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NCLEX-LABS > NCLEX REMAR QUICK FACTS > Flashcards

NCLEX REMAR QUICK FACTS Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the primary symptom of GERD?

A

Heartburn (pyrosis)

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2
Q

What tests confirms GERD?

A

Barium Swallow fluoroscopy

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3
Q

What malfunction allows reflux in GERD?

A

lower esophageal sphincter

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4
Q

what is the client teaching for GERD?

A

Low fat high protein diet, take antacids, avoid lying flat after meals

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5
Q

What is the virus that causes AIDS?

A

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

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6
Q

How is HIV transmitted?

A

sexual intercourse, direct contact with infected blood/ body fluids ( body fluids- semen, breast milk) HIV mother gives birth to baby

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7
Q

What are the symptoms of HIV

A

Fever, weight loss, night sweats, diarrhea, fatigue

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8
Q

How is the presence of HIV confirmed?

A

Screening is done FIRST to see if HIV antibodies are present. The test is performed to specifically identify the HIV antibodies

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9
Q

What is the screening for AIDS?

A

ELISA

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10
Q

What confirms the screening test for HIV

A

Western blot

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11
Q

Hos does HIV attack the body?

A

It attacks the immune system by destroying T-lymphocytes The virus also rapidly self=replicates

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12
Q

What is so important about T-lymphocytes?

A

T cells help immune system + recognize and fight pathogens

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13
Q

What is another name for T-Lymphocytes?

A

CD4 cells

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14
Q

What is a normal cd4 count?

A

500-1500 cells/mm3

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15
Q

The most important medication for HIV/ AIDS is?

A

Zidovudine (AZT, Retrovir)

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16
Q

Which isolation precautions are used with HIV?

A

Universal precautions, patients do not have to tell you they have HIV, treat everyone as if they are INFECTED!

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17
Q

What is the definition of ACUTE RENAL FAILURE?(ARF)

A

Sudden loss of kidney function to excrete toxins and regulate fluids/electrolytes

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18
Q

What are some possible causes of ARF?

A

Infection, obstruction, shock

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19
Q

What are the three phases of ARF

A

Oliguric, diuretic, recovery

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20
Q

During the Oliguric phase what will you see?

A

This phase lasts one to two weeks.
Low urine output <400
hyperkalemia, hypertension, elevated BUN/creatinine
fluid overload

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21
Q

What other two electrolytes will be elevated in the oliguric phase of ARF?

A

Sodium and potassium

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22
Q

The diuretic phase is second in ARF what will you see?

A

Urine output slowly returns, hypokalemia, hypotension, BUN/creatinine decreases but still elevated.

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23
Q

What does recovery phase mean?

A

Kidneys are recovering through a slow process, urine vl & BUN is normal

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24
Q

What is the best diet for a client with ARF?

A

High carb & low protein

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25
Q

Clients allergic to latex may also be allergic to which foods?

A

bananas, kiwi, chestnuts

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26
Q

What standard hospital equipment contains latex?

A

Blood pressure cuffs, gloves, stethoscopes, tourniquets, band aids, and indwelling catheters

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27
Q

What allergy is contraindicated for IV contrast dye?

A

iodine/shellfish allergy

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28
Q

what is the positioning for post op care? AKA (above the knee) amputation

A

Elevate first 24 hours, then prone position twice daily to prevent hip flexion

29
Q

What is the positioning for post op care BKA(below the knee) amputation

A

elevate foot of bed first 24 hours, then prone position twice daily to prevent hip flexion

30
Q

What should you encourage with an amputation?

A

Expressing feelings about lost limb

31
Q

An aneurysm is a dilation formed at a weak point on the wall of an artery

A

True

32
Q

What are the symptoms of aneurysms inside the body?

A

most aneurysms inside the body have NO symptoms

33
Q

what sound would be heard on auscultation of an aneurysm

A

blowing bruit

34
Q

what are some of the risk factors of an aneurysm

A

arteriosclerosis, infection (syphilis), smoking, HTN

35
Q

What is the treatment for an aneurysm?

A

Surgery-depends on size, strict blood pressure control with medications

36
Q

What are the signs of a ruptured aneurysm?

A

Severe pain, nausea, vomiting, tachycardia, decreased level of conscious, hypotension

37
Q

What is the primary symptom of anorexia nervosa

A

starvation

38
Q

what is the perception of the body with anorexia nervosa

A

distorted

39
Q

What is the usual personality type of someone with anorexia nervosa

A

perfectionist, overachievers, low esteem

40
Q

What is a major cardiac complication of anorexia?

A

Arrhythmias

41
Q

What is a majore gynecological complication of anorexia?

A

Amenorrhea

42
Q

What is the treatment involved in the recovery of anorexia

A

small, frequent meals with inpatient counseling and milieu therapy

43
Q

Commonly seen in what age range? Appendicitis?

A

10-30

44
Q

What is the classic sign of appendicitis?

A

Acute right lower abdominal pain

45
Q

what are some other signs/ symptoms of appendicitis?

A

loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, low grade fever

46
Q

Localized tenderness is found where in appendicitis?

A

McBurney’s Point

47
Q

What are the tests used to determine appendicitis?

A

Complete history and physical exam with WBC it will be elevated

48
Q

What is the treatment for appendicitis?

A

Immediate surgery to remove the appendix, IV antibiotics, Semi-Fowlers position, NPO- gut t rest

49
Q

What is the general treatment for any acute abdominal pain?

A

NPO status, no heat on abdomen, assess abdominal distention, IV fluid therapy.

50
Q

Where are most ABG samples drawn from?

A

Radial artery in wrist

51
Q

How long should pressure be applied to the site after collecting an ABG sample?

A

5MIN

52
Q

What test should be performed before collecting an ABG on a client?

A

Allen’s Test

53
Q

Asperger’s syndrome is from what?

A

Autism

54
Q

An obstructive airway disease caused by ________ and ________ of the bronchioles?

A

spasms and inflammation

55
Q

What are the signs of asthma

A

Shortness of breath, tachycardia, expiratory wheezes, and possibly a cough.

56
Q

When will the client experience the cough with Asthma?

A

At night

57
Q

What is the primary treatment goal for asthma?

A

identify the allergens

58
Q

What medications work best for the treatment of asthma?

A

Anti-inflammatory, Corticosteroids, Bronchodilators, leukotriene modifiers, metered dose inhalers

59
Q

Which should you give first- the steroid or the bronchodilator- when treating asthma?

A

The bronchodilator

60
Q

Autonomic dysreflexia occurs in clients with what kind of injury?

A

Spinal cord injury ( T-5 or above)

61
Q

What can cause autonomic dysreflexia?

A

Noxious stimuli such as a full bladder or fecal impaction

62
Q

Why is autonomic dysreflexia so serious?

A

Life threatening due to clients becoming extremely HYPERTENSIVE

63
Q

What are the signs of autonomic dysreflexia?

A

Increased BP 40 mm/Hg, headache, bradycardia, blurred vision, sweating

64
Q

What should be done during an episode of Autonomic Dysreflexia?

A

Place client in high fowlers, check bladder distention, loosen clothing

65
Q

What is the treatment for Autonomic dysreflexia?

A

Removal of the stimuli, patient needs to void/ bowel movement

66
Q

What cranial nerve is affected in bells’ palsy

A

Cranial nerve #7

67
Q

What does the client with Bell’s palsy suffer from?

A

Temporary facial paralysis, that affects chewing, eating and closing the eye

68
Q

What is the treatment for Bell’s palsy?

A

Wear an eye patch at night, use artificial tears, wear glasses to protect the eye, STEROIDS to reduce edema and swelling

69
Q

What is the most common infection spread through blood transfusion?
Hepatitis B

A

Hepatitis B

NCLEX-LABS (6 decks)

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