NCLEX 4 Flashcards
frontal lobe?
thought process, affective response to situations, primary motor area, reasoning cognition, and concentration, and form of goals
temporal lobe?
auditory, wernecke area (language comp), interpret sounds, and complicated memory patterns
parietal lobe?
sensory and motor, proprioception, process non verbal expressions, and process taste
occipital lobe?
vision, primary visual center (visual association and memories)
deep breaths with periods of apnea
biot
varying periods of breaths
cheyne-stokes
fast and deep breathing
kussmaul resp
antidotes?
Tylenol = acetylcysteine
Benzos = flumazenil
Cyanide poison = methylene blue
digitalis = digoxin immune fab
ethylene poison = fomepizole
heparin and enoxaparin = protamine sulfate
iron = deferoxamine
lead = succimer
mag sulfate = Ca+ gluconate
narcotics = naloxone
warfarin = phytonadione (vit. K)
removal of air or fluid from pleural space?
thoracentesis
PEDs VS?
Preterm: HR = 120-180, RR = 50-70, SBP = 40-60
NB (0-1 mo): HR = 100-160, RR = 35-55, SBP = 50-70
Infant (1mo-1yo): HR = 80-140, RR = 30-40, SBP = 70-100
Toddler (1-3 yo): HR = 80-130, RR = 20-30, SBP = 70-110
Preschool (3-6 yo): HR = 80-110, RR = 20-30, SBP = 80-110
School aged (6-12 yo): HR = 70-100, RR = 18-24, SBP = 80-120
Adolescents (12+ yo): HR = 60-100, RR = 14-22, SBP = 100-120
Suction pressure setting?
NB and neonates = 60-80
infants and kids (up to 24 mos) =80-100
kids over 24 mos and teens = 100-120
O2 delivery?
nasal cannula: 24-44% FiO2 at 1-6 L/M
simple face mask: 40-60% FiO2 at 5-8 L/M
partial rebreather: 60-75% FiO2 at 6-11 L/M
non-rebreather: 80-95% FiO2 at a L flow high enough to maintain a reservoir bag 2/3 full
Triage?
emergent (red): life-threatening (airway obstruction, CVA, or severe hemorrhage)
urgent (yellow): treat w/in 30 M - 2 H (hypoglycemia, disorient, and large wounds)
non-urgent (green): treatment delayed up to 4 H (strains, sprains, simple fractures, or abrasions)
when to log roll a pt?
any position change, especially acute spinal cord injury, following any surgery
what does amiodarone treat?
V-Fib
A-Fib
V-Tach
monitor TSH levels
typical and atypical clinical feat of a STEMI?
typical: substernal chest pain with gradual onset, pain radiates to arm or jaw, chest pain not relieved w/ rest, and diaphoresis and pallor
atypical: N/V, dyspnea, fatigue and epigastric pain (women and ppl w/ DM)
Burns and thickness?
deep partial thickness: minimum of 2 weeks to heal
full-thickness: excision and skin graft
superficial partial thickness: 1-2 weeks to heal, minimal scar
superficial burns: heal w/in 1 week
stroke warning signs? “BE FAST”
balance (dizzy and HA)
eyes (blurred vision)
face (unilateral facial droop)
arms and legs (weak)
speech
time (seek medical immediately)
drug-disease interactions?
Asthma: beta-blockers
Chronic Liver Failure: warfarin
CHF: CCB, NSAIDS, COX-2 inhibitors, steroids
Epilepsy: TCAs, antimalarials, antipsychotics
HTN: NSAIDS
Parkinsons: COX-2 inhibitors
Renal Failure: NSAIDS, COX 2 inhibitors
Resp Failure: neuroleptics
what is the initial med for SVT?
adenosine
slows conduction time through AV node and restores normal sinus rhythm
what is atropine used for?
bradycardia/asystole, increases HR
what is normal MAP?
at least 60 mmHg w/ ideal being 70 mmHg
pain in different area of body than where the injury or stimulus actually occurred
referred pain
hypokalemia S/S?
lethargy
low/shallow resp
limp muscles
lethal dysrhythmias
leg cramps
lots of U/O
IV K+?
continuous heart monitor, admin via pump, patent and assess for patency b4 admin, and admin max 10 peripherally and 40 in central line.
NO IV PUSH
what do you monitor w/ NGT suctioning?
hyponatremia
when do the anterior and posterior fontanels close?
anterior: between 12-18 months
posterior: around 2-3 months
what is the abnormal protrusion of the eyes that occurs in Grave’s disease (hyperthyroidism)?
exophthalmos
skin and ms structures, sharp, local gnawing, crushing, or throbbing pain
somatic pain
organs and linings of body cavities, poorly local, diffused, deep cramp/pressure
visceral pain
squeeze, crushing, often bc of lack of blood flow or O2 to tissues (ex: MI)
ischemic pain
PNS or CNS abnormal pain, poorly local, shooting, burning, numb, tingling, or shock like pain
neuropathic pain
SBP in the leg?
increased by up to 10-40 mmHg, DBP usually the same
pancreatitis s/s?
cullens sign
hypoactive BS
what electrolyte is abnormal with a subarachnoid hemorrhage?
hyponatremia
hypocalcemia occurs in what thyroid problem?
hyperkalemia occurs in what adrenal problem?
thyroid: cushing’s or hypoparathyroidism
adrenal: addison’s
12 cranial nerves?
1 - olfactory
2 - optic
3 - oculomotor
4 - trochlear
5 - trigeminal
6 - abduccsis
7 - facial
8 - vestibulocochlear
9 - glossopharyrigeal
10 - vagus
11 - accessory
12 - hypoglossal
dopamine therapeutic goal?
increase heart output and admin through CVC
Pulm embolism S/S?
restlessness (hypoxia) = ominous sign
pleuritic chest pain
dyspnea
arises from untreated DVT
normal PP findings?
U/O = up to 3000 mL/day
diaphoresis
increased WBC (up to 30,000)
hct normal 4-6 weeks
1st stool 2-3 days
10-13 lbs dropped and additional 5-8 lb dropped
what does Na+, bicard, chloride, and Ca+ do in the body?
Na+: control and manage of circulating blood volume
bicarb: reg of body acid base balance
chloride: reg body acid base and extracellular balance
Ca+: blood clot, teeth/bone form, nerve impulse transmission, and control muscular CTX
very small underdeveloped L atrium, ventricle, and aorta
HLHS
normal duct in fetal circulation that allows O2 blood to shunt from the pulm artery to aorta and bypass pulm circulation
PDA
pulm artery and aorta switched, 2 separate loops for blood circulation
TGA
what is important to know about thyroid storm?
tachycardia, fever, HTN, and restless
treatment: IV corticosteroids, IV antithyroid, and IV propranolol
care: airway, cool blanket, and heart monitor
hypoparathyroidism electrolyte imbalance?
hypocalemia
schizophrenia S/S?
negative: decreased emotional range (flat affect), interest, and initiative
positive: hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech, and bizarre behavior
what position for removal of CVC?
trendelenburg
causes of hypokalemia?
drugs
inadequate K+ intake
too much H2O
cushing’s
heavy fluid loss
blood flow through the heart?
superior/inferior vena cava – R atrium – tricuspid valve – R ventricle – pulm valve – pulm artery – lungs – pulm veins – L atrium – mitral valve – L ventricles – aortic valve – aorta – systemic circulation
Cushing’s Triad?
set of signs that indicate increased ICP or pressure in brain
widened pulse pressure (increase in Systolic pressure and decrease in Diastolic pressure)
bradycardia
irregular resp: cheyne-stokes
Rule of 9’s?
head = 9%
chest = 9%
upper back = 9%
abd = 9%
lower back = 9 %
R arm = 4.5%
L arm = 4.5%
front R leg = 9 %
front L leg = 9%
back R leg = 9 %
back L leg = 9 %
groin = 1%
