cd4 count?
500-1500 cells/mm3
The most important medication for HIV/ AIDS is?
Zidovudine (AZT, Retrovir)
Which isolation precautions are used with HIV?
Universal precautions, patients do not have to tell you they have HIV, treat everyone as if they are INFECTED!
What is the definition of ACUTE RENAL FAILURE?(ARF)
Sudden loss of kidney function to excrete toxins and regulate fluids/electrolytes
What are some possible causes of ARF?
Infection, obstruction, shock
What are the three phases of ARF
Oliguric, diuretic, recovery
During the Oliguric phase what will you see?
This phase lasts one to two weeks.
Low urine output <400
hyperkalemia, hypertension, elevated BUN/creatinine
fluid overload
What other two electrolytes will be elevated in the oliguric phase of ARF?
Sodium and potassium
The diuretic phase is second in ARF what will you see?
Urine output slowly returns, hypokalemia, hypotension, BUN/creatinine decreases but still elevated.
What does recovery phase mean?
Kidneys are recovering through a slow process, urine vl & BUN is normal
What is the best diet for a client with ARF?
High carb & low protein
Clients allergic to latex may also be allergic to which foods?
bananas, kiwi, chestnuts
What standard hospital equipment contains latex?
Blood pressure cuffs, gloves, stethoscopes, tourniquets, band aids, and indwelling catheters
What allergy is contraindicated for IV contrast dye?
iodine/shellfish allergy
what is the positioning for post op care? AKA (above the knee) amputation
Elevate first 24 hours, then prone position twice daily to prevent hip flexion
What is the positioning for post op care BKA(below the knee) amputation
elevate foot of bed first 24 hours, then prone position twice daily to prevent hip flexion
What should you encourage with an amputation?
Expressing feelings about lost limb
An aneurysm is a dilation formed at a weak point on the wall of an artery
True
What are the symptoms of aneurysms inside the body?
most aneurysms inside the body have NO symptoms
what sound would be heard on auscultation of an aneurysm
blowing bruit
what are some of the risk factors of an aneurysm
arteriosclerosis, infection (syphilis), smoking, HTN
What is the treatment for an aneurysm?
Surgery-depends on size, strict blood pressure control with medications
What are the signs of a ruptured aneurysm?
Severe pain, nausea, vomiting, tachycardia, decreased level of conscious, hypotension
What is the primary symptom of anorexia nervosa
starvation
what is the perception of the body with anorexia nervosa
distorted
What is the usual personality type of someone with anorexia nervosa
perfectionist, overachievers, low esteem
What is a major cardiac complication of anorexia?
Arrhythmias
What is a majore gynecological complication of anorexia?
Amenorrhea
What is the treatment involved in the recovery of anorexia
small, frequent meals with inpatient counseling and milieu therapy
Commonly seen in what age range? Appendicitis?
10-30
What is the classic sign of appendicitis?
Acute right lower abdominal pain
what are some other signs/ symptoms of appendicitis?
loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, low grade fever
Localized tenderness is found where in appendicitis?
McBurney’s Point
What are the tests used to determine appendicitis?
Complete history and physical exam with WBC it will be elevated
What is the treatment for appendicitis?
Immediate surgery to remove the appendix, IV antibiotics, Semi-Fowlers position, NPO- gut t rest
What is the general treatment for any acute abdominal pain?
NPO status, no heat on abdomen, assess abdominal distention, IV fluid therapy.
Where are most ABG samples drawn from?
Radial artery in wrist
How long should pressure be applied to the site after collecting an ABG sample?
5MIN
What test should be performed before collecting an ABG on a client?
Allen’s Test
Asperger’s syndrome is from what?
Autism
An obstructive airway disease caused by ________ and ________ of the bronchioles?
spasms and inflammation
What are the signs of asthma
Shortness of breath, tachycardia, expiratory wheezes, and possibly a cough.
When will the client experience the cough with Asthma?
At night
What is the primary treatment goal for asthma?
identify the allergens
What medications work best for the treatment of asthma?
Anti-inflammatory, Corticosteroids, Bronchodilators, leukotriene modifiers, metered dose inhalers
Which should you give first- the steroid or the bronchodilator- when treating asthma?
The bronchodilator
Autonomic dysreflexia occurs in clients with what kind of injury?
Spinal cord injury ( T-5 or above)
What can cause autonomic dysreflexia?
Noxious stimuli such as a full bladder or fecal impaction
Why is autonomic dysreflexia so serious?
Life threatening due to clients becoming extremely HYPERTENSIVE
What are the signs of autonomic dysreflexia?
Increased BP 40 mm/Hg, headache, bradycardia, blurred vision, sweating
What should be done during an episode of Autonomic Dysreflexia?
Place client in high fowlers, check bladder distention, loosen clothing
What is the treatment for Autonomic dysreflexia?
Removal of the stimuli, patient needs to void/ bowel movement
What cranial nerve is affected in bells’ palsy
Cranial nerve #7
What does the client with Bell’s palsy suffer from?
Temporary facial paralysis, that affects chewing, eating and closing the eye
What is the treatment for Bell’s palsy?
Wear an eye patch at night, use artificial tears, wear glasses to protect the eye, STEROIDS to reduce edema and swelling
What is the most common infection spread through blood transfusion?
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B
