NCE 1 Flashcards
Freud’s stages are psychosexual while Erikson’s stages are
psychosocial
In Freud’s psychodynamic theory instincts are emphasized. Erikson’ is an ego psychologist. Ego psychologists
believe in man’s powers of reasoning to control behavior.
The only psychoanalyst who created a developmental theory which encompasses the entire life span was
Erik Erikson. He created a theory with 8 stages- the final stage does not begin until age 60
The statement “the ego is dependent on the id” would most likely reflect the work of
Sigmund Freud
Jean Piaget’s idiographic approach created his theory with four stages. The correct order from stage 1 to stage 4 is
Sensorimotor, pre-operations, concrete operations, formal operations
Some behavioral scientists have been critical of Swiss child psychologist Piaget’s developmental research inasmuch as
his findings were often derived from observing his own children
A tall skinny pitcher of water is emptied into a small squatty pitcher. A child indicates that she feels the small pitcher has less water. The child has not yet mastered
Conservation- a child masters conservation and reversibility during the concrete operations stage (7-11 years).
In Piagetian literature, conservation would most likely refer to
volume & mass
A child masters conservation in the Piagetian stage known as
concrete operations (7-11 years)
_______ expanded on Piaget’s conceptualization of moral development.
Kohlberg - the leading theorist in moral devleopment
According to Piaget, a child masters the concept of reversibility in the third stage, known as concrete operations or concrete operational thought. This notion suggests
one can undo an action, hence an object (say a glass of water) can return to its initial shape.
During a thunderstorm, a 6-year-old child in Piaget’s stage of preoperational thought (Stage 2) says, “the rain is following me.” This is an example of
egocentrism
Lawrence Kohlberg suggested
Three levels of moral development: pre-conventional, conventional, and post-conventional.
The Heinz dilemma is to Kohlberg’s theory as
a typing test test is to the level of typing skill mastered
The term identity crisis comes from the work of
Erikson
Kohlberg’s three levels of morality are
pre-conventional, conventional, and post-conventional
Trust versus Mistrust is
Erikson’s first stage of psychosocial development
A person who has successfully mastered Erikson’s first seven stages would be ready to enter Erikson’s final or eighth stage
integrity versus despair
In Kohlberg’s first or preconventional level, the individual’s moral behavior is guided by
consequences
Kohlberg’s second level of morality is known as conventional morality. This level is characterized by
a desire to conform and live up to society’s expectations.
Kohlberg’s highest level of morality is termed post-conventional morality. Here the individual
has self-imposed morals and ethics
According to Lawrence Kohlberg, level 3, which is post-conventional or self-acceptance moral principles,
is the highest level of morality. However, some people never reach this level.
The zone of proximal development was pioneered by
Lev Vygotsky
Freud and Erikson
could be classified as maturationists
