NCLEX CH 22 Flashcards
A 66 year old patient has recently been experiencing excessive edema in his feet. The nurse discusses with the patient the dietary changes that are perhaps causing the water retention associated with the patient’s edema. Which electrolyte has the greatest influence on water balance in the body?
Sodium Na+
Which regulatory system is the body’s first line of defense in keeping the pH within normal limits?
Buffers in the blood.
The most accurate method to use in determining water balance in the body is to:
Weigh the patient daily at the same time each day.
A patient is concerned about giving her family adequate amounts of potassium in their diets. She asks the nurse to help plan a meal containing foods with potassium. Which diet contains foods with the most potassium?
Baked chicken, green salad, and fresh fruit plate
The major route of excretion of all electrolytes from the body is via:
Kidneys
Fluid movement in the cells equalizes the ions or the molecules on each side of the semi permeable membrane. The movement of water from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration occurs through:
Osmosis
The largest fluid compartment in the body is the:
Intracellular
Diffusion, osmosis, and filtration are all examples of:
Passive transport
The term used to indicate hydrogen ion concentration in the body is:
pH
The most common cause of hypocalcemia involves a dysfunction of:
Parathyroid hormone
A patient has a positive CHVOSTEK’s sign. The nurse will expect laboratory tests to reveal:
Total serum calcium of less than 8.9 mEq/L
Potassium is responsible for:
Neuromuscular and cardiac function.
Neuromuscular signs and symptoms if hypokalemia include:
Diminished deep tendon reflexes.
Medications to be given when treating hyperkalemia include:
sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate)
When the body senses hypoxemia or hypercapnia, the chemoreceptors in the medulla of the brain-stem respond by:
Increasing the depth and rate of respirations.
