NBME 17 Review Deck Flashcards
Which viruses acquire an envelope similar to the phospholipid concentration of the nuclear phospholipid membrane.
Herpesviruses; all other enveloped viruses acquire a phospholipid membrane by busting through the plasma membrane of the host cell
External ear infection in a diabetic 80 year old patient
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
Polyarteritis Nodosa typically spares what arteries
Pulmonary Arteries and Bronchial arteries
Rupture of what part of the aorta is most common in a decelerating injury/ trauma in a motor vehicle accident where the driver/ passenger is wearing a seatbelt
Damage to the aortic isthmus– Distal to the left Subclavian Artery
Cardiac tumor with abundant ground substance and gelatinous matrix mucopolysaccharide storm, abundant blood vessels with hemorrhaging. Mesenchymal origin
Cardiac Myxoma
Benign heart hamartoma in children and its associations
Rhabdomyosarcoma; associated with Tuberous sclerosis
infant in the first few days of life presenting with maple syrup urine/ Burnt sugar urine smell, dry mucus membranes and hypertonia
Branched chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase deficiency
Infant with fair complexion, eczema, MUSTY body odor, seizures
PKU either due to phenylalanine hydroxylase, BH4 cofactor deficiency, or dihydropteridine reductase deficiency (Conversion of Tryptophan to serotonin)
Recurrent cysteine sones in an infant
Cystinuria; defect in PCD and intestinal amino acid transporter that prevents resorption of Cysterine, ornithine, and lysine
Deficiency in homogentisate oxidase
Alkaptouria; black cartilage, etc
diet restriction for infants with Branched Chained alpha-ketoacid Dehydrogenase deficiency
Decreased Leucine, valine, and isoleucine intake
Niesseria is grown on what time of agar, and which are the components?
Chocolate agar (heated blood)= Thayer martin agar also called VPN (Vancomycin, Polymixin (also called collistatin), nystatin (inhibits growth of candida) and trimethoprim
Cancers that cause sclerotic bone lesions
Prostate, Small Cell Lung Cancer, Hodgkin Lymphoma
Patient with a long-standing history of RA that gets intubated develops areflexia and whole body paralysis; what complication of RA is to be expected?
Cervical sublaxation; typically occurs 2nd to endotracheal intubation in patients with a long-standing history of RA
Grabbing a tree branch while falling that leads to loss of fine movements of the affected hand
Klumpke palsy/ Damage to the lower trunk of the brachial plexus
Abduction (arm hanging by side), lateral rotation (arm medially rotated) while also being flexed and supinated
erb Palsy (C5-C6) trauma to the upper trunk
Benign, painful, red-blue discoloration under the finger nails arising from the smooth muscle cells of the thermoregulatory glomus body.
Glomus Tumor
four causes of Hydrops fetalis
Parvo B19 infection, Alpha Thalassema (–/–), Rh Hemolytic disease of the newborn, syphilis
Causes of carpal tunnel
DM, chronic hemodialysis (deposition of amyloid B2-microglobulin), hypothyroidism, pregnancy, and RA
Tumors that stain GFAP +
astrocytomas, glioblastomas, ependymomas, and nerve sheath tumors
Synaptophysin + tumors
Small cell lung cancer, Carcinoid (neuroendocrine cells)
acute pancreatitis, lipidemia retinitis, eruptive skin xanthomas, and hepatosplenomegaly
Familial Chylomicron syndrome
Protein defect in familial chylomicron syndrome and elevated lipoprotein
Lipoprotein lipase, ApoC-II; Chylomicron
Premature coronary artery disease, corneal arcus, tendon xanthomas, xanthelasmas
Familial Hypercholesterolemia
Protein defect in Familial Hypercholesterolemia and elevated lipoprotein
ApoB-100, LDL-R; LDL is elevated
Premature coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular disease, tuboeruptive palmar Xanthomas
Familial Dysbetalipoproteinemia
Protein defect associated with dysbetalipopproteinemia and elevated lipoprotein
ApoE; elevated chylomicron and VLDL elements
inherited lipoproteinemia that Increases pancreatitis risk; associated with obesity and insulin resistance
Familial Hypertriglyceridemia
Protein defect in familial hypertriglyceridemia and elevated lipoprotein
ApoA-V; elevated VLDL
cystic dilation of the fourth ventricle with posterior fossa enlargement
dandy-walker syndrome
Displacement of the cerebellar vermis and tonsils below the foramen magnum
Arnold Chiari- Chiari II malformation
Displacement of the cerebellar tonsil through the foramen magnum; associated with syringomyelia
Chari I malformation
treatment for narcolepsy
Modafinil (CYP450 inducer) , amphetamines
Causes of respiratory alkalosis (hyperventilation)
Salicylates (early), anxiety, Hypoxemia, tumor, PE
Causes of metabolic acidosis with an increased anion gap
Increased (shit) MUDPILES: methanol/ formic acid, Uremia, DKA, Propylene glycol, Iron tablets or isoniazid, lactic acidosis, Ethylene glycol, salicylate (Late)
Causes of Metabolic acidosis with a normal Anion gap
Normal HARDASS: hyperalimenation, Addisons disease, renal tubular acidosis, diarrhea, acetazolamide, spironolactone, saline infusion
Cramps, pain, paresthesias, carpopedal spasm
hypocalcemia
Asbestosis is visualized using what stain
Prussian Blue stain
Tanner Stage I
No sexual hair, flat appearing chest with raised nipple (pre-pubertal)
Tanner Stage II (age and features)
8-11.5; pubic hair (pubarche), testicular enlargement, Breast bud formation (thelarche)
Tanner Stage III (age and features)
11.5-13 years: Coarsening of pubic hair, increased penis size and length; breast enlarges, mound forms
Tanner Stage IV (age and features)
13-15 years: coarse hair across pubis, sparing the thigh, penis width/ glans increases; breast enlargement, raised areola, mound on mound
Tanner Stage V (age and features)
> 15; coarse hair across the pubis and medial thigh, penis and testis enlarge to adult size, adult breast contour, areola flattens.
What is the objective sign of puberty
breast budding in the female and testes enlargement in the male
Presenting sx: pain, uniformly enlarged soft globular uterus, dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia,
Adenomyosis endometrium; hyperplasia of basal layer of endometrium
Burn class: superficial, through epidermis (sun burn); painful, erythematous, blanching
First Degree Burn
Burn class: skin is blistered and usually heals without scarring; partial thickness burn through the epidermis and dermis; painful erythematous, blanching
second degree burn
Burn Class: Skin scars with wound healing; full thickness (Epidermis, dermis, hypodermis); painless, waxy or leathery appearance, non-blanching
Third Degree burn
Inflammatory skin disorder with erythematous papules and pustules but no comedones; facial flushing in response to external stimuli; sensation of burning and dryness; may cause rhinopehyma (deformation of the nose)
Rosacea
erythematous, well-demarcated plaques with greasy yellow scales in areas rich in sebaceous glands like scalp, face and periocular region. Associated with Parkinsons and possibly with Malassezia
Seborrheic Dermatitis; tx with topical fungi and CCS
SAEs of Amioderone
CIIIA: pulmonary fibrosis, blue skin discoloration, gray cornea (hapten deposits), Hyper or Hypothryoidism, hypersensitivity hepatitis, CYP450 inhibitor, heart failure
Name all Class III Anti-arrythmics
Amioderone, Ibutilide, dofetilide, sotalol
autosomal dominate syndrome featuring the growth of numerous hamartomas in the GI tract, along with a hyper pigmented mouth, hands, lips and genitalia; increases risk of breast and GI tumors
Peutz-Jegher’s syndrome
Pre-contemplation stage
Patients do not understand that there is a problem and often blame external factors or circumstances out of their control
Contemplation stage
The patient recognizes the problem, but is not yet ready to do anything about it
Preparation stage of the stages of change model
Planning/ preparing a behavior medication
Action stage
Putting a Plan into action (enters treatment reducing alcohol)
Maintenance Stage of the stages of change model
Maintaining absence; requires motivation
Most common infection in lactation mastitis
Staph Aureus
Diarrhea, dementia, dermatitis (broad collar rash), hyperpigmentation of sun exposed limbs
Vitamin B3/ Niacin Deficiency; carcinoid syndrome or prolonged isoniazid
Autosomal recessive defect in neutral amino acid transporters in the PCT and on enterocytes
Hartnup disease–> Decrease Tryptophan –> decreased synthesis of Niacin–> pellagra sx (dementia, dermatitis, diarrhea)
abdominal pain, greasy stools, weight loss, joint pain and PAS+ granules in the lamina propria
Whipple Disease (trophyremia whipplei); PAS is a glycoproteins)
Malar rash, gottron papules, heliotrope (preorbital) rash, darkening and thickening of the fingers; perimysial inflammation with CD4+ T cells resulting proximal limb weakness; increased risk/ associated with malignancy (ovarian, lung, NHL, and colorectal)
dermatomyositis
Progressive symmetric proximal muscle weakness that is anti-1-jo (Anti-histidyl-tRNA synthetase), ANti-SRP and ANTI M2 positive
Polymyositis
Inflammation in polymyositis
endomysial inflammation
Causes of septic abortion after curettage
S Aureus and E Coli
