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LVN NCLEX > Nclex > Flashcards

Nclex Flashcards

1
Q

Hyperglycemia

A

High blood glucose

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2
Q

Hyperkalemia

A

High potassium level in blood

Diarrhea, paresthesias & weakness

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3
Q

Hypernatremia

A

High sodium in blood

Poor skin turgor, high temp, tachycardia

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4
Q

Hypercalcemia

A

High calcium level in blood

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5
Q

Parenthesia

A

Sensation of tingling or pricking (pins and needles)

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6
Q

Polydipsia

A

Excessive thirst

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7
Q

Oliguria

A

Abnormal small amounts of urine

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8
Q

Polyuria

A

Abnormal large amounts of urine

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9
Q

Loop diuretics

A

Meds to manage and treat of fluid overload

Ex heart failure, nephrotic syndrome

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10
Q

Aspartate aminotransferase
(AST)

A

Enzyme found in liver

AST is a laboratory test indicates liver function

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11
Q

Orthostatic hypotension

A

Low b/p and lightheaded upon standing

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12
Q

Hypovolemia

A

Body looses fluid, like blood or water

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13
Q

Atelectasis

A

Collapse or part of all a lung

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14
Q

Hyperactive reflexes

A

Increase or overactive reflex response
Ex; ALS

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15
Q

Hypovolemic Shock

A

Emergency which severe blood or fluid loss makes heart unable to pump

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16
Q

Pulmonary edema

A

Too much fluid in the lungs

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17
Q

Hypoxemia

A

Low levels of oxygen in blood

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18
Q

Hematoma

A

A contained collection of clotted blood outside the artery

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19
Q

Dysthymia

A

Improper beating of the heart, whether irregular, too fast, or too slow

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20
Q

Cystogram

A

Fluoroscopic procedure used to examine the urinary bladder

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21
Q

Acrocyanosis

A

Peripheral artery disease

Caused by spasm of the small blood vessels with in the skin

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22
Q

Hypercapnia

A

Increase in particular pressure of carbon dioxide

HA, SOB, seizures, tiredness, mental state

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23
Q

Hypoxemia

A

Low levels of oxygen in blood

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24
Q

Leukopenia

A

Reduction of WBC (glanulocytes)

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25
Q

Thrombocytopenia

A

Low platelet count too low

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26
Q

IV flow rate formula

A

Total volume X. Drop factor

————————————-

Time in minutes

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27
Q

Emphysema

A

A gradual damage to lung tissue

Ex COPD

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28
Q

Pre-eclampsia

A

High blood pressure in pregnancy

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29
Q

Hyperemesis Gravidarum

A

Early pregnancy complication which is severe nausea, vomiting and weight loss

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30
Q

Placenta Abruption

A

Placenta separates from inner wall of the uterus before birth

Sudden abdominal/pack pain

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31
Q

Placenta Accreta

A

Placenta (after birth) grows into the uterine wall during pregnancy

It remains attached

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32
Q

Placenta previa

A

Placenta lies very low in the uterus and covers all or part of cervical opening

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33
Q

Pernicious anemia

A

Low vitamin B12

Causes megaloblast anemia
(Large RBC in the bone marrow)

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34
Q

Addison’s Disease

A

Body does not make enough certain hormones

Adrenal gland makes too little cortisol and aldosterone

Low B/P, fatigue, nausea
Moon face, fluid retention, obesity

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35
Q

Leykopenia

A

Abnormal reduction of WBC specially the granulocytes

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36
Q

Pancytopenia

A

Decrease in all three blood cell lines

Cancer

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37
Q

Anemia

A

Blood produces a lower than normal amount of healthy RBC

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38
Q

Dumping syndrome

A

Group of symptoms such as diarrhea, nausea, light headed and tired after a meal

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39
Q

Antrectomy (Gastrectomy)

A

Removal of the stomach antrum and stomach is reduced

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40
Q

Mas low’s Hierarchy

A
  • self actualización
  • steem
  • love and belonging
  • safety needs
  • physiological needs
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41
Q

Myasthenia gravis

A

Antibodies destroy communication between nerves and muscle

(Droopy eyelid and mouth)

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42
Q

Erickson Stages
Infancy
HOPE

A

Infancy 0-1 year
- Trust and mistrust

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43
Q

Erikson stage
Early childhood
WILL

A

Early childhood
1-3 years
Autonomy vs. shame/ doubt

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44
Q

Erikson stage
Play age
PURPOSE

A

Play age
3-6 years
Initiative vs. guilt

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45
Q

Erikson stage
School age
COMPETENCE

A

School age
7-11 years
Industry vs. inferiority

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46
Q

Erikson stage
Adolescence
FIDELITY

A

Adolescence
12-18 years
Identity vs. confusion

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47
Q

Erikson stage
Early adulthood
LOVE

A

Early adulthood
19-29 years
Intimacy vs. isolation

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48
Q

Erikson stage
Middle age
CARE

A

Middle age
30-64 years
Generativity vs. stagnation

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49
Q

Erikson stage
Old age
WISDOM

A

Old age
65 onward
Integrity vs. despair

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50
Q

Phenylketonuria

A

Rare inherited disorder that causes amino acid phenylalanine to build up

Lead to brain damage

Diet limits protein intake

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51
Q

LOA

A

Left occiput anterior

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52
Q

LOP

A

Left occiput posterior

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53
Q

ROA

A

Right Occiput anterior

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54
Q

ROP

A

Right occiput posterior

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55
Q

LOT

A

Left occiput Transverse

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56
Q

ROT

A

Right occiput Transverse

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57
Q

Diuretic meds

A

Help increase urine, excretion water through kidneys

Called water tablet

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58
Q

Diuretic meds types

A

Chlorothiazide
Chlortgalidone
Hydrochlorithiazide
Indapamide
Loop diuretic
Potassium-sparing diuretic
Thiazide
Metolazone

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59
Q

Anti hypertensive meds

A

Used to treat hypertension

Ex: ACE inhibitors, ARBs, beta blockers, calcium channel blockers &methyldopa

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60
Q

Opioid meds

A

Pain reducing meds

Ex; oxycodone, hydrocodone, morphine

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61
Q

Hypovolemic shock

A

Severe blood or other fluids loss makes the heart unable to pump enough blood to the body

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62
Q

Neurogenic shock

A

Devastating consequence of spinal cord injury

  • hypotension, bradyarrhythmia and temp disregulation.
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63
Q

Septic shock

A

A widespread infection causing organ failure & low blood pressure

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64
Q

Anégale rule

A

Add 7 days to last menstrual day,

Minus 3 months

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65
Q

Dystonic reaction

A

Involuntary contractions of muscles (throat, tongue, neck,eyes, mouth,abdomen, pelvis)

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66
Q

Subjective data

A

Client’s perception

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67
Q

Objective data

A

Perceptive to the senses
(Sight, hearing, touch, smell, taste or measurable data)

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68
Q

Mottling

A

Red and purple spots appear on toes, feet and fingers

Common symptoms near the end of life

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69
Q

Dyspnea

A

Difficult breathing

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70
Q

Thrombolytic therapy

AKA fivrinolytic therapy

A

Use of meds to destroy blood clots or prevent new clots from forming

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71
Q

Dyspraxia

A

Disorder that affects movement and coordination

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72
Q

Dysphasia

A

Impairment of speech

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73
Q

Aphasia

A

Full loss of language
Inability to express and understand written or spoken language

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74
Q

Orthopnea

A

Difficult breathing while in supine position

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75
Q

Hepatomegaly

A

Enlargement of the liver

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76
Q

Peripheral edema

A

Leg swelling caused by fluid retention

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77
Q

Left side heart failure

A

Dyspnea
Orthopnea
Frothy sputum
Crackles

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78
Q

Right side heart failure

A

Edema
Jugular vein distention
Hepatomegaly
Ascites
Decreased bowel sounds

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79
Q

Ascites

A

Pathological accumulation fluid within the peritoneal cavity

Abdomen

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80
Q

Digoxin elixir

A

For heart failure

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81
Q

Lanolin elixir

A

For heart to beat stronger and more regular rhythm

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82
Q

Enteropathy

A

Small intestine disease
Irritation, swelling

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83
Q

Thorazine

A

To treat mental health

Schizophrenia and bipolar

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84
Q

Dilantin (phenytoin)

A

For seizures
Will require more dental visits

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85
Q

Lovenox (Enoxaparin)

A

Injection, blood thinner
Anticoagulant

Treat deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism

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86
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide

A

Diuretic
Treat high B/P & edema

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87
Q

Dyspepsia

A

Indigestion

Abdominal discomfort, bloating or gassiness

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88
Q

Sulfamylon cream

A

Treat & prevent wound infection patients with severe burns

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89
Q

Chelating agents

A

To reduce blood and tissue levels of injuries with heavy metals

To reduce concentration

90
Q

Timoptic

A

To treat high pressure inside the eye

Ex; glaucoma

91
Q

Ménière’s disease

A

Fluids in the inner ear

Vertigo, nausea, vomiting, loss of hearing, HA, sweating

92
Q

Tetralogy of fallot

A

Combination of 4 heart defects

93
Q

Hemophilia

A

Blood does not clot normally

Can take Tylenol

94
Q

Varicella

A

Highly contagious viral infection

Chicken pox

Apply a paste of baking soda & water

95
Q

Hypospadias with chordee

A

Urinary meat is is on the dorsum of the penus
(Underside)

96
Q

Multiple sclerosis

A

Immune system eats away at the nerves

Brain & body communication disrupted

97
Q

Pre-eclampsia

A

High B/P during pregnancy

Pay attention to facial swelling

98
Q

Hypertension

A

High blood pressure

99
Q

Nitroglycerin ointment

A

Treat chest pain by relaxing blood vessels

Apply on hairless area
Remove previous ointment

100
Q

Oxalate renal calculi

A

Kidney stones

Avoid eating rhubarb/spinach/wheat bran

101
Q

Legg-calve perthes disease

A

Disorder of hip joint - temp femoral head loses blood supply, becomes inflated and irritated

Prevent weight bearing of affected leg

102
Q

Hirschsprung’s disease

A

Disease where some nerve cells are missing in large intestine

Can’t move stool

103
Q

Methergine med

A

Treat severe bleeding from uterus after childbirth

104
Q

Calcium gluconate

A

Iv

Treat low blood calcium,
High blood potassium
Magnesium toxicity

105
Q

Aquamephyton

A

IV, IM, and subcutaneous

To counteract the effects of sodium sulfate

106
Q

Sodium sulfate

A

A combination Use to cleanse the colon before a colonoscopy

107
Q

Subcutaneous

A

45 degree angle pass the skin

108
Q

Congnitive disorder

A

Any disorder that impairs normal functions in society if possible w/o treatment

Ex; Alzheimer’s

Recommend client to take part in a reality orientation group

109
Q

Exstrophy of the bladder

A

The bladder develops outside the fetus

110
Q

Vesicoureteral reflux

A

Urine from bladder flows back into the kidneys

111
Q

Epispadias

A

Uretha does not develop into a full tube and urine exits the body from abdomen

112
Q

Oxycodone

A

To treat pain
Schedule II narcotic

113
Q

Cannabis methaqualone

A

AKA marijuana

Central nervous system depressant that acts as sedative and hypnotic

114
Q

Angina pain

A

Chest pain, usually 5 minutes

Caused by reduced blood to the heart

Is relieved by nitroglycerin

115
Q

Naltrexone

A

Hinders pt from feeling pleasure when drinking alcohol or drug abuse

Do not crave

116
Q

Kawasaki disease

A

Causes inflammation in the walls of some blood vessels

Most common in infants and young children

Strawberry tongue

117
Q

Equinus-fixed plantar flexion

118
Q

Iron supplement

A

Take with vitamin C
Ex: tomato juice

119
Q

Dementia

A

Inability to make appropriate decisions or judgments

Memory loss

120
Q

Ativan (Lorazepam)

A

Use to lessen alcohol withdrawal

Produces sedation and hypnosis

121
Q

Methadone (Dolophine)

A

Use to withdrawal from opioids

122
Q

Narcan (Naloxone)

A

Treat narcotic overdose in an emergency situation

123
Q

Antabuse (disulfiram)

A

Treat alcohol abuse by producing unpleasant side effects and sensitivity to alcohol

124
Q

Mankoski pain scale

A

Numerical scale from 1-10

125
Q

Tetracycline

A

Treat infections including acne

126
Q

Data collection & validation

A
  1. Assessment
  2. Planning
  3. Implementation
127
Q

CHF

A

Congestive heart failure

Weakened heart condition that causes fluid buildup in the feet, arms, lungs and other organs

128
Q

Case management

A

Spending time with individual and families to assess social and economic needs

129
Q

Collaboration

A

Cross disciplinary activity in medicine- communication for health needs of pt.

130
Q

Trendelenburg position

A

Supine Head down posture 15-30 degrees

To reduce hypotension

131
Q

Fowler’s position

A

Sitting position 45-60 degrees

132
Q

Supine position

A

Flat on back

133
Q

Prone position

A

Laying on stomach

134
Q

Sim’s position

A

Lying face down leg bend

135
Q

Dorsal recumbent position

A

Lies on back, lower extremities flexed and rotated outward

136
Q

Chlordiazepoxide (Librium)

A

Treat anxiety, alcohol withdrawal symptoms and tremors

137
Q

Lithotomy

A

Surgical removal of a calculus (stone) from the bladder, kidney or urinary tract

138
Q

Coronary artery disease
CAD

A

Build up of plaque. Arteries narrow, limiting blood flow to the heart

139
Q

Botulism

A

Caused by a toxin that attacks the body nerves

Difficulty breathing, muscle paralysis and even death

140
Q

Methamphetamines

A

Can treat ADHD

Can help obese pt lose wt.

Causes seizures, high temp, hallucinations, tachycardia

141
Q

Benzodiazepines

A

Depressant drug

Treat anxiety, insomnia and seizures

142
Q

Barbiturates

A

Depressant drug
Treat seizures, neonatal withdrawal, insomnia, pre operative anxiety

143
Q

Assessing patient

A
  1. Inspection
  2. Auscultation- listening
  3. Percussing - tapping finger
  4. Palpitations - touching
144
Q

Warfarin

A

Oral anticoagulant

Treat and prevent blood clots

Do not consume with vit K

145
Q

Acetaminophen

A

Treat minor aches and pains and reduces fever.

Tylenol

Too much can cause liver damage

146
Q

Ondasetron

A

It can prevent N&V caused by cancer chemotherapy, radiation and surgery

147
Q

Naloxone

A

Opioid antagonist- binds to opioid receptors to block other opioids such as heroine

Treat narcotics overdose

148
Q

Furosemide

A

Treat fluid retention and swelling caused by congestive heart failure, liver/ kidney disease

149
Q

Ferrous sulfate

A

Iron

Treat chronic anemia

150
Q

Greenstick fracture

A

Cortex and periosteum are interrupted on one side of bone but remain okay on the other side

151
Q

Positive chvostek’s

A

Indícates that calcium levels are low

152
Q

Positive trousseau’s

A

Carpopedal spams of hand and wrist

Test: blood pressure cuff left for 3 minutes

Positive- hand draws in but fingers extend

153
Q

Gout

A

Urate crystals accumulate in joint causing inflammation

Form of arthritis, severe pain, redness and tenderness in joints

154
Q

Ileostomy

A

Opening on the belly (right side)

155
Q

Colostomy

A

Artificial opening in the abdomen to bypass damaged part of colon. ( left side)

156
Q

External fixation device

A

Use to keep fractured bones stabilized and in alignment

Outside

157
Q

Jackson Pratt drain

A

Soft plastic bulb w/stopper

Used after surgery to remove oozing and shedding of fluids

158
Q

Respiratory acidosis

A

Ph down and pco2 goes up

Retention of co2 by lungs

159
Q

1 kilogram

A

1000 grams

160
Q

1 gram

A

1000 milligrams

161
Q

1 milligram

A

1000 micro milligrams

162
Q

1 liter

A

1000 milliliters

163
Q

1 milliliter

A

1 cubic centimeter

164
Q

1 meter

A

1000 millimeters

Or

100 centimeters

165
Q

1 teaspoon

A

5 milliliters

166
Q

1 tablespoon

A

15 milliliters

167
Q

1 ounce

A

30 milliliters

168
Q

1 cup

A

240 milliliters

169
Q

1 inch

A

2.5 centimeters

170
Q

1 pint

171
Q

2 pints

A

1 quart or 32 oz

172
Q

1 gallon

173
Q

1 ounce

A

30 milliliters

174
Q

1 pint

A

16 oz or 500 milliliters

175
Q

1 liter

A

1000 milliliters or

1 quart or

32 oz

176
Q

1 grain

A

60 to 65 milligrams

177
Q

15 grains

178
Q

1 kilogram

A

1000 grams

Or

2.2 pounds

179
Q

Fahrenheit to Celsius

A

Subtract 32

Divide by 1.8

180
Q

Celsius to Fahrenheit

A

Multiple by 1.8

Add 32

181
Q

Hemochromatosis

A

Too much iron in the blood

182
Q

Esophagoscopy

A

Check gag reflex

Procedure where endoscopy is inserted

183
Q

Epiglottitis

A

Upper airway infection

Sore throat, drooling, muffled phonation, temp 102

184
Q

Primary ciliary dyskinesia

A

Rare lung disease, caused by defect cilia

Excessive mucus, chronic wheezing, cough and nasal congestion

185
Q

Subglottic hemangioma

A

Large masses in airway

Croup like cough, difficult breathing, stridor

186
Q

Sinusitis

A

Sinuses inflammation

Postnasal drip, runny nose, pain, nasal congestion

187
Q

Anorexia nervosa

A

Unwanted fear of being overweight

188
Q

Broncodilators side effects

A

Tremors, nausea, dry mouth, increase heart rate

Meds that relax airway muscles

189
Q

Bacterial meningitis

A

Inflammation of brain & spinal cord

Assess tenderness of anterior fontanel

190
Q

Negative scarf

A

Preterm infant

Test baby elbow to the shoulder and if is in pain

191
Q

Positive Babinski reflex

A

examiner squeezes the patient’s calf muscle tightly, while monitoring the toes.[1] Response: A normal (negative) response is no reaction at the toes. An abnormal (positive) response is an ipsilateral extensor plantar reflex - extension of the hallux with fanning of the other toes.

192
Q

Periorbital edema

A

Swelling around eyes

193
Q

Hypoglycemia signs

A

Tremulousness
Fast heartbeat.
Shaking.
Sweating.
Nervousness or anxiety.
Irritability or confusion.
Dizziness.
Hunger.

194
Q

Hyperglycemia signs

A

increased thirst and a dry mouth.
needing to pee frequently.
tiredness.
blurred vision.
unintentional weight loss.
recurrent infections, such as thrush, bladder infections (cystitis) and skin infections.

195
Q

Multiple sclerosis

A

nerve damage disrupts communication between the brain and the body

Double vision ( diplopia )

fatigue.
numbness and tingling.
loss of balance and dizziness.
stiffness or spasms.
tremor.
pain.
bladder problems.
bowel trouble.

196
Q

Renal calculus

A

Kidney stones

Gout (increased uric acid)

197
Q

Cimetidine

A

Use to prevent side effects of prednisone ( which produces gastric ulcers)

198
Q

Vastus lateralis muscle

A

Recommended injection site for infant

199
Q

Cytoxan ( cyclophosphamide)

A

Med for nephrotic syndrome patient

To prevent hemorrhagic cystitis (urinary bladder lining becomes inflamed and bleeds)

Pt need extra fluids

200
Q

hemorrhagic cystitis

A

urinary bladder lining becomes inflamed and bleeds

201
Q

Antabuse ( disulfiram)

A

To maintain sobriety

By producing uncomfortable side effects when combined with alcohol

202
Q

Romazicon ( flumazenil )

A

Treat benzodiazepine overdose

203
Q

Dolophine ( methadone )

A

Treat of opiate withdrawal

204
Q

Librium ( chlordiazepoxide)

A

Is a benzodiazepine is to treat withdrawal symptoms from alcohol

Blocks and decrease brain activity to produce relaxation

205
Q

Cytomegalovirus

A

CMV can cause mononucleosis or hepatitis (liver problem).
symptoms affecting the eyes, lungs, liver, esophagus, stomach, and intestines. Babies born with CMV can have brain, liver, spleen, lung, and growth problems

206
Q

Dilantin ( Phenytoin )

A

For seizures

Side effect is gingival hyperplasia

207
Q

Zofran ( ondansetron )

A

Prevents nausea (antiemetic)

208
Q

Drugs to prevent anemia

A

Ferrous sulfate, folic acid and erythropoietin

209
Q

Drugs to promote relaxation

A

Diazepam, alprazolam and chlordiazepoxide

210
Q

Drugs to increase neutrophil

A

Allopurinol, epinephrine, heparin, and corticosteroids

211
Q

Chlorpromazine ( Thorazine )

A

For schizophrenia

Can cause infections- sore throat

212
Q

Oxygen standing orders

A

6L per minute with oxygen via mask

Normally is 30-40% of oxygen at 5-10L/min

213
Q

Acute aspirin toxicity

214
Q

Chronic aspirin overdose

A

Confusion, lactic acidosis and hypoxia

215
Q

Hypoxia

A

Low levels of oxygen

216
Q

Exstrophy of the bladder

A

Position new born on either side

It helps urine to drain

217
Q

Hutchinson- Gilford syndrome

A

Causes quick aging to children = Progeria

Life expectancy 13 years

218
Q

Urine specific gravity

A

1.005 - 1.030

219
Q

Demerol ( meperidine )

A

For pancreatitis pain med

Non opiate analgesic

220
Q

Magnesium overdose

A

Side effect is diarrhea

221
Q

Antacids - calcium and aluminum

A

Can cause constipation

LVN NCLEX (1 decks)

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