nclex cram Flashcards
Heart Rate
80-100
Respiratory Rate
12-20 rpm
Blood Pressure
110-120/60 mmHg
Temperature
36-39⚬C (98.6⚬F)
RBC
4.5-5.0 million
WBC
5,000-10,000
Platelets
150,000-400,000
Hemoglobin
12-18 gm
Hematocrit
37-54|(Remember 3 x the Hemoglobin)
Sodium
135-145
Potassium
3.5-5.0
Calcium
8.5-10.5
Chloride
95-105
Magnesium
1.5-2.5
Phosporus
2.5-4.5
pH
7.35-7.45
HCO3-
22-26
Co2+
35-45
PaO2
80%-100%
SaO2
95-100%
Acid-Base Balance
ROME|Respiratory Opposite |Metabolic Equal
Glucose
70-110
Specific Gravity
1.010-1.030
BUN
10-20
Serum Creatinine
0.6-1.2 mg/dL
LDH
100-190
Protein
6.2-8.1
Albumin
3.5-5
Bilirubin
<1.0
Total Cholesterol
130-200
Triglycerides
40-50
Uric Acid
3.5-7.5
CPK
21-232
Therapeutic Drug Level: Carbamazepine (Tegretol)
4-10 mpg/ml
Therapeutic Drug Level: Digoxin (Lanoxin)
0.8-2.0 ng/mL
Therapeutic Drug Level: Gentamycin
5-10 mcg/ml (peak)|<2.0 mag/ml (valley)
Therapeutic Drug Level: Lithium (Eskalith)
0.8-1.5 mEq/L
Therapeutic Drug Level: Phenobarbital (Solfoton)
15-40 mpg/mL
Therapeutic Drug Level: Phenytoin (Dilantin)
10-20 mcg/mL
Therapeutic Drug Level: Theopylline (Aminophylline)
10-20 mpg/dL
Therapeutic Drug Level: Tobramycin (Tobrex)
5—10 mcg/mL (peak), 0.5—2.0 mcg/mL (valley)
Therapeutic Drug Level: Valproic Acid (Depakene)
50-100 mcg/mL
Therapeutic Drug Level: Vancomycin (Vancocin)
20—40 mcg/ml (peak), 5 to 15 mcg/ml (trough)
Sodium warfarin (Coumadin)
PT: 10—12 seconds (control). ||The antidote is Vitamin K
INR
0.9-1.2 Coumadin
Heparin
PTT 30-45 seconds |The antidote is Protamine Sulfate
APTT
3-31.9 seconds
Fibrinogen Level
203-377 mg/dL
1 teaspoon (t)
5 mL
1 tablespoon (T)
3 teaspoons (t)|15 ml
1 oz
30 ml
1 cup
8 oz
1 quart
2 pints
1 pint
2 cups
1 gram
1000 mg
1 kg
2.2 lbs
1 lb
16 oz
Convert Celsius to Fahrenheit
F= C * 9/5 + 32
Convert Fahrenheit to Celsius
C = (F-32) 5/9
Fetal Heart Rate
120-160 bpm
Variability
6-10 bpm
Amniotic Fluid
500-1200 ml
Contractions
2—5 minutes apart with duration of < 90 seconds and intensity of <100 mmHg.
APGAR
Appearance (all pink, pink and blue, blue (pale)|Pulse (>100, <100, absent)|Grimace (cough, grimace, no response)|Activity (flexed, flaccid, limp)|Respirations (strong cry, weak cry, absent)||Done at 1 and 5 minutes
AVA
umbilical cord has two arteries and one vein (arteries carry deoxygenated blood and veins carry oxygenated blood)
STOP-Treatment for maternal hypotension after an epidural anesthesia:
- S- stop the pitocin if infusing|- T- turn the client on the left side|- O- Administer Oxygen|- P- push IV fluids
Pregnancy Category A
Controlled studies in animal and women have shown no risk in the 1st trimester, and possible fetal harm is remote
Pregnancy Category B
No risk in animal studies, and well-controlled studies in pregnant women are not available. It is assumed there is little to no risk in pregnant women.
Pregnancy Category C
Risk not excluded. Adequate studies lacking. Chance of fetal harm but benefits outweigh risks.
Pregnancy Category D
Positive evidence of human fetal risk BUT benefits outweigh risks
Pregnancy Category X
Contraindicated in pregnancy
Schedule I Drugs
These drugs have NO accepted medical use in the united states. These drugs have the highest abuse potential (heroin, LSD, MDMA)
Schedule II Drugs
- Drugs have high potential for abuse|- Drugs have currently accepted medical uses, although there may be serious restrictions|- Abuse of drug may lead to severe psychological or physical dependence|- may not be used unless directly dispensed by a practitioner|- refills not allowed –> must write multiple prescriptions at once|- must be stored in a safe, while other schedules can be stored throughout pharmacy
Schedule III Drugs
These drugs may be refilled 5 times in a six month period. These drugs have less potential for abuse/dependence than schedule I or schedule II drugs (codeine, testosterone, ketamine)
Schedule IV Drugs
Requires a new prescription after six months (example Darvon, xanax, valium)
Schedule V Drugs
dispensed as any other prescription or without prescription if state law allows (example antitussives)
Antacids
-oxide||Reduces hydrochloric acid in the stomach
Antianemic
epoeitin alpha (Epogen)||increases blood cell production
Anticholinergics
decrease oral secretions
Anticoagulant
slows coagulation and prevents new clots from forming
Anticonvulsants
used for the management of seizure disorder and treatment of bipolar disorder
Antidiarrheals
Decrease gastric motility and reduce water in bowel
Antihistamines
Block the release of histamine
Antihypertensives
Lower blood pressure and increase blood flow
Anti-infectives
used for the treatment of infections
Bronchodilators
dilates large air passages in asthma or lung diseases (e.g., COPD).
Diuretics
Decrease water/sodium from the Loop of Henle
Laxatives
promote the passage of stool
Miotics
Constrict the pupils
Mydriatics
dilate pupils
Narcotics/analgesics
relieves moderate to severe pain
Rule of Nines
Head and Neck= 9%|Each upper ext= 9%|Each lower ext= 18%|Front trunk= 18%|Back trunk= 18%|Genitalia= 1%
Digoxin(Lanoxin)
Assess pulses for a full minute, if less than 60bpm hold dose. ||Check digitalis and potassium levels
Aluminum hydroxide
Treatment of GERD and kidney stones. WOF (watch out for) constipation.
Hydroxyzine
Treatment of anxiety and itching. WOF dry mouth
Midazolam (Versed)
Given for conscious sedation. Watch out for (WOF) respiratory depression and hypotension.
Amiodarone (Cordarone)
WOF diaphoresis, dyspnea, lethargy. ||Take missed dose any time in the day or to skip it entirely. ||Do not take double dose.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
WOF for signs of bleeding, diarrhea, fever, or rash. ||Stress importance of complying with prescribed dosage and follow-up appointments.||–> PT
Methylphenidate
Treatment of ADHD. Assess for heart related side-effects and report immediately. Child may need a drug holiday because the drug stunts growth.
Dopamine
Treatment of hypotension, shock, and low cardiac output, ||Monitor ECG for arrhythmias and blood pressure
Rifampin
Can cause a harmless orange discoloration of body fluids (pee, sweat, tears). ||They inhibit RNA polymerase. TB can gain resistance by structural alteration of this RNA polymerase to no longer bind rifampin.
Ethambutol
causes problems with vision, liver problem.
Isoniazid
causes peripheral neuritis||take vitamin B6 to counter
Devlopmental Milestones ||2-3 Months
Able to turn head up and can turn side to side ||Makes cooing or gurgling noises and can turn head to sound