NCE Flashcards
1
Q
What intervention will not help the staff provide better care for a resident with frontotemporal dementia?
A
Transfer the client to a more restrictive facility.
2
Q
What aspects of a graduate student’s presentation fall under acculturation adjustment difficulty?
A
She has struggled to adjust to new cultural expectations for two months.
This indicates difficulty in adapting to a new culture.
3
Q
Which intervention is most appropriate to address a client’s OCD symptoms related to contamination?
A
Utilize exposure and response prevention techniques.
4
Q
Which immediate goal for therapy is not appropriate for a couple dealing with infidelity?
A
Help the couple identify points of resentment related to the current problem.
5
Q
What intervention is most appropriate for a client exhibiting polarized thinking?
A
Use cognitive-behavioral techniques to challenge and reframe these absolute thoughts.
6
Q
What is the importance of using the client’s preferred pronouns in counseling?
A
It helps validate gender diversity.
7
Q
What is the benefit of combining counseling with psychotropic medications for a client with depressive symptoms?
A
Antidepressants may assist with his symptoms as he develops more effective coping strategies.
8
Q
What is the primary goal of humanistic psychotherapy?
A
To help the client self-actualize and grow.
9
Q
What technique would allow members in group therapy to experience universality?
A
Linking.
10
Q
What is the most appropriate first-line intervention for the client experiencing distress?
A
Referral for psychotropic medications.
11
Q
What is the main purpose of establishing a therapeutic alliance?
A
To establish trust, support, and collaboration with the client.
12
Q
Which of the following describes cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)?
A
CBT aims to change behavior by understanding thought processes and patterns.
13
Q
Which aspect of the client’s experience at the party is most indicative of social anxiety?
A
The client expresses feelings of unease about interacting with others at the party.
14
Q
What does an interceptive exposure exercise for a client who experiences dyspnea and nausea involve?
A
Inducing dizziness by spinning.
15
Q
What question should you consider when consulting your supervisor about providing distance counseling to a client?
A
Will this cause harm to my client?
Options include: (A) Will this create any legal implications? (B) Will I be able to fulfill this duty faithfully? (C) Will this cause harm to my client? (D) Will I be able to retain the client?
16
Q
What is the appropriate intervention for an elderly woman with excessive emotional attachment to her possessions?
A
Cognitive behavioral therapy.
Options include: (A) Cognitive behavioral therapy. (B) IPT. (C) Psychoeducation. (D) Hospital Admission.
17
Q
Which of the following is not a harmful effect of cannabis abuse?
A
Decreased risk of suicide attempts.
Options include: (A) Chronic cough. (B) Increased risk of stroke and heart disease. (C) Drug-induced psychosis. (D) Decreased risk of suicide attempts.
18
Q
Which approach would help a client improve their self-talk?
A
Using cognitive behavioral therapy thought logs.
Options include: (A) Providing psychoeducation on anxiety. (B) Meditating. (C) Role-playing. (D) Using cognitive behavioral therapy thought logs.
19
Q
How soon after discharge should a young man who attempted suicide receive follow-up from a counselor?
A
One week.
Options include: (A) Three weeks. (B) Two weeks. (C) Four weeks. (D) One week.
20
Q
Which of the following does not increase the risk of suicide for a sixteen-year-old boy who was caught shoplifting?
A
(C) Asking about suicidal ideation.
21
Q
Acceptance-commitment therapy best addresses which symptom?
A
(C) Lack of motivation.
22
Q
In which scenario can a former counselor ethically provide records during a custody battle?
A
(B) If the court issues a subpoena, the counselor must provide records even without a signed release from either party.
23
Q
What is true about a university student unable to sleep, with racing thoughts and alcohol use?
A
(B) Although she has no family history, she is having a hypomanic episode.
24
Q
Part of an intervention involves systematically disrupting family homestasis by causing unbalances, blocking transactional patterns, and shifting boundaries. What technique of family therapy is this?
A
Structural.
This technique focuses on altering family dynamics to improve functioning.
25
To help your client achieve his goals, you teach him some social skills using cueing and coaching. Which principle of operant conditioning does this method employ?
Discriminative stimuli.
## Footnote
This principle involves using cues to signal the availability of reinforcement.
26
The teacher of a sixteen-year-old notes that he has recently lost interest in school and often appears distracted. He finds it difficult to focus in class and says he is not enjoying much of anything anymore. He sleeps and eats poorly and feels fatigued most days. He denies taking any drugs or committing acts of self-harm, although he admits he has considered both. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Major depressive disorder.
## Footnote
This diagnosis is characterized by persistent sadness and loss of interest.
27
A school invited a pediatric counseling specialist to teach students about bullying. The American Counseling Association (ACA) requirements for lectures include all of the following except:
Completing additional training as an educator.
## Footnote
This is not a requirement for ACA lectures.
28
Which approach challenges clients to interact socially without ritualistic behavior?
Exposure-response prevention.
## Footnote
This approach helps clients face fears in social situations.
29
Which part of a client's history would be a cause for concern in terms of confidentiality and safety?
Thoughts about death and suicide.
30
A husband is concerned about his wife's excessive housecleaning, drinking, and argumentativeness. During a consultation, she is flirtatious with the counselor. This behavior began four days ago. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Hypomania.
31
Which of the following statements regarding obtaining informed consent is correct?
Participants can withdraw consent at any time.
32
A counselor asks a client to 'Imagine that a miracle has occurred and you no longer have these problems.' What technique is being employed?
Solution-focused brief therapy.
33
Your client has been browsing social media at night when he cannot sleep. Seeing other people's happy achievements makes him feel low. How would Adlerian therapy help him avoid using social media?
By emphasizing social interests and goal-directed lifestyles.
34
What aspect of the study is the counselor most likely questioning regarding external validity?
(B) The ability to generalize the findings to adolescents with social anxiety in general.
35
Cognitive behavior therapy utilizes all of the following except:
(C) Exploring subconscious experiences.
36
What is the twenty-seven-year-old school teacher experiencing?
(D) Bipolar disorder.
37
What kind of delusions are noted in the client's mental status report?
(C) Persecutory.
38
What is characterized by a preoccupation with physical features falsely perceived as flawed?
Body Dysmorphic Disorder
## Footnote
Example: Individuals may engage in repetitive skin picking or have impaired social functioning.
39
What behavior involves repetitive skin picking?
Dermatillomania
## Footnote
This is often associated with Body Dysmorphic Disorder.
40
What is a common consequence of Body Dysmorphic Disorder?
Impaired social functioning.
41
What type of preoccupation is associated with body weight?
Anorexia Nervosa or Bulimia Nervosa.
42
What defense mechanism is at play when a husband feels restricted in sexual availability despite his desire?
Reaction formation.
43
Which research design provides the lowest level of evidence?
Case report.
44
What is the attachment style of a person who feels lonely despite strong social ties and exaggerates positive traits?
Insecure attachment.
45
Which research design provides the highest level of evidence?
Randomized controlled trial.
46
What should a counselor do when a client misses several therapy sessions but expresses a strong commitment to continue?
Discuss with the client the importance of attending scheduled sessions and collaboratively explore barriers to attendance.
47
What does introjection refer to in the context of a client feeling guilty for their parents' happiness?
The client has internalized their parents' values and beliefs as their own.
48
What is the primary purpose of using the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS) with a new client?
To evaluate the severity of the client's social anxiety symptoms in social and performance situations.
49
Which approach is NOT appropriate to encourage a teenage client to wash her hair?
Asking her mother or sister to wash her hair during baths.
50
What is hypersomnia?
Hypersomnia is a condition characterized by excessive sleepiness during the day.
51
What symptoms are present in a manic episode?
A manic episode is diagnosed by the presence of euphoria, impulsivity, and increased energy, except for one symptom.
## Footnote
The exception is not specified in the provided text.
52
Which psychosocial intervention uses multiple Post-it Notes?
Reality orientation is the intervention that uses multiple Post-it Notes to increase a client's orientation to time, place, and events.
53
What boundaries defined a client’s family with overbearing parents?
The boundaries defined in the family were likely rigid.
54
What is the purpose of using a genogram in counseling?
The purpose of using a genogram is to map out the client's family relationships across generations.
55
What is the primary goal in treating a client with adjustment disorder?
The primary goal is to alleviate symptoms and improve functioning.
56
Which statement about informed consent is not true?
The statement that is not true is that informed consent can only be established during an intake.
57
The Mini-Mental State Exam assesses a client in all of the following domains except:
Compulsion.
58
A college sophomore fears that she is becoming crazy. What exercise would be most beneficial for her?
Cross a pedestrian zone with a friend.
59
What is the main purpose of self-disclosure when counseling?
To build rapport and trust between the counselor and the client.
60
Which of the following is true of guardianship law?
It requires convincing proof that a ward cannot manage their affairs.
61
The principle of veracity refers to which of the following?
The counselor's duty to be honest in communications with clients.
62
Which aptitude test can help a client who has recently achieved sobriety find a suitable career?
The O*Net Interest Profiler.
63
What would be an effective way for a client to reframe her daughter's feelings?
My actions hurt her, but I am taking steps to reconnect with her.
64
What would an evidence-based safety plan include for a client with strong suicidality?
A list of social supports to access when she feels suicidal.
65
What is an appropriate response to stonewalling behavior?
Listening with empathy.
66
The principle of justice includes which of the following?
Ensuring clients have access to counseling services.
67
Which of the following best distinguishes psychiatry from other mental health professions?
Psychiatrists are medical doctors who can prescribe medication.
68
What technique would you employ next to facilitate the recognition of significant themes after conflict processing?
Summarization.
69
What is the most appropriate action for a counselor when a client reveals concerns about credit card debt?
Refer the client to a qualified financial advisor for specialized assistance.
70
What should a counselor do if a client with Alzheimer's dementia has achieved treatment goals but still has memory impairment?
Refer her to a specialist who can address her memory concerns.
71
What is a key characteristic of social anxiety disorder?
Fear of scrutiny or judgment by others.
72
What best describes cognitive defusion?
It deals with separating oneself from thoughts.
73
Which intervention is most supported by research for treating major depressive disorder?
Implement cognitive-behavioral therapy techniques.
74
What is the most effective approach for addressing a client's self-harm behavior?
Embrace an underlying issues reduction approach to gradually decrease the behavior.
## Footnote
Options (A), (C), and (D) are less effective.
75
How should a counselor manage a client's requests to extend therapy sessions?
Politely decline and remind the client to stay within the scheduled session time.
## Footnote
Options (A), (C), and (D) are not recommended.
76
What abnormal sleep pattern is a middle-aged lawyer likely experiencing if he has pervasive sadness and disrupted sleep for eight weeks?
Early waking after initial sleep.
## Footnote
Options (A), (B), and (D) are less likely.
77
Which action should not be considered if a counselor suspects their client is intoxicated during the session?
Terminating counseling altogether.
## Footnote
Options (A), (B), and (C) may be considered.
78
What best describes pressured speech?
Speaking at a rapid pace without pauses.
## Footnote
Options (B), (C), and (D) do not accurately describe pressured speech.
79
What is a likely contributing factor to a negative therapeutic outcome?
A lack of rapport and trust between the counselor and the client.
80
Which therapeutic approach is most supported by research for managing ADHD symptoms in children?
Apply behavioral therapy techniques to modify specific behaviors.
81
What tool helps determine how each individual expresses and receives love in a couple's counseling?
The Love Language Quiz.
82
Which criteria-referenced modality best measures progress for up to three behaviors?
The Goal Attainment Scale.
83
How should a counselor respond to a client's mother requesting an update on her daughter's progress?
I am not at liberty to disclose any information about any client without a release.
84
Which option best describes agoraphobia according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders?
D) Fear of being trapped and unable to escape from a situation.
85
What is an important consideration when determining a client's level of care?
A) Medical necessity.
86
Which of the following statements does not accurately distinguish substance abuse from a mental disorder?
C) Substance abuse symptoms persist beyond a month after stopping the drug.
87
A client's mother expresses conflicting thoughts about counseling because it is viewed as a weakness in her community. How would you engage her participation in the care of the client?
B) Recognize the intersectionality of each person's privileges and marginalization.
88
Social learning principles are applied in behavioral management for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Which option is a component of this approach?
A) Modeling.
89
Which theoretical approach helps a counselor conduct an ethically sound practice when their core values are inconsistent with a client's?
Rational emotive behavior therapy.
90
A counselor is working with a client who is experiencing significant stress due to ongoing conflicts with their sibling. Which of the following interventions is most appropriate for helping the client cope with sibling-related stress?
Encourage the client to express their feelings directly to their sibling in a healthy manner.
91
Which trait refers to viewing a client as the expert about things related to them and warmly accepting their stage in life?
Unconditional positive regard.
92
Your forty-five-year-old client is dealing with anxiety related to a career change. He was a marketing manager for seventeen years when he decided to pursue software development. He is nearing the end of his internship at an IT company where he feels like an errand boy. He expresses that the job 'is really for younger people.' Given his limited background and age, he is anxious about job security and wants a better position. What is your client currently experiencing according to Schlossberg's transition model?
Expected transition.
93
Which statement about the legal and ethical use of a personality inventory in screening prospective employees is incorrect?
It violates antidiscrimination laws by isolating individuals of a particular group.
94
How long must a client experience depressive symptoms to constitute major depressive disorder?
Two weeks.
95
What is a potential benefit of cognitive behavioral therapy?
It will teach clients practical skills for managing thoughts and emotions.
96
What might explain the feeling of anger after noticing a clique whispering and giggling at a client's struggles?
Countertransference.
97
Which homework would be useful for a client with an eating disorder?
Keep daily food logs.
98
What should be considered before comforting a client with a hug during an intake?
It is inappropriate to touch a client beyond a handshake.
99
Can a client resume sessions if symptoms return?
Counseling can continue indefinitely.
## Footnote
There are no ethical issues associated with resuming a counseling relationship.
100
What aspect of a mental status examination may show derangement in a client with autism?
Eye contact.
## Footnote
Other aspects include hallucination, appearance, and recall.
101
What can a counselor offer a client with no insurance who cannot afford counseling?
An adjusted rate based on a sliding scale.
## Footnote
Other options include referrals to pro bono services or no accommodation.
102
What exercise should couples engage in during narrative therapy?
Each individual writes their narrative, and a counselor guides them through rewriting in a positive light.
## Footnote
Other options include reading different books, writing their story together, or narrating childhood experiences.
103
What distinguishes oppositional defiant disorder from conduct disorder?
Emotional dysregulation.
## Footnote
Other distinguishing factors include vandalism, disregard for authority, and cruelty to small animals.
104
Which of the following is an important consideration when confirming a diagnosis of substance abuse?
The presence of withdrawal symptoms.
105
What differential diagnosis should be ruled out before diagnosing a client with an adjustment disorder?
Alcohol abuse.
106
Which positive reinforcement strategy should a counselor recommend to parents to apply when their child becomes angry and frustrated over a video game?
Offer praise when the child responds appropriately to the game.
107
Which of the following is not an important element of sleep hygiene for a 29-year old person?
Sleeping for ten to twelve hours.
108
When treating a client with generalized anxiety disorder, which of the following approaches is most supported by research for effectively managing anxiety symptoms?
Use relaxation and mindfulness techniques as part of therapy.
109
What is a probable comorbid diagnosis for a client in a heroin detox program who has dealt with anxiety throughout most of his life?
Generalized anxiety disorder.
110
Which technique is most effective for a client struggling with frequent and intense episodes of anger?
Teach the client cognitive restructuring techniques to change anger-inducing thoughts.
111
What cognitive bias is demonstrated by a client who attributes their successes to their own abilities but blames external factors for their failures?
Self-serving bias.
112
How would a constructionist assist a homosexual client in dealing with shame regarding their sexuality?
By creating a narrative focused on strengths and affirming their community experience.
113
What is the likely outcome of using the concept of 'dredging' in therapy?
It can cause re-traumatization and a breakdown in the therapeutic alliance.
114
What intervention is most effective for helping survivors of domestic abuse in the recovery process?
Assist the client with developing a safety plan and accessing community resources.
115
What is correct regarding the release of progress notes to a probation officer for a court-ordered client?
The client must sign a release for the counselor to share information with the probation officer.
116
What parental approach is most beneficial for a divorced couple with three children who cannot tolerate each other?
Parallel.
117
How should a counselor proceed if an adult college student on the autism spectrum decides not to sign the informed consent?
End the intake to honor the client's autonomy.
118
Which statement exhibits an empathic response to a client's concerns?
"I understand that your upcoming examinations are worrisome."
119
Which of the below symptoms are direct indications of psychosis?
Delusions of persecution and auditory hallucinations.
120
What must be obtained in order to proceed with counseling for a seventeen-year-old client?
Written consent from a legal custodian.
121
How should a counselor respond to a former client who presents a sculpture as a token of gratitude?
Accept the gift but explain that reciprocation is prohibited.
122
Which step must be taken to provide a holistic approach to a client's recovery?
Follow up regarding the client's medications and reactions to them.
123
What element of cognitive behavioral therapy should be used to search for alternative explanations for a client's delusions?
Inference chaining.
124
How did you violate ethical guidelines?
Self-referral is prohibited unless an agency explicitly allows it.
## Footnote
(A) Self-referral is prohibited unless an agency explicitly allows it.
125
Which symptom is most critical to recognize in a client experiencing alcohol withdrawal?
Symptoms of delirium tremens, such as severe confusion and hallucinations.
## Footnote
(C) Symptoms of delirium tremens, such as severe confusion and hallucinations.
126
What is a short-term goal for a client who is unhappy at work and has felt sad for most of the last two years?
Improve hygiene.
## Footnote
(B) Improve hygiene.
127
What instrument would a counselor use to assess a client's drinking behaviors?
CAGE (Cut down, Annoyed, Guilty, Eye-opener).
## Footnote
(B) CAGE (Cut down, Annoyed, Guilty, Eye-opener).
128
How can a counselor help improve a client's self-esteem during therapy?
Set achievable goals and celebrate successes.
## Footnote
(D) Set achievable goals and celebrate successes.
129
What cognitive error is the client displaying when he says his wife is selfish and ignores her attempts to find activities for them?
Using a mental filter.
## Footnote
The client is focusing only on negative aspects of his wife's behavior.
130
Which response best reflects empathy when a client shares that his parents failed to show him affection?
"I can imagine how difficult it was to share that. It is hard to have unaffectionate parents."
## Footnote
This response acknowledges the client's feelings and validates his experience.
131
Which of the following supports a diagnosis of conduct disorder?
Setting fire to another individual's property.
## Footnote
This behavior is a clear indicator of conduct disorder.
132
What best defines the client's tendency to blame others to avoid consequences after lying about child abuse allegations?
Escape.
## Footnote
The client avoids facing the consequences of his actions by shifting blame.
133
What approach would help a counselor understand a transgender client's experience of prejudice and exclusion?
Using intersectionality to view their contextual manifestations.
## Footnote
This approach considers the various social identities and their impact on the client's experience.
134
Which of the following symptoms is not an indication of borderline personality disorder?
Grandiosity.
## Footnote
(C) Grandiosity is not typically associated with borderline personality disorder.
135
Which of the following activities will not support an adopted client's attachment to their adoptive parents?
Create a reward system to reinforce the child's positive behaviors.
## Footnote
(D) This activity may not directly support attachment.
136
To help a client create self-affirmations to combat anxiety about her daughter's wedding, the counselor must first help her:
Identify her core values.
## Footnote
(A) Understanding core values can aid in developing self-affirmations.
137
Which of these strategies will help a client uplift their low mood?
Behavioral activation.
## Footnote
(D) This strategy is effective in improving mood.
138
In a therapeutic group setting, how should a facilitator manage a member who dominates conversations?
Redirect the conversation to include other members and set clear ground rules.
## Footnote
(C) This approach promotes inclusivity and structure.
139
How can a counselor address a university student's concentration difficulties and procrastination?
By developing a plan to address specific challenges.
140
What approach should a counselor prioritize for a client experiencing workplace harassment?
Assist the client so they understand their rights and explore options such as reporting to HR or seeking legal counsel.
141
If a client's neuropsychology test scores are one standard deviation above average, what percentile does this place the client in?
Eighty-fourth.
142
What is the term for the incremental exposure to increasing levels of fear-provoking situations to help reduce avoidance behaviors?
Graded exposure.
143
What is a probable comorbid diagnosis for a client recovering from opioid abuse who has dealt with anxiety most of his life?
Generalized anxiety disorder.
144
What would indicate that a client suffering from anorexia is ready for termination?
She reports no more symptoms of her eating disorder.
145
What does Aaron Beck attribute distorted cognitions to?
An individual's views of himself, the world, and his future.
146
Systematic theory focuses on which of the following aspects?
The dynamics within a client's family and social systems.
147
A client worries that her condition is affecting her grades. After a release form is signed, the advocating counselor should discuss the client's provisional diagnosis with whom?
The teachers of her morning classes to see if they can extend deadlines.
148
A married couple seeks counseling to address the wife's recent infidelity. Which of the following evaluations would be useful for this couple?
The Dyadic Adjustment Scale.
149
In order to make a panic disorder diagnosis, what should be confirmed?
That the client fears having another panic attack.
150
A counselor is distracted due to a personal matter that occurred earlier in the day. What is the most appropriate way for the counselor to prevent their distraction from affecting a client's well-being?
Maintain awareness of how personal issues impact sessions and refocus when necessary.
151
Which of the following is not an appropriate reason for a counselor to refer a client to another counselor?
The counselor and client have different political opinions.
152
What are the spheres of orientation?
Time, place, person, and situation.
153
When counseling a client who is dealing with job loss, which of the following approaches is most effective for supporting their emotional and psychological well-being?
Help the client process feelings of grief and loss.
154
Which behavior of a client with obsessive-compulsive disorder is ritualistic?
Repeatedly washing dishes.
155
Why does the counselor teach the principles of sleep hygiene to the thirty-year-old?
To improve sleeping habits.
156
What is the focus of motivational interviewing?
Facilitating an internal motivation to change.
157
What does the Imago Dialogue exercise demonstrate when one partner says, 'What I am hearing is...'?
Empathy.
158
What is the purpose of asking a client, 'What reasons do you have for staying alive?'?
To determine protective factors.
159
What cognitive distortion is demonstrated by the successful entrepreneur worrying about income despite her achievements?
Disqualifying positives.
160
Why does someone with autism benefit from group therapy?
Group norms are established and reinforced as a group evolves.
## Footnote
Universality creates emotional bonds within the group, group solidarity promotes intimacy, and social skills training improves socio-emotional reciprocity.
161
What might influence a counselor's clinical judgment when confirming a diagnosis of substance abuse?
Confirmation bias.
## Footnote
Other options include selection bias, Hawthorne effect, and overconfidence.
162
What describes non-suicidal self-injury?
An irresistible urge to cause self-harm in order to detach from distress.
## Footnote
Other options include causing harm to end a distressing feeling permanently, an irresistible urge to cause harm to others, and constant contemplation of ending one's life.
163
What ethical violation might occur when mediating a conflict between a therapy client and their spouse?
You breach Travis's right to confidentiality.
## Footnote
Other options include that there is no violation due to implied consent or the counselor's role in de-escalating conflict.
164
Which technique involves asking the client a series of questions to identify their thought process?
The downward arrow.
## Footnote
Other options include cognitive restructuring, solution-focused brief therapy, and radical acceptance.
165
When counseling a client who is grieving the loss of a loved one, which therapeutic approach is most appropriate?
Support the client with expressing their feelings and memories about the loved one.
166
When working with a client coping with the aftermath of a divorce, which intervention is most effective for their emotional well-being?
Facilitate the exploration of feelings of loss, change, and rebuilding one's self-identity after divorce.
167
A client signs a release allowing her counselor to share her data with her general physician. What information must be shared?
The minimum information needed.
168
Which psychomotor activity is commonly associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder?
Fidgeting.
169
All of the following settings are conducive to group counseling sessions except:
When seats are positioned directly in front of other group members.
170
Which statement is correct about the client's relationship with his mother?
They are in an enmeshed subsystem.
## Footnote
The son serves as his mother's primary caregiver following her cancer diagnosis.
171
Which tool did you use to understand your client's concerns?
The Adult Self-Report.
## Footnote
The client reports his own adaptive function, issues, and substance use.
172
Which stage does a client reflect when aware of health risks and begins to change?
Preparation.
## Footnote
The client is taking steps to change her condition.
173
In which scenario should a client's records not be shared?
When the client experiences an intent to harm.
## Footnote
This is a situation where confidentiality must be maintained.
174
What ethical principle have you violated by extending session time without justification?
Equity.
## Footnote
All other clients pay the standard rate.
175
What should the counselor's provisional diagnosis be for a first-time parent’s toddler who is not developing like other children?
Global development delay.
## Footnote
The child shows limited social interaction and developmental delays.
176
What type of delusion does a client present if he believes he has lesions from scratching tick bites that cannot be seen?
Somatic.
## Footnote
The client reports physical symptoms without a medical basis.
177
What is the main purpose of formulating treatment goals in collaboration with the client?
It validates the client's issues and establishes hope.
## Footnote
Collaborative goal-setting enhances client engagement.
178
Which option represents an individual's lack of control over a substance despite the apparent harm it causes?
Addiction.
## Footnote
Addiction is characterized by compulsive substance use.
179
How does the consumption of pornography strain a marriage?
Creating a deep emotional bond by watching pornography together.
## Footnote
This option does not represent a strain on the marriage.
180
What strategies can help a client develop a support system to manage responsibilities as a caregiver?
Mindfulness meditation, Relaxation techniques, Assertiveness training, Problem-solving skills training.
181
What is a limitation of psychodynamic therapy?
The process may take longer than other approaches, The therapist may struggle to establish a therapeutic alliance, The client may resist exploring their unconscious conflicts, Providing concrete solutions to the client's problems may be difficult.
182
Which theorist highlights the role of social interactions in psychological development?
Vygotsky.
183
What would best help a neurosurgeon manage intense feelings of aggression?
Impulse control.
184
What is a disadvantage of excessive reliance on self-report questionnaires in therapy?
Clients may depict themselves inaccurately.
185
In a research study conducted by a counselor, what is the most important factor that will ensure the effectiveness and reliability of surveys?
Ensure that the survey questions are clear, unbiased, and relevant.
186
Which theory assumes that an individual's childhood experience discourages them from achieving 'fictional finalism' through socially acceptable means?
Adlerian.
187
Which option below does not characterize the restricting type of anorexia?
Overuse of laxative drugs and enemas.
188
Which screening tool measures the severity of depression in adolescents?
The Patient Health Questionnaire-9.
189
Which option below is not part of the four domains where existential suffering may manifest?
Capacity.
190
What stage of attachment has been achieved when a child learns to regrate to and negotiate with their primary caregivers' motivations and actions?
Clear-cut
## Footnote
A child can tolerate separation and seek comfort from mental representations.
191
Which of the below options is not associated with an increased risk of suicide in older adults?
Having adequate control of physical pain
192
When counseling an adult client who is coping with the long-term effects of growing up with abusive parents, which therapeutic approach is most effective?
Facilitate the exploration of the impact of this abuse on their current relationships.
193
What occurs during the asocial stage of attachment according to Schaffer and Emerson?
An infant responds to pleasant stimuli from humans and objects alike.
194
What kind of group interaction occurs when two or three members of a group develop a stronger bond than the rest?
Clique
195
What is gender identity?
An individual's idea of being male, female, or other.
## Footnote
Additional aspects include expression of gender and congruence or incongruence between gender, sex, and expression.
196
How is consent obtained from a client whose mental faculties are compromised?
Obtain consent from the client's next of kin.
## Footnote
It is important to consider the client's mental status when obtaining consent.
197
When is it appropriate for a counselor to consider ending a session early?
If the counselor feels the session is not being productive.
## Footnote
Ending a session may also be appropriate when the client becomes distressed or risks harming themselves or others.
198
What is a sign that a client is experiencing rumination?
A client constantly questions her decisions and experiences guilt associated with her past reactions.
## Footnote
This behavior is characterized by repetitive and persistent thoughts.
199
How might a counselor respond to a group member expressing strong negative opinions?
I think you are avoiding an opportunity to learn about handling disagreements.
## Footnote
This response encourages constructive conflict resolution rather than scapegoating.
200
When counseling minors, which of the following is an ethical consideration?
Obtain informed consent from parents or guardians, while considering the minor's perspective and confidentiality.
201
Which approach for treating agoraphobia is based on the assumption that carbon dioxide levels can be restored by taking control and breathing slowly?
Capnometry-assisted respiratory therapy.
202
A client complains that he intends to silence his girlfriend regarding his drug problem. What is the counselor's best response?
Determine the client's capacity to act on this threat.
203
After a few focused sessions dealing with traumatic experiences, a counselor may shift the client's focus to a less sensitive subject. This is known as a:
A step-back session.
204
Why is it important for a counselor to be aware of a client's medical history?
To understand potential medical influences on the client's mental health and tailor counseling approach accordingly.
205
What treatment modality was used for the engineer diagnosed with depression?
Cognitive behavioral therapy.
## Footnote
The therapeutic plan involves recognizing distortions in perception of reality.
206
According to Vygotsky's Sociocultural Development Theory, what is a key factor in a child's cognitive development?
Social interaction and cultural context in which a child is raised.
207
What are the components of evidence-based therapeutic approaches?
The counselor's expertise, the client's culture, and unbiased evidence.
208
Which of the following behaviors is ritualistic for the eighteen-year-old male?
Repetitively looking at his pocket mirror.
209
What action is appropriate for a counselor when an eight-year-old client shows no interest during a therapy session?
Inquire about what she is playing.
210
Which therapeutic approach will help treat bulimia nervosa?
Implement CBT to address dysfunctional behaviors related to food and body image.
211
What is an important point of discussion when obtaining informed consent from a couple in counseling?
Confidentiality.
212
How should a counselor manage a client's suicide risk when he has suicidal ideations but no plans to attempt suicide?
Work on a safety plan.
213
What is the term for the incongruence between gender expression and assigned gender when a young man feels more at ease wearing his girlfriend's clothes?
Gender dysphoria.
214
What would the counselor ask the client who rated his confidence at a five?
What would it take to get to a ten?
## Footnote
This is option (C) from the scenario.
215
Which of the following is not a focus of a termination session?
To encourage the continuation of therapeutic changes.
## Footnote
This is option (A) from the options provided.
216
Which clues in a client's history point to a diagnosis of bipolar disorder?
He indicates that there are times when he feels as if he has unlimited energy.
## Footnote
This is option (B) from the clues listed.
217
What response displays the use of the vertical arrow modality when processing a client's feelings about infidelity?
If that is true, then what does the future of your marriage look like?
## Footnote
This is option (A) from the responses.
218
What is the purpose of developing a safety plan with a client at risk of self-harm or suicide?
To identify triggers, coping strategies, and support networks to prevent self-harm.
## Footnote
This is option (B) from the purposes listed.
219
Which curative factor according to Yalom does group therapy provide for a client with schizophrenia who feels less lonely?
Universality.
220
What modality does acceptance and commitment therapy pair with behavior therapy for a client with an obsessive compulsive personality?
Mindfulness.
221
How is a brief psychotic episode different from schizophrenia?
Its duration is less than a month.
222
What is a client with body dysmorphic disorder displaying if she believes she is unlovable because of her defects?
A core belief.
223
Which of the following is not a CAGE alcohol screening question?
"Have you ever needed a drink to relieve stress and go to sleep?"
224
What is the purpose of asking a client to draw a clock that indicates a particular time?
To assess the severity of dementia.
## Footnote
This test can help evaluate cognitive function related to time orientation.
225
What type of disorganized speech is displayed when a client responds with unrelated statements?
Loose associations.
## Footnote
This indicates a lack of logical connection between thoughts.
226
When is self-disclosure by the counselor considered appropriate and beneficial?
When self-disclosure is used judiciously to strengthen the therapeutic alliance.
## Footnote
It should not be frequent or self-serving.
227
What is the most critical action for a counselor when counseling a child suspected of being a victim of abuse?
Report the suspicion of abuse to the appropriate authorities as mandated by law.
## Footnote
This is crucial for the child's safety and legal requirements.
228
Which factor puts an individual at risk of developing depression, anxiety, substance abuse issues, and eating disorders?
Experiencing perfectionism and obsessive traits.
## Footnote
These traits can lead to significant mental health challenges.
229
Which of the following is a fundamental principle of humanistic theory?
The emphasis on the client's subjective experience and potential for self-actualization.
230
An infant born to a teenage mother develops a strong bond with his aunt, who has already mothered two children. Schaffer and Emerson describe this phenomenon as:
Sensitive responsiveness.
231
Which cognitive behavioral therapy approach can help a client with obsessive-compulsive disorder reduce their need to perform time-consuming rituals?
Exposure and response prevention therapy.
232
What is a key principle of cognitive theory?
Emotional and behavioral problems are largely driven by irrational beliefs.
233
You observe a five-year-old client in her home. The child's mother leaves the room, then her uncle enters and expresses surprise at seeing you. You introduce yourself, and he asks what you are doing there. What would an ethical response be?
I am sorry, but I cannot answer your question without your sister's consent.
234
What symptoms should be measured in a client found roaming around town, talking to himself, and screaming at people?
The severity of auditory hallucinations, diminished speech, social isolation, and avolition.
## Footnote
Use the Scales for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms.
235
What is the likely diagnosis for a middle-aged client with low mood, low energy, and work pressure?
Moderate depressive episode.
## Footnote
The client struggles with professional deadlines and has insomnia.
236
What intervention is appropriate for a sixty-year-old experiencing persistent sadness after losing his wife?
Proceed with individual talk therapy.
## Footnote
The client has frequent mental images of his wife and does not go out anymore.
237
What skill is demonstrated by establishing rules and boundaries in group therapy leadership?
Executive functioning.
## Footnote
This includes developing goals and plans for termination.
238
What questions should the counselor ask the client who is evaluated for dementia?
A) "Is anyone hurting or threatening you at home?"
B) "What is the date today?"
C) "Do you keep forgetting where your wallet is?"
D) "Do you know that man?"
239
What does Kubler-Ross's theory state about grief?
A) Grief is universal and experienced in the same way.
B) The first stage of grief is characterized by lashing out and blaming others.
C) The last stage of grief is characterized by shock and disbelief.
D) The stages of grief are experienced as a cycle.
240
What is the example of asking a client what he means by 'crisis mode'?
This is an example of:
C) Clarification.
241
Which formal tool is most useful to create a treatment plan for couples in counseling?
A) Gottman check-up.
B) Relationship assessment.
C) Love test.
D) Family APGAR.
242
How should the counselor reassure a twenty-year-old client who is experiencing panic attacks?
A) Emphasize the confidentiality clause in the informed consent.
243
What is it called when a counselor reassures a teenager about their pronouns in a safe space?
Transaffirmative care.
244
How can understanding a client's various life roles contribute to the therapeutic process?
You can analyze how stressful roles may impact the client's mental health.
245
How should a counselor react if group members are browsing their social media account?
Use this opportunity to explain the limits and boundaries of the social media policy.
246
When is it most likely that a fifty-eight-year-old woman acted on her suicidal ideations after her husband left her?
Her depression became overwhelming.
247
What is a likely diagnosis for a new mother exhibiting marked mood swings and poor concentration?
Depression.
248
How should a counselor respond to a conflict between two group members that escalates with yelling?
Let us discuss how we can respond to difficult people.
249
Why is it important for a counselor to have an understanding of neurological factors?
To comprehend how neurological factors may influence a client's behavior, emotions, and cognitive processes.
250
Which element of a client's history is most indicative of an alcohol use disorder?
He continues to drink despite straining his relationships.
251
What is the most ethically sound response when a client is hesitant about medication due to past experiences?
This decision is entirely up to you.
252
What kind of cognitive distortion does a client display when afraid to leave the house after breaking his leg?
Personalization.
253
What principle is associated with respecting a client's right to make their own choices?
Autonomy.
254
Which of the following is not a cluster of criteria?
Changes in.
255
Which element can be beneficial for mental health?
Exercise.
256
What type of error might occur when a ten-year-old throws tantrums?
The Hawthorne effect.
