NCLEX PHARMACOLOGY Flashcards
Name some common loop diuretics (these dump potassium, watch K levels.) (4)
furosemide
torsemide
bumetanide
Name POTASSIUM SPARING diuretic (1)
spironolactone
Beta blockers suffix
__olol
ARB suffix
__sartan
ACE suffix
__pril
PPI suffix
__prazole
What is a PPI?
Proton pump inhibitor, decreases stomach acid, most pts are on to prevent GI bleeding and relieve GERD from increased PO med consumption
Aminoglycoside suffix
__mycin.. but not THROMYCIN.
What are heavy duty antibiotics? (umbrella term)
aminoglycosides
What are the best antibiotics for otitis media, sinusitis, strep?
___thromycins.
- erythromycin
- azithromycin
- clarithromycin
Indication for PO aminoglycoside? name the 2
sterilize the bowel
- neomycin
- kanamycin
Indication for IM/IV aminoglycoside?
severe infections
When do you draw trough of a medication?
30 mins before
TYPES OF ANTIBIOTICS
- penicillins (___cillin)
- cephalosporins (cef, ceph___)
- tetracyclines (__cycline)
- macrolides (__thromycin)
clopidegrel
antiplatelet medication
- for those at risk of heart disease and stroke
What antihypertensives are UNSAFE for pregnancy?
ARBs and ACEIs
Common side effects of ACEIs (2)
- cough
- orthostatic hypotension (be careful rising from laying down)
thiazide diuretic?
hydrochlorothiazide
gram negative bacteria is ____ to treat. pink/purple?
HARDER, pink
gram positive bacteria is ____ to treat. pink/purple?
EASIER, purple
What are the greatest risk factors for respiratory depression when receiving opioids for pain control? (6)
- old age
- surgery within 24hrs
- obesity
- snoring
- pulmonary disease
- > 20yr smoking history
What is an expected side effect of opioid mediation?
nausea and vomiting
A client is worried about N/V while taking morphine. What is important for the nurse to share with them?
Tolerance develops quickly with morphine (opioids) and persistent nausea is rare.
NSAIDs are associated with what side effects?
GI toxicity - back tarry stool
Kidney injury
HTN/HF
Bleeding risk
If a medication is high GI toxicity risk or irritating to stomach, what should the nurse recommend the patient to do?
take the medicine with food
What time after administration is an opioids peak effect?
15-30mins after administration
A patient is receiving IV dilaudid every 3-4 hours for pain relief. What intervention should the nurse implement?
Assess sedation level 15-30mins after administration of opioid.
What is the 1st sign of aspirin toxicity?
tinnitus
The effects of narcan/naloxone start to wane at ____ minutes after administered and total duration is approx ___ mins.
20-40mins
- duration = 90mins
A client on a PCA is still having a lot of pain even though they are pushing the button. What is the next action from the nurse?
perform thorough pain assessment
Senna PO works within __hrs.
12
Senna is a _____ laxative.
stimulant
tylenol is an NSAID?
no, idiot.. reduces fever and has a different MOA for pain relief (analgesic + antipyretic)
list some NSAIDS (4)
naproxen
aspirin
ibuprofen
ketorolac/toradol
PT/INR are decreased when on ___ therapy.
warfarin/coumadin
When on LMWH therapy, it is important to assess ___ for ___.
CBC assessment for thrombocytopenia and to monitor for hidden bleeding.
When you are on MAOIs for treatment of depression, you are at higher risk of what?
hypertensive crisis d/t increase in norepinephrine
MAOIs work by___
deactivating the enzyme that breaks down NE, serotonin, and dopamine
Lithium is metabolized by the ___ and should not be given if the patient has the following:
kidneys
- dehydrated
- kidney disease
