NBME - Peds Flashcards
Male Tanner Stage 2. Age, description.
Age = 8 - 11.5
- Pubic hair appears
- Testicular enlargement
Male Tanner Stage 3. Age, description.
Age = 11.5 - 13
- Coarsening of pubic hair
- Increase in penis length
Male Tanner Stage 4. Age, description.
Age = 13 - 15
- Coarse hair across pubis sparing thigh
- Increase in penis width
Male Tanner Stage 5. Age, description.
Age = 15+
- Coarse hair across pubis and thigh
- Adult size penis and testes
Female Tanner Stage 2. Age, description.
Age = 8 - 11.5
- Pubic hair appears
- Breast buds form
Female Tanner Stage 3. Age, description.
Age = 11.5 - 13
- Coarsening of pubic hair
- Breast enlarges
- Mound forms
Female Tanner Stage 4. Age, description.
Age = 13 - 15
- Coarse hair across pubis sparing thigh
- Raised breast areola
- Mound on mound
Female Tanner Stage 5. Age, description.
Age = 15+
- Coarse hair across pubis and thigh
- Adult breast size
- Areola flattens
What causes prolonged QT in a neonate born from a gestational diabetic?
Hypocalcemia
Cause for altered mental status in DKA.
Cerebral edema
Most common cause of bladder outlet obstruction in male newborn.
Posterior urethral valves
What is this murmur: Murmur disappear when the child is in the supine position and when the neck is rotated in the sitting position.
Venous hum (benign)
Bronchiolitis vs Brionchiectasis
Bronchiolitis is inflammation of the bronchioles, most commonly caused by RSV.
Bronchiectasis is permanent dilation of bronchi due to recurrent cycles of infection. Most commonly caused by Cystic Fibrosis and COPD.
Delivery Guidelines if pregnant woman has HIV depending on HIV viral load
If HIV viral load <1000 then vaginal delivery
If HIV viral load > 1000 before 38 wks then:
C-sec at 38 wks
Zidovudine (AZT) intrapartum (3 hrs before delivery)
What should newborn receive if mother has HIV, depending on pregnant woman’s HIV viral load.
Within 6-12 hrs of delivery
If HIV viral load <1000 then Zidovudine (AZT)
If HIV viral load >1000 then 3-drug ART (zidovudine, lamivudine, nevirapine)
Pediatric Patient has joint swelling and positive antinuclear antibody. Dx? Next step?
Dx = Juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Next step = When ANA is positive you must do Slit-lamp exam at diagnosis and every 3-4 months to check for Uveitis
What to feed newborn that develops cow milk or soy allergy?
A protein-hydrolysate based formula
e.g. formula with hydrolyzed caesin
Patient with hyperpigmentation and hypotension. Dx? Diagnostic test?
Dx = Addison’s (primary adrenal insufficiency)
Diagnostic test = Measure plasma cortisol level
Classical triad of symptoms of Hereditary Spherocytosis (HS). AND what is a well-known complication of HS? What is the treatment?
Triad = Coombs negative hemolytic anemia, jaundice, splenomegaly Complication = Chelelithiasis (pigmented gallstones) Tx = Splenectomy after age 6
Rash on ankles and bilateral ankle edema in a pediatric patient. Dx?
Henoch-Schonlein purpura
3 Symptoms of Reactive Arthritis
Assymetric Arthropathy
Nongonococcal urethritis/cervicitis
Inflammatory eye disease
Treatment for ingestion of alkili agent (e.g. batteries, drain cleaner, detergent)
Milk or water immediately (not effective after 30 min)
Then NPO to prevent esophageal erosion
Physostigmine is an antidote for what?
Anticholinergic toxicity
What is the antidote for organophosphate poisoning?
Atropine and Pralidoxime
