NCCER Flashcards

1
Q

A technology bypassing conventional I/O by using direct communications between smart field devices and associated control processors is:

A

Fieldbus

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2
Q

Redundant controllers in a distributed control system reside:

A

As a hot standby at the central processor

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3
Q

The ultimate period method for tuning a controller was first proposed by:

A

Ziegler and Nichols

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4
Q

One method of oxygen analysis focuses on the:

A

Color properties of Oxygen

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5
Q

A piece of pipe has an AISI classification of A105, The major alloy is:

A

Carbon

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6
Q

Atmosphere testing must be conducted before entry into a confined space to check for:

A

Oxygen Content

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7
Q

Wish of the following contains information about chemicals found on a job site?

A

Material safety data sheet

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8
Q

Which of the following materials is selected when resistance to corrosion or high temperatures is required?

A

stainless steels

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9
Q

Which of the following is a type of gasket used in high-pressure systems?

A

metal Ring joint

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10
Q

Examples of inactive cutting oil include all of the following EXCEPT;

A

Sulfurized mineral oils

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11
Q

Which of the following thread sealant is MOST suitable for service temperatures of 500 to 700 degrees Fahrenheit?

A

Graphite Paste

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12
Q

A system installed to provide protection of equipment from line-to-ground fault damage is called;

A

Ground-fault circuit interrupter (GFCI)

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13
Q

Increasing the Carbon content in steel results in an increase in:

A

Hardness

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14
Q

The beveled edge of an orfice plate faces

A

Downstream

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15
Q

A bourdon tube is normally found inside a:

A

Pressure guage

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16
Q

A loop sheet contains all of the following information EXCEPT:

A

The calibration and specification

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17
Q

A temperature-measuring device that operates on the principle that electrical resistance changes with temperature is a

A

Resistance Thermal device (RTD)

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18
Q

capillary tubing with a bulb on the end is normally used on instruments that provide

A

temperature readings

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19
Q

A bourdon tube typically is used to measure

A

Pressure

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20
Q

what is the relationship of absolute pressure and gauge pressure

A

psia= psig + atmospheric pressure

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21
Q

process flow drawings(PFDs) are used to:

A

Aid in understanding the overall process

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22
Q

A material safety Data Sheet (MSDS) has all of the following sections EXCEPT:

A

Disposal Contractors

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23
Q

Which of the following tools should be used to remove old packing from the packing gland?

A

Packing extractor

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24
Q

Approximately what is the pressure, is psi, at the bottom of a 20-foot high tank filled with a fluid that has a specific gravity of 1.5?

A

13.0 psi

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25
Q

the drawing that shows how similar devices are to be installed and connected is an instrument:

A

Detail drawing

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26
Q

In a bubbler system measuring level from the bottom to the top of the vessel the dip tube is installed in a vessel with its open end:

A

Just above the bottom of the vessel

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27
Q

which wiring diagram does not show discrete conductors from end to end, but in a bundle?

A

Raceway diagram

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28
Q

when one controller is used to control two final elements it is known as:

A

Split range

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29
Q

In modulating control the first steps is the compute the error between controled variable and setpoint. The second step is to produce a(n):

A

Output signal

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30
Q

when used as a film between two surfaces, lubricants will reduce all of the following EXCEPT

A

Leakage

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31
Q

The letters “EL” on a blueprint stand for

A

Electronic line

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32
Q

Significant numbers are:

A

In front of the decimal

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33
Q

A proportional band of 100% is the equivalent to a gain of

A

1

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34
Q

what type of instrument loop uses feedback to correct change

A

Closed-loop

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35
Q

The component in an Instrument system that detects process change is the:

A

Primary element

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36
Q

A pressure transmitter connected across an orfice plate measures:

A

The differential pressure across the plate

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37
Q

What is the PRIMARY purpose for filing a pressure gauge case with glycerin?

A

Pulsation dampening

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38
Q

What part of a loop or an instrument first senses the value of a process variable, such as the level of liquid in a tank or the temperature of product?

A

Primary element

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39
Q

Where are the high and low sides connected when a differential pressure instrument is used to measure the level of a vessel with an operation/

A

The high side is connected to the bottom of the vessel, and the low side is vented to the atmosphere.

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40
Q

A control mode that either opens or closes a final elements is called

A

On/off

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41
Q

In order to take direct control over a process, the controller should be places in

A

Manual control

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42
Q

The operation modes of a loop controller are

A

Manual,Automatic, and cascade

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43
Q

Proportional controller is defined as a control

A

Mode in which the contoller produces a corrective signal that is proportional to the controlled variable’s percentage of deviation from the setpoint

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44
Q

where does the diaphram of springless, pneumatic actuator control valve use air pressure?

A

On both sides

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45
Q

An acutator on a regulating valve converts thermal,electrical, or fluid energy into electro-pneumatic energy

A

Mechanical energy

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46
Q

What type of control valve actutor is used MOST often?

A

pneumatic

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47
Q

A time delay is energized and 10 seconds pass before the contact in the relay are actuated. This is an example of

A

On-delay

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48
Q

A drawing that illustrates the physical components of a system, including its piping, valves, and instrumentation, is called:

A

P&ID

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49
Q

Which of the following is another name for synchronous time switch?

A

Dashpot Timer

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50
Q

Which of the following is controlled directly by an electrical relay?

A

Contacts

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51
Q

Pilot-operated regulators are prefered where what kind of pressure control is required?

A

precise

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52
Q

When a pressure switch is used as a low limit, deadband refers to the:

A

Distance from zero at which the switch returns to shelf state

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53
Q

An air dryer using a solid desiccant that does not liquefy is known as:

A

Absorptive

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54
Q

Which of the following INCREASES the inductance of a circuit?

A

Increasing number of turns in a coil

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55
Q

the capacity of a regulator when it has failed fully open is usually

A

greater than the regulating capacity

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56
Q

Why are air dryers an essential part of a pneumatic system used in instrumentation?

A

To eliminate moisture

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57
Q

Once ambient air is compressed then discharged from a compressor, its temperature is elevated and its moisture content is

A

low

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58
Q

In MOST cases, the cable shield will be attached

A

At one end

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59
Q

If all AND gates inputs are true, the output will be:

A

True

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60
Q

What is the digital element used to deny a burner ignition sequence if the fual gas pressure is abnormal, there is no air flow,or there is no pilot flame?

A

AND gate

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61
Q

To create a Nor gate, add inverter to the output of:

A

An AND gate

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62
Q

What would be the gain of a system with an input change of 20% and an output change of 10%

A

0.5

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63
Q

Which of the following describes SPAN?

A

The difference between 3 and 1

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64
Q

If the process is stable but controlling away from setpoint, what is needed to CORRECT the problem?

A

Decrease the derivitive

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65
Q

When bench calibrating a pressure transmitter, the instrument technician should apply

A

Air pressure in psi

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66
Q

Which tuning mode will cause the controller to generate an output proportional to the PV deviation from setpoint?

A

Reset

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67
Q

A pneumatic signal simulator can be used to calibrate

A

Pressure switches

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68
Q

When an electronic D/P cell is calibrated, the simulated inout pressure should be connected to the transmitter’s

A

High Side

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69
Q

The term “Span adjustment” refers to the adjustment of the

A

Range between the highest and lowest scale value of an instrument

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70
Q

When bench calibrating a temperature RTD transmitter, the instrument technician should apply

A

Resistance

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71
Q

As a general rule, before the smart communicator can be utilized, loop resistance MUST equal a MINIMUM of

A

250 ohms

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72
Q

Setting the relationship between the input signal and the response, or output, of a device is known as:

A

Calibration

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73
Q

Performing visual inspection to verify mechanical installation of loop components includes:

A

All components including process connection, primary, control elements, and wiring

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74
Q

When calibrating a flowmeter that uses a turbine sensing element, the instrument technician might use

A

A pulse source and milliamp

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75
Q

A bubbler is used as feedback in what type of system?

A

Pneumatic

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76
Q

Which turning mode will drive the PV to setpoint, thus eliminating offset?

A

Proportional

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77
Q

Ideally, functional verification of a loop is done through:

A

Process Simulation

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78
Q

The standard reference material used is resistance temperature detectors is

A

Platinum

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79
Q

The most widely used form of PLC programming is

A

Ladder logic

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80
Q

What communication protocol has become the most commonly used?

A

Hart (tr)

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81
Q

With a smaller intergral time, the output of a PID controller will be

A

Larger

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82
Q

In PLCs, how many possible stated do discrete inputs have?

A

Two

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83
Q

The term Topology is used with digital control systems to describe:

A

Configuration of data registers and processors

84
Q

DCS stands for

A

Distributed Control System

85
Q

In a test of the accuracy of a pneumatic comparator with a pressure guage, pressure readings of the test guage being tested are compared at a number of test points. Test points readings are made:

A

As the pressure is both increased and decreased

86
Q

when a sensor is inserted in a thermowell, which of the following could safely improve response to temperature changes?

A

Antifreeze

87
Q

What type of transducer converts the variable being measured into a voltage generated by a crystal when it is mechanically stressed?

A

Piezoelectric ( used in DP cells)

88
Q

Changing the proportional band of a pneumatic controller changes:

A

The gain

89
Q

A power supply component that reduces the ripple in the waveform is a:

A

Filter

90
Q

What provides a warning when low and/or high limits of optimum range are being approached?

A

Absolute alarm points

91
Q

A device that converts alternating current to direct current is called a:

A

Rectifier

92
Q

The oil within the variable capacitor of a capacitance-type differential pressure transmitter is separated from the process by:

A

A sensing diaphragm

93
Q

When a dip pipe (bubble) system is used for tank level measurement, the dip pipe is connected to:

A

The purge gas flow meter

94
Q

What type of control has the most offset:

A

On-Off

95
Q

Hydrostatic head level can not be measured with a:

A

resistance Probe

96
Q

What is not necessary when zeroing or calibrating a magnetic flowmeter?

A

Calibration factor for the flow tube assembly

97
Q

Closing high and low pressure tap block valves, venting low side to atmosphere, and connecting and applying a known calibration pressure to the high side is done to check:

A

Zero and span of a DP cell

98
Q

Noise can affect instrument performance directly when it:

A

Is created by a ground loop

99
Q

What primary element does not produce a differential pressure to measure flow:

A

Thermistor

100
Q

What occurs if the temperature of the thermocouple measuring junction is lower than the reference junction?

A

The output voltage polarity is reversed

101
Q

What temperature sensor produces an output resistance directly related to the temperature of the device?

A

RTD

102
Q

Limit switch cams are usually found in:

A

Electric motor actuators

103
Q

What is not a characteristic of positioners?

A

Allow for biasing the valve

104
Q

Which of the following types of actuators responds to a pneumatic signal?

A

Diaphragm

105
Q

When the percentage of flow through a valve equals the percentage of plug movement, a valve has:

A

Linear flow characteristic

106
Q

To ensure the accuracy of a pneumatic controller throughout its range, you must precisely adjust:

A

Input

107
Q

If a controller does not have full output when the manual adjustment is rotated to move the output pressure to full scale, the LEAST likely source of the problem would be:

A

proportional band setting

108
Q

If nozzle back pressure does not decrease when it should, the most likely cause is :

A

Nozzle clogged with dirt

109
Q

Input to the ___ bellows flows through an adjustable restriction.

A

Reset

110
Q

Changing the proportional band of a controller changes:

A

The alignment of the controller

111
Q

A low resistance reading from an underground signal lead connected to ground indicates a problem of:

A

A lead having an unwanted connection to ground

112
Q

What can provide input/output isolation?

A

Optical coupling

113
Q

The term used to describe multiple lines sending eight bits of data at a time is:

A

Serial Transmission

114
Q

An oscilloscope waveform spans 5.5 vertical divisions. the vertical gain control is set at 2 volts/division/ the peak-to-peak voltage of the signal on the oscilloscope is:

A

11 volts

115
Q

A breadbording area is:

A

Used to design or test electronic circuits

116
Q

The digital test device that captures and displays a sequence of instructions from the program of a microcomputer is a:

A

Logic probe

117
Q

A diamond on an instrumentation diagram encloses information about:

A

The power source

118
Q

The density of a liquid affects the displacer’s:

A

bouyancy

119
Q

What mode MUST the controller be in before any changes are made to the process variable?

A

manual

120
Q

Bills of materials are found in:

A

general arrangement drawings

121
Q

When bench calibrating a temperature RTD transmitter, the instrument technician should apply:

A

resistance

122
Q

Before working on a de-energized circuit containing a capacitor, what must be done?

A

Discharge the capacitor

123
Q

The MINIMUM value of the measured process range is considered to be:

A

3psi and 4mA

124
Q

A solenoid valve is ofen used to:

A

Direct airflow that opens or closes an air-operated valve

125
Q

Viscosity is not analyzed in:

A

the viscositron method

126
Q

The process parameter that is selected for control is called the:

A

Controlled variable

127
Q

Optimal gain is the MAXIMUM allowable value of gain in which the system is:

A

Stable

128
Q

Carbon dioxide is produced commercially:

A

as a byproduct of manufacturing

129
Q

The MOST reliable relay is an:

A

SSR

130
Q

In modulating control, the first step is to compute the error between controlled variable and setpoint. the second step is to produce an:

A

Output signal

131
Q

A dashpot timer relay:

A

is a type of pneumatic relay

132
Q

A photosensor is a:

A

Silicone-controlled rectifier

133
Q

Signal cable shields should be connected to ground at:

A

1 point in the signal path

134
Q

What best determines the required torque for bolt tensioning?

A

Grade of bolt

135
Q

Old packing should be replaces with new packing which is:

A

In kind

136
Q

Atmosphere testing must be conducted before entry into a confined space to check for:

A

Oxygen Content

137
Q

A DCS accepts 1 to 5-volt inputs. The transmitter outputs are 4-20 mA. What type of resistor should normally be installed in the analog input card?

A

250.0 ohms

138
Q

Density is analyzed using all the following methods EXCEPT:

A

peptide

139
Q

In a flash point analyzer the flash point of a fluid is detected by:

A

an unsustained flame

140
Q

When selecting a regulator, chose the:

A

Overpressure protection that protects the regulator

141
Q

A decreasing output with increasing input describes:

A

Reverse action

142
Q

The basic element of the shift register is the:

A

Flip-flop circuit

143
Q

The program that is permanently enterened into a PLC processor is called:

A

Firmware

144
Q

Needle valves are used for

A

Low flow, high pressure drop, precision flow control

145
Q

In a properly grounded system:

A

Excess voltage and current are rapidly directed to the earth

146
Q

Pressure is expressed mathematically as:

A

Decreases when controller signal increases

147
Q

Single-point grounding of signal cable shields:

A

Drains induced voltage from shields

148
Q

A valve has linear-flow characteristics when the:

A

differential pressure corresponds directly to the valve stem position

149
Q

A timely delay is energized and 10 seconds pass before the contacts in the relay are actuated. This is an example of:

A

ON-Delay

150
Q

Which of the following is used to calibrate a DP transmitter?

A

Wally Box

151
Q

Troubleshooting flow charts are most effective when:

A

Problems are identified

152
Q

What instrument drawing shows an actual representation of a process operating sequence?

A

P&ID

153
Q

The binary System is a base:

A

2 system

154
Q

A common unit for volume of a gas is:

A

SCFM

155
Q

Pressure switches are actuated by:

A

bellows, diaphragms, or bourdon tubes

156
Q

The word “piezoelectric” refers to a certain class of crystals that produce an electric signal when they are mechanically:

A

Deformed

157
Q

An orfice plate causes a pressure drop which can be measured to calculate:

A

Flow

158
Q

Significant digits:

A

describe accuracy limits of a measurement or calculations

159
Q

“proving” a loop involves:

A

Verifying desired interaction of loop components through simulation

160
Q

The types of gaskets and gasket materils to be used on a project are listed in:

A

a section of the specifications

161
Q

1 meter is:

A

39.3 inches

162
Q

If the proportional band of a controller is adjusted to the MINIMUM possible value, the controller action is likely to be:

A

Excellent

163
Q

The operation modes of a loop controller are:

A

Manual, automatic, and cascade

164
Q

The span of an instrument with 24-36 psig is:

A

12psig

165
Q

What valves aren’t used to regulate flow:

A

Gate

166
Q

What tool should be used to remove old packing from the packing gland>

A

Packing extractor

167
Q

Device used to check the integrity of tubing is the:

A

Wallace and Tieman calibrator

168
Q

A controller receives an input signal from a:

A

Measuring element

169
Q

On a field mounted controller, the set point is changed:

A

By the control room operator

170
Q

What is a thermowell?

A

Protective device to house a thermocouple

171
Q

What is the major cause of death from electrical shockl/

A

Heart fibrilation

172
Q

The hydrostatic pressure created in a 10 foot tank with 8 feet water level is:

A

8psi

173
Q

An example of a direct measurement indicator is a:

A

Pressure guage

174
Q

To create a NOR gate, add an inverter to the output of:

A

an OR gate

175
Q

Which of the following must be determined before selecting a pressure-reducing regulator?

A

Capacity required

176
Q

Gaskets are usually specified for particular ranges of:

A

Temperature and pressure

177
Q

What is the formula for pressure

A

P=F/A

178
Q

A chromatograph is used to:

A

determine the chemical composition of a liquid or gas

179
Q

What adjustments on a pressure transmitter sets the minimum range value

A

Zero

180
Q

Proving a loop is a:

A

Simulated test run

181
Q

When tuning a controller, increasing gain:

A

increases sensitivity

182
Q

Which of the following materials is selected when resistance to corrosion or high temperastures is required?

A

Nickel Alloy

183
Q

Loop testing involves simulation of the:

A

process variable

184
Q

What describes span

A

The difference between 3 and 15

185
Q

When a pressure switch is used as a low limit, deadband refers to the:

A

Distance from zero at which the switch returns to shelf state

186
Q

A bubble isused as feedback in what type of system?

A

Pneumatic

187
Q

A thermocouple is:

A

A temperature measuring device that produces a voltage as the temperature changes

188
Q

A common operational feature of regulators is:

A

an input to provide the desired output

189
Q

A flow meter BEST suited for suspended solids is a:

A

Target flow meter

190
Q

DCS stands for

A

Digital communication system

191
Q

Where would an instrument fitter find a P&ID number for a particular instrument?

A

in an instrument index

192
Q

The hardness of a metal is reflected in its ability to resist:

A

Denting

193
Q

What are not Instrument drawings?

A

pilot diagrams

194
Q

What is not true about direct process recorders?

A

They aren’t used in a control center

195
Q

DCS control functions take place in the:

A

Central computer

196
Q

How is an annunciator used in a control room?

A

To signal alarms from a field location to the control room

197
Q

A confined space is identified as:

A

having limited entry and exit

198
Q

The setpoint on a controller is a specific value at which:

A

a process variable is to be maintained

199
Q

The proper gasket flange-mounted pressure transmitter on a process pipeline should be selected from the:

A

Service index in the pipe specification book

200
Q

When is the BEST time to document each loop chack for commissioning?

A

At the time each test is completed

201
Q

In ladder logic, relay instructions are compromised of input contacts and output:

A

Contacts

202
Q

Teflon tape used as a sealant should be wrapped:

A

In the same direction as the threads

203
Q

What drawing shows the height, width, and depth of a particular installation?

A

Isometric drawing

204
Q

A DCS work station may Not do:

A

Configure Logic

205
Q

Which tuning mode will cause the controller to generate an output proportional to the PV deviation from setpoint?

A

Gain

206
Q

An electrostatic precipitator is used to:

A

Remove particulates in a gas stream