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CPH LEC > ncd & cd > Flashcards

ncd & cd Flashcards

1
Q

Noncommunicable diseases

A

cannot be transmitted from a diseased host to a susceptible one.

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2
Q

Communicable diseases

A

caused by pathogenic agents which can be transmitted from an infected host to a non-infected but susceptible host.

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3
Q

4 Major non-communicable diseases (chronic diseases or lifestyle related diseases) in the Philippines:

A

• Cardiovascular diseases (CVD)
• Cancer
• Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
(COPD)
• Diabetes Mellitus

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4
Q

NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASE Contributing factors:

A

• Genetics
• Environment
• Behavior

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5
Q

Number 1 killer of Americans

A

HEART DISEASE

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6
Q

CANCER

A

2nd cause of death

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7
Q

STROKE

A

• 3rd leading cause of death
• Blood supply to brain is interrupted

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8
Q

4th, 7th, and 10th leading cause of death

A

COPD, Diabetes Type II, Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis

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9
Q

REASONS FOR INCREASE IN NCDs

A

URBANIZATION
LIFESTYLE CHANGES
GLOBALIZATION
SOCIAL CHANGE

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10
Q

• taking action to prevent or delay the onset of illness or injury before pathogenesis occur.
• more desirable than intervention.

A

PREVENTION

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11
Q

INTERVENTION

A

taking action to control a disease in progress.

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12
Q

CONTROL

A

• means containment of a disease
• can include both prevention and intervention measures.

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13
Q

ERADICATION

A

uprooting or total elimination of a disease from the human population.

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14
Q

PRIMARY PREVENTION OF NON COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

A

• Adequate supply of healthy foods
• Housing
• Education opportunities
• Efficient community services

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15
Q

SECONDARY PREVENTION OF NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

A

measures that lead to early diagnosis and prompt treatment of an illness

•Mass screenings for chronic diseases
•Personal screenings

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16
Q

TERTIARY PREVENTION OF NCDs

A

retrain, re-educate and rehabilitate people following significant illness
•Adequate emergency medical personnel
•Adequate services
•Adequate facilities
•PT/OT

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17
Q

Prioritizing Prevention and Control Efforts

A
  1. Leading causes of death
  2. Years of Potential Life Lost (YPLL)
  3. Economic cost to society
    • Example: Cost of treatment & Loss of
    productivity
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18
Q

different health programs of the local government on the control of NCDs

A
  1. Increasing the Excise Tax for Alcoholic beverages and Cigarettes
  2. Seasonal liquor bans
  3. Imposing the health warnings on tobacco cigarette packets
  4. VACCINES
  5. Groceries implemented the use of eco bags and paper bags to lessen consumption of single-use plastics.
  6. DepEd strictly prohibited the serving of junk food to basic education learners.
  7. Improved access to essential health care
  8. Promotion of physical activity
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19
Q

BEING HEALTH IS AS EASY AS ABCDE

A

Avoid Alcohol
Be physically active
Cut down on salt and sugar
Don’t use tobacco products
Eat plenty of fruits and vegetables

20
Q

common CDs in the Philippines

A

• COVID-19 = SARS CoV-2
• Ebola = Ebola virus
• Flu = Influenza virus
• Hepatitis A = Hepatitis A virus
• Hepatitis B = Hepatitis B virus
• HIV/AIDS = HIV
• Measles = Rubeola virus
• Tuberculosis = Mycobacterium tuberculosis
• Zika = Zika virus
• STDs = Neisseria gonorrheae (gonorrhea)
Treponema pallidum (syphilis)
Herpes Simplex Virus (herpes)
Human Papilloma Virus
(Genital warts)

21
Q

Diseases Targeted For Eradication by what agency

A

Philippine Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (PISDR)

22
Q

Diseases Targeted For Eradication

A

• Poliomyelitis / Acute flaccid paralysis
• Measles
• Neonatal tetanus

23
Q

How do we prevent spread of communicable diseases?

A
  • Break the chain of infection
  • Practice Universal Precautions (barriers, hand washing, disposal of “sharps”)
24
Q

STDs =

A
  1. Neisseria gonorrheae (gonorrhea)
  2. Treponema pallidum (syphilis)
  3. Herpes Simplex Virus (herpes)
  4. Human Papilloma Virus (Genital warts)
25
Q

FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF CONTROL OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASES:

A
  1. Rapid Assessment
  2. Prevention
  3. Surveillance
  4. Outbreak Control
  5. Disease Management
26
Q

PRIMARY PREVENTION of CDs:

A
  1. Pasteurization
  2. Vaccination
  3. Disinfectants
27
Q

SECONDARY PREVENTION OF CDs

A
  1. Isolation
  2. Surveillance
  3. Quarantine
  4. Drug treatment
28
Q

TERTIARY PREVENTION for CDs

A

Control for the individual:
• Convalescence
• PT/OT

29
Q
  • are a group of preventable and treatable parasitic, viral, and bacterial diseases that affect more than one billion people globally.
  • Diverse group of communicable diseases prevailing in tropical and subtropical areas (WHO, 2016)
  • Mainly affect populations living in poverty without adequate sanitation (WHO, 2016)
A

NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES

30
Q

included in the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030 (UN, 2016)

A

“Ending the epidemics of Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs)”

31
Q

NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES (in PH)

A
  1. Dengue
  2. Foodborne trematodiases
  3. Leprosy
  4. Lymphatic filariasis
  5. Rabies
  6. Schistosomiasis
  7. Soil-transmitted helminthiases
32
Q

FOODBORNE TREMATODIASES

A

• caused by trematodes (flatworms or “flukes”)
• ingestion of food contaminated with the larval stages of the parasite.
• Diagnostic Stage: embryonated eggs
• Infective stage: METACERCARIAE

33
Q

FASCIOLIASIS

A

Infectious Agent: Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica
Final Host: Sheep, cattle, and other herbivores

34
Q

PARAGONIMIASIS

A

Infectious Agent: Paragonimous spp.

Final Host: cats, dogs, and other crustacean-eating carnivores

35
Q

CLONORCHIASIS

A

Infectious Agent: Clonorchis sinensis

Final Host: Dogs and other fish-eating carnivores

36
Q

Infectious Agent: Opisthorchis viverrini, O. felineus

Final Host: Dogs and other fish-eating carnivores

A

OPISTHORCHIASIS

37
Q

SCHISTOSOMIASIS

A

Schistosoma japonicum, S. mansoni, S. haematobium cercariae

38
Q

SOIL-TRANSMITTED HELMINTHIASES

A

• Ascaris lumbricoides
• Trichuris trichiura (whipworm)
• Ancyclostoma duodenale and Necator americanus (hookworm)

39
Q

• WHO prevalence standard is 20%
• 2015: overall cumulative
prevalence is 28.4%

A

SOIL-TRANSMITTED HELMINTHIASES

40
Q

3 yummy parasites

A
  • Ascariasis
  • Cutaneous larva migrans (hookworm infection)
  • Rectal prolapse (trichuriasis)
41
Q

3 yummy parasites

A
  • Ascariasis
  • Cutaneous larva migrans (hookworm infection)
  • Rectal prolapse (trichuriasis)
42
Q

LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS in 2009, 2015, and 2019 in the Philippines

A

2009 = 46 endemic provinces
2015 = 76% are LF-free
2019 = only 4 are endemic (Davao Oriental, Palawan, Eastern Samar and Surigao del Sur )

43
Q

Mode of Transmission: droplets from the
nose and mouth

Prevalence:
<1.0/10,000 population

A

LEPROSY

44
Q
  • Elimination activities started 2011
    • 2010-2017: from 3 to 49 free
    provinces
    Cause: _____ Virus
    Mode of transmission: close contact with infected saliva from rabid animals
A

Rabies

45
Q

tetanus bacteria

A

CLOSTRIDIUM TETANI

46
Q

leprosy bacteria

A

mycobacterium leprae

47
Q

leper’s colony in the PH before

A

Culion, Palawan

CPH LEC (1 decks)

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