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nclex meds Flashcards

1
Q

What is the use of Amlodipine?

A

Hypertension (HTN)

Amlodipine is a calcium channel blocker.

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2
Q

What is a key fact to monitor when using Furosemide and whats used for?

A

Monitor potassium, risk of ototoxicity at high doses

Furosemide is used for edema and hypertension.

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3
Q

What class of medication is Lisinopril and what is used for?

A

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor (-pril)

Lisinopril is used for hypertension and heart failure.

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4
Q

What should be monitored when administering Lisinopril?

A

Cough, angioedema, hyperkalemia

These are potential side effects of Lisinopril.

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5
Q

Losartan belongs to which class of medication and whats used for?

A

Angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) (-sartan)

It is used for hypertension and heart failure.

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6
Q

True or False: Losartan can cause a dry cough.

A

False

Unlike ACE inhibitors, ARBs like Losartan do not typically cause a dry cough.

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7
Q

What is Metoprolol primarily used for?

A

Hypertension, heart failure, angina

Metoprolol is a beta-blocker.

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8
Q

What should you do if the heart rate is less than 60 bpm before administering Metoprolol?

A

Hold the medication

Metoprolol can lower heart rate.

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9
Q

What is the main use of Adenosine?

A

Treat supraventricular tachycardia (SVT)

Adenosine is an antiarrhythmic.

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10
Q

What key monitoring is required when administering Adenosine and why?

A

Monitor with telemetry

Adenosine causes brief asystole to reset heart rhythm.

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11
Q

What adverse effects should be monitored with Amiodarone and what it is used for?

A

Pulmonary/liver toxicity

Amiodarone is used for ventricular dysrhythmias.

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12
Q

Atorvastatin is used to manage which condition?

A

High cholesterol

Atorvastatin is a statin.

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13
Q

What should be monitored while taking Atorvastatin?

A

Liver function tests, watch for muscle pain (rhabdomyolysis)

These are potential side effects of Atorvastatin.

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14
Q

What is the use of Digoxin?

A

Heart failure, atrial fibrillation (Afib)

Digoxin is a cardiac glycoside.

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15
Q

What should be checked before administering Digoxin?

A

Apical pulse, hold if HR < 60 bpm

Digoxin has a risk of toxicity.

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16
Q

What type of medication is Nitroglycerin and what its used for?

A

Nitrate

Nitroglycerin is used for angina.

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17
Q

What key side effect can Nitroglycerin cause?

A

Headache, hypotension

These are common side effects of nitrates.

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18
Q

What is Clopidogrel used for?

A

Prevent clots

Clopidogrel is an antiplatelet medication.

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19
Q

What is a key fact regarding Enoxaparin?

A

No partial thromboplastin time (PTT) monitoring

Enoxaparin is a low molecular weight heparin.

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20
Q

What class of medication is Heparin and give 2 examples of its use?

A

Anticoagulant

Heparin is used for DVT and PE.

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21
Q

What should be monitored when using Heparin and what is the antidote?

A

PTT, antidote is protamine sulfate

Heparin requires close monitoring.

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22
Q

What is the use of Warfarin?

A

DVT, PE

Warfarin is an anticoagulant.

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23
Q

What is critical to monitor when a patient is on Warfarin?

A

International normalized ratio (INR)

Warfarin requires careful monitoring of coagulation levels.

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24
Q

What is the use of Insulin?

A

Diabetes mellitus (DM) 1 & 2

Insulin management is crucial for blood sugar control.

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25
Fill in the blank: Glipizide is a _______.
Sulfonylurea ## Footnote Glipizide is used for DM II.
26
What is a key fact about Metformin?
Does not cause hypoglycemia; risk of lactic acidosis ## Footnote Metformin is a biguanide.
27
What class of medication is Albuterol and what is used for?
Short-acting beta agonist (SABA) ## Footnote Albuterol is used for acute asthma or COPD exacerbation.
28
What should be monitored when using Albuterol and why?
Tachycardia ## Footnote Albuterol can cause increased heart rate.
29
What is Fluticasone used for?
Manage allergies or asthma ## Footnote Fluticasone is a corticosteroid.
30
What is a key instruction for patients using Fluticasone and why?
Rinse mouth after inhaler use ## Footnote This helps prevent oral thrush.
31
What class of medication is Ipratropium and what is used for?
Anticholinergic ## Footnote Ipratropium is used for COPD or asthma.
32
What common side effect does Ipratropium cause?
Dry mouth ## Footnote Anticholinergics often cause dryness.
33
What is Montelukast used for?
Asthma or allergy prevention ## Footnote Montelukast is a leukotriene receptor antagonist.
34
When should Montelukast be taken?
At night ## Footnote Timing can enhance its effectiveness.
35
What is the use of Acetaminophen?
Mild to severe pain, fever ## Footnote Acetaminophen is an analgesic and antipyretic.
36
What is the maximum daily dose of Acetaminophen?
4g/day ## Footnote Exceeding this can lead to liver damage.
37
What is the antidote for Acetaminophen overdose?
Acetylcysteine ## Footnote Quick administration is crucial.
38
What type of medication is Ibuprofen?
Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory (NSAID) ## Footnote Ibuprofen is used for pain relief.
39
What should be done to prevent GI upset when taking Ibuprofen?
Take with food ## Footnote This helps minimize gastrointestinal side effects.
40
What is Morphine used for?
Severe pain ## Footnote Morphine is an opioid.
41
What should be monitored when administering Morphine?
Level of consciousness (LOC), watch for respiratory depression ## Footnote Morphine has a risk of respiratory depression.
42
What is the use of Oxycodone?
Moderate to severe pain ## Footnote Oxycodone is an opioid.
43
What is important to monitor when using Oxycodone?
LOC, watch for respiratory depression ## Footnote Oxycodone is not intended for long-term use.
44
What class of medication is Docusate sodium and what is used for?
Stool softener ## Footnote Docusate sodium is used for constipation.
45
What is the use of Pantoprazole?
GERD ## Footnote Pantoprazole is a proton pump inhibitor (PPI).
46
When should Pantoprazole be taken?
Before first meal of day ## Footnote Timing enhances its effectiveness.
47
What is the use of Alprazolam?
Anxiety and panic disorders ## Footnote Alprazolam is a benzodiazepine.
48
What is a key fact regarding the discontinuation of Alprazolam?
Do not stop taking suddenly- do tappering instead ## Footnote This can lead to withdrawal symptoms.
49
What is Donepezil used for?
Mild to moderate dementia (Alzheimer disease) ## Footnote Donepezil is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.
50
What should be monitored when a patient is on Donepezil?
GI upset ## Footnote This is a common side effect.
51
What class of medication is Fluoxetine and what is used for?
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) ## Footnote Fluoxetine is used for depression and anxiety disorder.
52
What is a key monitoring aspect for patients on Fluoxetine?
Monitor for serotonin syndrome (fever, confusion) ## Footnote This syndrome can occur with SSRIs.
53
What is the time frame for Fluoxetine to take effect?
4-6 weeks ## Footnote This is typical for SSRIs.
54
What is Gabapentin used for?
Seizure prophylaxis or neuropathic pain ## Footnote Gabapentin is an anticonvulsant.
55
What is a key instruction for discontinuing Gabapentin?
Taper off slowly; avoid alcohol ## Footnote Sudden cessation can lead to seizures.
56
What is Haloperidol used for?
Acute psychosis, schizophrenia ## Footnote Haloperidol is a neuroleptic (nonphenothiazine).
57
What should be monitored with Haloperidol?
Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS), QT prolongation, neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) ## Footnote These are potential adverse effects.
58
What is the primary use of Lithium?
Bipolar disorder (mania), schizophrenia ## Footnote Lithium is a mood stabilizer.
59
What is critical to monitor when a patient is on Lithium?
Narrow therapeutic range (0.6-1.2) ## Footnote Avoid dehydration to prevent toxicity.
60
What class of medication is Olanzapine?
Atypical antipsychotic ## Footnote Olanzapine is used for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
61
What side effect should be monitored when using Olanzapine?
Weight gain, metabolic syndrome ## Footnote These are common concerns with atypical antipsychotics.
62
What is the use of Memantine?
Moderate to severe dementia (Alzheimer disease) ## Footnote Memantine is an NMDA receptor antagonist.
63
What potential side effects should be monitored with Memantine?
Dizziness or rash ## Footnote These can occur with Memantine.
64
What is Phenytoin used for?
Seizures ## Footnote Phenytoin is an anticonvulsant (hydantoin).
65
What should be monitored when using Phenytoin?
Therapeutic range (10-20 mcg/mL); watch for gingival hyperplasia ## Footnote Maintaining the correct level is crucial.
66
What is Zolpidem used for?
Insomnia ## Footnote Zolpidem is a sedative-hypnotic (nonbenzodiazepine).
67
What is a key fact regarding the use of Zolpidem?
Meant for short-term use; avoid other CNS depressants ## Footnote Prolonged use can lead to dependence.
68
What is Amoxicillin used for?
Respiratory infections, urinary tract infections, etc. ## Footnote Amoxicillin is a broad-spectrum penicillin.
69
What is a key fact to remember when taking Azithromycin?
Take on an empty stomach ## Footnote This helps enhance absorption.
70
What class of medication is Ciprofloxacin?
Fluoroquinolone ## Footnote Ciprofloxacin is used for various infections.
71
What risk is associated with Ciprofloxacin?
Risk of tendon rupture; avoid in pediatrics ## Footnote Ciprofloxacin should be used cautiously.
72
What is Gentamicin used for?
Serious infections including sepsis, MRSA, and endocarditis ## Footnote Gentamicin is an aminoglycoside.
73
What should be monitored when using Gentamicin?
Ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity ## Footnote These are potential adverse effects.
74
What is Metronidazole used for?
Anaerobic bacterial infections, Clostridioides difficile infection, acne rosacea ## Footnote Metronidazole is a nitroimidazole.
75
What must be avoided when taking Metronidazole?
Alcohol ## Footnote This can cause a disulfiram-like reaction.
76
What is Vancomycin used for?
Serious infections like endocarditis, MRSA, Clostridioides difficile, and respiratory/skin/bone infections ## Footnote Vancomycin is a glycopeptide.
77
What should be monitored when administering Vancomycin?
Vancomycin flushing syndrome (red man syndrome); monitor trough levels ## Footnote This can occur with rapid infusion.
78
What is the use of Methylergonovine?
Prevention and treatment of postpartum hemorrhage ## Footnote Methylergonovine is a uterotonic.
79
What should be avoided when using Methylergonovine?
Hypertension ## Footnote Methylergonovine can increase blood pressure.
80
What is the use of Oxytocin?
Labor induction or prevention and treatment of postpartum bleeding ## Footnote Oxytocin is an oxytocic agent.
81
What should be monitored with Oxytocin administration?
Uterine hyperstimulation, fetal intolerance ## Footnote Close monitoring is essential during labor.
82
What is Levothyroxine used for?
Hypothyroidism ## Footnote Levothyroxine is a thyroid hormone.
83
When should Levothyroxine be taken?
On an empty stomach in the morning ## Footnote Timing enhances absorption.
84
What is the use of Epoetin alfa?
Anemia ## Footnote Epoetin alfa is a biologic response modifier.
85
What should be monitored when administering Epoetin alfa?
Hgb; risk of hypertension ## Footnote Epoetin alfa stimulates red blood cell production.
86
What is Potassium chloride used for?
Hypokalemia ## Footnote Potassium chloride is an electrolyte replacement.
87
What is critical to remember when administering Potassium chloride IV?
NEVER push IV; dilute to avoid phlebitis ## Footnote Monitoring potassium levels and cardiac rhythm is essential.
88
What is Methotrexate used for?
RA, cancer ## Footnote Methotrexate is a folic acid antagonist.
89
What should be avoided when using Methotrexate?
Pregnancy; monitor bone marrow suppression, liver function ## Footnote Methotrexate can have serious side effects.

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