NCE Deck Flashcards
Brill
Sublimation -
People work in a socially acceptable way when they would like something socially unacceptable
Krumboltz
Personality is crucial to decision process - Behavioristic model
Aptitude Test
Taken by highschoolers and young college to determine best career
DAT
Differential Aptitude Test = 8-12th grade for college placement
Contrast Effect
A person who is good for a job will not look good if compared with over-qualified applications
OOH
Occupational Outlook Handbook - Compares current trends with salaries etc 800 jobs - updated every 2 years
SOC
Standard Occupational Classification Manuel - Clusters similar jobs together
Leniency/Strictness Bias
A rater will either rate people as really good or really bad but not in the middle
Spillover
Someone does at home what they do as a job
DOT
Dictionary of Occupational Titles - 9 digits
1) First 3 category
2) Second 3 similar tasks 3) Third 3 alphabetized list
SIC
Standard Industrial Classification Manuel - business and type of work
Recency Effect
Rater rates only based on most recent thing done by employ and if that failed or succeeded
GOE
Guide Occupational Information - 14 classifications
Central Tendency Bias
Rater rates right in the middle and does not do anyone high or low
GATB
General Apptitude Test Battery - 12 aptitudes and given by gov
Compensatory Effect
When someone does things out of work that they are not allowed to do in work….librarian will be loud on weekends
Anne Roe
People seek employment to meet a hidden unmet childhood need
Holland
Personality needs to be congruent with career choice - 6 personality choices
AIRSEC = Artistic, investigative, realistic, Social, enterprising, conventional
Differential Validity
A test that is valid for one group but less valid for another
Profile matching
Employer pics a star employee and matches others profile to that one person’s
Decrement
Belief that a person becomes slower or more senile with age
Henry Murray
Career meets person’s current need but can change over time
David Wechsler
Wechler intelligence scale
SII
Strongs interest inventory by Holland, not all personalitieis are cut and dried
Super
Focused on Self and Rainbow theory
Trait Factor Theory
Each person has traits that make them perfect for a job (Structural Theory)
Structural Theory
Same as Trait Factor Theory and was espoused by Parsons and Williams
CF Paterson
Linked with Parsons and Williams
Ginzberg
Career choice is flexible with lifespan
Roe Levels and Fields
Fields = service, business contacts, organizations, technology, outdoor, science, general culture, arts entertainment/entertainment Levels = (of occupational skill) professional, managerial, professional and managerial 2, semi-professional/small business, skilled, semi-skilled, unskilled
Bordin
Unconscious mind in career choice
Parsons
Father of vocational guidance
Willliamson’s Minnesota viewpoint
Uses information gathered from the Minnesota Occupational Rating Skills
Discriminant Validity
?
Robert Rosenthal
?
Neo-Freudians
Alfred Adler, Karen Horney, Erik Erikson, Harry Stack Sullivan, Erich Fromm
- Emphasized social, cultural, and interpersonal relations
Freudian Developmental Stages
Oral - Attachment Evolves Anal Phallic - Oedipal complex occurs here Latency - emphasizes sexuality least Genital - Begins at 12 years old
Konrad Lorenz
Compared humans to wolves or baboons, we all have inborn aggression main imprinting work
issues w/cyber counseling
security of communications imposters records maintenance trust building/transparency contacts for client in case of emergency
Robert Carkhuff
5 point empathy scale
1- Pulls client completely back to rational
3- matches feelings evenly
5- adds significantly to client’s affect and meaning
Lev Vygotsky
Believed developmental stages unfold due to educational intervention
Proximal Development difference of child’s performance without a teaching vs. what child is capable with instructor.
Bandura
Social Learning Consultation Model
People learn from observing others behavior
Self-efficacy theory- what one believes or expects of self is more likely to happen
believed chance factors made a difference
Johari Window
Client brings material in this window to counseling
- Known to self
- Known to others
- Not known to self
- Not known to others
(The bigger the first two then the better a person knowns themselves)
Narrative Family Therapy
Family narratives can be negative and limiting perspectives of themselves and their lives
deconstruction - finds underlying assumptions and suggests different meaning so clients can re-author story
Positive Psychology
Coined by Abraham Maslow
Popularized by learning helplessness syndrome pioneer Martin Seligman
Refers to study of human strengths (ie joy, wisdom, altruism, love etc)
T- Groups
Training group helps individuals express themselves in more expressive manner also called laboratory training groups or sensitivity groups.
Adler
Preface to group movement 1920 w children
Rene Spitz
Studied children who grew up in institution and found they had no mom between 6 and 8 month they cried more had more health problems and difficulty sleeping = Anaclytic Depression
Joseph Wolpe
Theory of reciprocal inhibition
- Person cannot be anxious and relaxed at the same time
- Systematic desensitization = Negative images are paired with muscle relaxation
Piaget’’s Theory of Development
Structuralist Model
Sensorimotor Stage (Birth to 2) - Schema of permanancy and consistancy is here
Preopperational stage (2-7) - aquisition of symbolic schema
Concrete Stage (7-12)
Formal Operational stage (12+)
Piaget’s believed kids in concrete stage learn move from own actions and should have teachers lecture less
Eric Berne
Father of Transactional Analsys (TA) - Not instrumental in Socialpsychology - PAC Parent = Watching our parents fall back to behavior that is familiar it can either be nurturing or controling Adult = logical reactions and respect Child= Fears and felt behaviors
Emile Durkheim
founder of modern sociology
- suicide work
Cultural Pluralism
two meanings
- synonomous with multi-cultural
- certain groups (women, disabled, vets, senior citizens_) have special needs
AMCD
Association of Multicultural Counseling and Development
Multicultural- Celebrating diversity
Gibson
researched depth perception in children using a virtual cliff
William Mcdougall
Father of Hormic Psychology
- Believed in Eugenics, each person had unique tendencies,
- instinct theorist like Freud, Lorenz that Man has the instinct to fight
Donald Meichenbaum
Cognitive behavioral modification, shift from self-defeating thoughts to coping ones
- stress inoculation = practicing positive self-statements
Ludwig von Bertalanffy
General Systems Theory
- Proposed systems theory focused on interrelations and circular thinking
Neurolinguistic Programming
NLP = uses 5 senses to maintain rapport and pace client verbal cues
= examines structure of client language and how it is used to represent daily life
Leadership Styles
Autocratic (Theory X) = REBT Leader exp
Democratic (Theory Y) = Rogers (exp)
Laissez- Faire (Theory Z) =
Autoplastic vs alloplastic
Autoplastic - change comes from within
Alloplastic - client will cope best by altering situational or environmental factors
Role Conflict
Tension between how member is expected to act and how they are actually acting
Social Learning theory
Bandura
Children saw aggression and were more likely to fight
Pictoral Sociogram
Diagram to better understand roles and reactions between group members
Yalom
Curative Group Factors altruism universality existential learning catharsis cohesiveness installation of hope intimate behavior reenactment of family experiences
Daniel Levinson
Midlife Crisis
80% of men experience mild to severe mid-life crisis
the age 30 occurs in when when the become afraid that they will be too late to start something new.
McDougall & Ross
1908 Books helped introduce social psychology in America,
McDougall = Horic psychology = behavior of groups or one person is to reach a goal
Gordon Allport
Kurt Lewin
Individuals w/personalities in a system = behavior
R.K. Conyone
Groupe work is meant to
prevent,
correct,
or enhance behavior
Group Theory
Started because a shortage of counselors during WWII
Horizontal = peer esk (Here and now)
vertical (Intrapersonal = leader leads
Groups are effective but people are sure why
Independent Observer = best way to tell effcitiveness of group
ASGW
Journal for Specialists in Group Work
Jacob Moreno
Coined term Group Therapy 1931
Based off of Vienna theatre groups with cathartic effect
Father of psychodrama
Gerald Caplan
Crisis Intervention movement
3 classes
- Primary - health lifestyle.coping to mitigate struggles of life
- Secondary - reduce severity or length of problems
-Tertiary - more individual longstanding difficulties
George Gadza
Proposed 3 types of Groups
- Guidance = Primary (Preventative) group which is effective education or psychoeducational group
- Counseling = less group structure = leader must have more training
- Therapy = most severe client issues = leader has much training to handle abnormal situations or clients
Maslow
actualization = studied /interviewed best people he could find who escaped the “psychology of the average”.
Erik Erikson
Only psychoanalyst to create developmental theory that encompasess the lifespan
- Trust vs mistrust
- Autonomy vs shame and doubt
- Intiative vs guilt
- Industry vs inferiority
- Identity vs role confusion
- Intimacy vs isolation
- generativity vs stagnation
- integrity vs dispair
Johari Window Principles
- Change one quadrant affects all quadrants
- it takes energy to hide/ deny behavior
- threator mutual trust increase awareness
- smaller the first quad = poorer communication
- universal curiosity about unknown but customs social training, and fear keeps it unkown
- goal of counseling maximize upper left/ minimizes lower right
Career Guidance norms for highschool
Jr. High, Highschool and college want career guidance
- individual it BA earns 10,000 more than one with only a diploma
Career theory norms
Most career theories are based on upper or middle class, heterosexual white males who aren’t disabled
Human Capital Theory
PPL secure training and education for the best income
this doesn’t work when compared with lower income families
Accident Theory
Chance factors that influence career
Status attainment Theory
- Person gets job that is equal to familiy status
- his does not work for in the situation when a low ses to want to be a PHd
Schein
“Purchase” consultation model
“buying” the expert’s advice mode doctor/patient idea
Reciprocal Determinism
Every member of the family effects and is effected by every other member of the family
Existential
Phenomenology = study of direct experiences we have freedom of choice and are responsible for our fate Goal = understanding one's being
REBT
Albert Ellis
Not events but our interpretation of events (Belief system, self talk, crooked thinking )
Reality Therapy
William Glasser - Individuals determine own fate - Choice theory is base - Key concept = take responsibility Robert Wubbolding - W Clent's wants vs needs - Discuss actions and feelings - E self- evaluation of behaviors - Planning to effect change
Gestalt Decision Model
Harry Gestalt
- info fuels decisions
3 systems
1. Predictive= probably actions, alternatives
2. value = one’s performance regarding outcomes
3. decision = rules and criterea to evaluate outcome value = likes/dislikes
Carl Jung
Founded Analytic Psychology Focused on archetypes such as - male and female traits - introcersion and extraversion - therapy is self-discovery and healing - Myers-Briggs is based off of his theory
Alfred Adler
- created individual psychology
- Birth Order and family constellations
- collaborative with client
- counseling looks at dreams and early memories as well
- organ inferiority and trying to overcome it .
