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NBEO Pharm Flashcards

1
Q

Sulfacetamide (Sulamyd)

A

sulfonamide antibiotic (inhibits folic acid synthesis)

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2
Q

Amiodarone (Cordarone)

A

Anti-arryhythmic medication

  • blocks K+ channels (some Na and Ca channels)
  • ADRS
    • NIAION
    • whorl keratopathy
    • anterior subcapsular deposits
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3
Q

Valacyclovir (Valtrex)

A

Anti-viral

oral

Tx: HSV 1 and 2, Shingles, herpes zoster ophthalmicus, HSV keratitis

Systemic DNA polymerase inhibitor

ADRs- HAs, GI effects

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4
Q

Cetirizine (Zyrtec)

A

H1 blocker - second generation

Tx- allergic rhinitis and chronic urticaria

ADRs:

  • abnormal EOM contractions (oculogyric crisis)
  • less CNS/anticholinergic effects vs first generation
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5
Q

Celecoxib (Celebrex)

A

NSAID- selective COX 2 inhibitor

  • protects gastric mucosa and limits GI bleeding

ADRs

  • conjunctivitis
  • blurry vision
  • Stevens Johnson sydrome
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6
Q

Pralidoxime (Protopam)

A

Reverse effects of irreversible AchE inhibitors

allows breakdown of ACh - reverse effects of pesticide poisoning

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7
Q

Chloroquine (Aralen)

A

Anti-parasitic drug

build up of heme= toxic to plasmodium parasite (responsible for malaria)

also inhibits phospholipase A - decrease inflammation (Tx of RA/lupus)

ADRs - whorl keratopathy (reversible) - bull’s eye maculopathy (initial stage- RPE mottling)

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8
Q

Phenobarbital (Luminal)

A

Anti-convulsant

  • reduces glutamatergic excitatory transmissions
  • Tx- seizures and sedation
  • ADRs
    • mydrasis
    • increased IOP
    • cycloplegia
    • sedation, respiratory depression
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9
Q

Pemirolast (Alamast)

A

Mast cell stabilizer

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10
Q

Cholestyramine (Questran)

A

Antihyperlipidemic agent

Bile acid binding resin

  • binds bile acid- prevents reabsoprtion
  • ADRS
    • constipation and fatty stools
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11
Q

Lidocaine

A

Amine local anesthetic

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12
Q

Simvastatin (Zocor)

A

Antihyperlipidemic agent

  • HMG CoA reducases inhibitor (used in synthesis of cholesterol)
  • lower LDL and triglycerides
  • increases HDL
  • first line tx for high cholesterol
  • ADRs
    • hepatotoxicity
    • myopathy
    • contraindicated in pregnancy
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13
Q

Clarithromycin (Biaxin)

A

macrolide antibiotic (50S protein inhibitor)

oral - respiratory infections

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14
Q

Edrophonium (Enlon)

A

*Indirect Cholinergic Agonist* - Dx of MG (Tensilon test)

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15
Q

Amitriptyline (Elavil)

A

Anti-depressant - TCA

anti- cholinergic

  • inhibits NorE and serotonin uptake
  • ADRs
    • anticholinergic effects (anti- sluds)
    • overdose can be life threatening!!!
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16
Q

Botulina toxin (botox)

A

blocks release of Ach at NMJ - Tx of blepharospam and strabismus

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17
Q

Augmentin

A

amoxicillin + clavulonic acid (penicillinase/ beta lactamse inhibitor)

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18
Q

Cimetidine (Tagamet)

A

H2 blocker

Tx- stomach ulcers and acid reflux

ADRs:

  • Diarrhea
  • drug interactions
  • gynecomastia and loss of libido
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19
Q

Amantadine (Symmetrel)

A

Antiparkinsonian med

  • potentiates dopamine effects
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20
Q

Glycerine (Osmoglyn)

A

Hyperosmotic agent

acute angle closure attack

contraindicated in DM pts

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21
Q

Topiramate

A

anti-convulsant

ADRS

  • blurred vision
  • diplopia
  • nystagmus
  • choroidal swelling - acute secondary angle closure
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22
Q

Aggrenox

A

combo of Aspirin and Dipyridamole

anticoagulant

Tx- pts with h/o of ischemic strokes

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23
Q

Triamcinolone (Kenalog)

A

Systemic steroid

Opthalmic uses

  • DME
  • Graves
  • intermediate/ non resolving uveitis
  • Chalazia
  • recalcitrant irvine gass cystoid mac edema
  • mac edema 2^CRVO

Systemic uses

  • dermatoses, asthma, MS and arthritis

ADR

  • elevated IOP
  • depigmentation of eyelid skin in dark skinned pt
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24
Q

Neosporin

A

Bacitracin + polymyxin + neomycin

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25
Q

Dexamethasone (Maxidex)

A

Potent steroid

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26
Q

Indomethacin (Indocin)

A

NSAID- Reversible COX 1 and COX 2 inhibitor

Tx- scleritis and episcleritis

ADRS

  • increase risk of bleeding complications in eye
  • GI bleeding
  • cardiovascular events (MI or stroke) (contraindicated in pts with coronary artery disease/ stroke)
  • pigmentary retinopthaty
  • whorl keratopaty
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27
Q

Nepafenac (Nevanec)

A

NSAID

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28
Q

Carteolol (Ocupress)

A

*Adrenergic antagonist*- Non- selective beta blocker

  • intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA)
  • less bradycardia vs other beta blockers (less side effects
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29
Q

Rosiglitazone (Avandia)

A

Thiazolidinedione (oral DM medication)

  • activate peroxisome proliferator- activated receptor gamma to increase glucose uptake in muscles and fatty tissue
  • used to combat insulin resistance
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30
Q

Ketorolac Tromethamine (Acular LS)

A

NSAID

only one approved from topical tx of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis

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31
Q

Cell wall synthesis blockers

A

bacitracin

penicillins

cephalosporins

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32
Q

Neostigmine (Prostigmin)

A

*Indirect Cholinergic Agonist* - Treatment of MG

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33
Q

Cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril)

A

Muscle relaxant

anti- cholinergic

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34
Q

Furosemide (Lasix)

A

Loop diuretic

HTN med

  • inhibits Na/2Cl/K co-transporters in thick ascending loop of Henle
  • increases Ca
  • ADRS
    • hypokalemia
    • nephrotoxicity
    • ototoxicity
    • DES
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35
Q

Cromolyn sodium (Crolom)

A

Mast Cell Stabilizer

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36
Q

Acetaminophen (Tylenl)

A

Non-opiate analesic

  • NO anti inflam properties
  • can be used in infants
  • ADRs
    • hepatotoxicity
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37
Q

Phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine)

A

Adrenergic agonist (alpha 1 )

  • dilation without cycloplegia
  • palpebral widening
  • differentiate scleritis from episcleritis
  • horner’s syndrome (post lesion= dilation, pre lesion= no dilation)
  • 10% break posterior synechiae (but adverse cardiovascular effects)

contraindicated in ppl taking MAOIs, TCA, atropine, Graves pts.

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38
Q

Chlorpromazine (Thorazine)

A

Antipsychotic (Phenothiazine)

Anti- cholinergic

  • dopamine receptor antagonist
  • ADRs
    • parkinson like side effects
    • pigmentation effects (pigment on corneal endo, anterior stellate cataracts, hyperpigmentation of RPE)
    • anticholinergic effct- dry eye, mydriasis, increase IOP
    • oculogyric crisis
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39
Q

Fluorometholone (FML)

A

Soft steroid

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40
Q

Clopidogrel (Plavix)

A

Anticoagulant

  • inhibits ADP receptor on platelet cell membranes - needed for platelet aggregation and clot formation
  • ADRs
    • increased risk of bleeding, GI upset, rash
    • effects = irreversible
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41
Q

Prednisolone acetate

A

Steroid- potent

SHAKE!

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42
Q

Rifampin (Rifadin)

A

Tb drug

  • prevents mRNA synthesis by binding to RNA polymerase
  • ADR- hepatoxicity, orange/pink tear and urine discoloration
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43
Q

Acylovir (Zovirax)

A

Anti-viral

oral

Tx: HSV 1 and 2, Shingles, herpes zoster ophthalmicus, HSV keratitis

Systemic DNA polymerase inhibitor

ADRs- HAs, GI effects

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44
Q

Fluoroquinolones (names and facts)

A

antibiotic-

  • inhibits DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV
  • ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, levofloxacin, gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin, besifloxacin
  • all gram -
  • 3rd and 4th generation have imporved gram +
  • uses:
    • CL related corneal uclers, abrasions, bacterial conjunctivits
  • systemic uses
    • cipro- gram - urinary infections
    • moxi- pneuomia, sinusitis, intra ab and skin infections

ADRS

  • oral - affect bones= tendinitis. contraindicated in pregnancy, and <18yo
  • topical - use in 1yo and older (except Levo)
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45
Q

Latanoprost (Xalatan)

A

Prostaglandin analog

Tx of GL

  • 27-35% IOP reduction (increases uveoscleral outflow of AQ)
  • nighttime dosing
  • ADRS
    • iris heterochromia
    • increase pigmentation and growth of eyelashes
    • skin darkening around eyes
    • conjunctival hyperemia
    • itching
  • Contraindications - CME -Active inflammation - previous HSV keratitis
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46
Q

Sulfonamides

A

antibiotic (foltate synthesis inhibitor)

  • inhibits dihydropteroate synthase (converts PABA–> dihydrofolic acid)- first step of folic acid synthesis
  • bacteriostatic
  • gram + and -
  • ophthalmic: blepharitis and conjunctivitis (rare use)
    • ADRs- stinging, burning, contact derm, local photosensitivity
  • system: toxoplasmosis (sulfadiazine +pyrimethamine)
    • ADRs- kernicterus in infants, induce myopic shift, steven johnson syndrome.
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47
Q

Famciclovir (Famvir)

A

Anti-viral

oral

Tx: HSV 1 and 2, Shingles, herpes zoster ophthalmicus, HSV keratitis

Systemic DNA polymerase inhibitor

ADRs- HAs, GI effects

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48
Q

Apraclonidine (Iopidine)

A

Adrenergic agonist (alpha 2)

  • acute angle closure attack
  • controls IOP spike (decrease AQ production and increase uveoscleral outflow)
  • 30-40% decrease - not effective as chronic therapy b/c tachyphylaxis
  • dx of Horner’s syndrome ( Horner’s dilates due to hypersensitivity of alpha 1 vs normal pupil= no dilation)
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49
Q

Trifluridine (Viroptic)

A

Anti-viral

tx herpes simplex keratitis

inhibits DNA polymerase

dose 9x/day

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50
Q

Oxycodone (Roxicodone)

A

Opiate analgesic

  • agonist at Mu, Kappa and Delta opiate receptors
  • potent analgesics
  • addictive
  • ADRs
    • miosis
    • resp depression
    • drowsiness
    • sedation
    • nausea
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51
Q

Nifedipine (Procardia)

A

Calcium channel blocker

HTN med

  • blocks L type Ca channels
  • decrease peripheral vascular resistance
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52
Q

Lincomycin/ Clindamycin (Cleocin)

A

50S protein inhibitor antibiotic

reversible

Rx- MRSA and anaerobic infections

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53
Q

Azithromycine (zithromax- oral) (azasite- topcial)

A

macrolide antibiotic (50S protein inhibitor)

  • oral- chlamydial infections - 1g single dose (empty stomach )
  • topical- bacterial conjunictivits and blepharitis (contains BAK)
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54
Q

Dicloxacillin (Dynapen)

A

Penicllin

gram +

resistant to penicillinase

drug of choice for methicillin-sensitive staph aureus (MSSA)

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55
Q

Folate synthesis inhibitors

A

sulfonamides

trimethoprim

pyrimethamine

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56
Q

Chlorpropamide (Diabinese)

A

Sulfonylureas (oral DM medication)

  • increases secretion of insulin
  • ADRS
    • hypoglycemia
    • sulfa allergy
    • with beta blockers incease risk of hypoglycemia
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57
Q

Olopatadine 0.2% (Pataday)

A

Mast cell stabilizer + antihistamine combo

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58
Q

Ketotifen (Zaditor)

A

Mast cell stabilizer + antihistamine combo

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59
Q

Brimonidine (Alphagan)

A

Adrenergic agonist (alpha 2)

GL treatment

  • decrease AQ production and increase uveoscleral outflow
  • Neuroprotective
  • follicular conjunctivits - miosis - contraindicated with MAOIs
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60
Q

Lodoxamide (Alomide)

A

Mast cell stabilizer

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61
Q

Tetrazosin (Hytrin)

A

Alpha 1 antagonist

(prevent vasocontriction)

tx- BPH, HTN

ADRs- floppy iris sydrome

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62
Q

Homatropine

A

*Cholinergic antagonist*

standard tx of anterior uveitis

  • dilates and mobilizes iris
  • paralyzes ciliary and sphincter muscle (reduce pain)
  • stabilizes blood AQ-barrier
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63
Q

Losartan (Cozaar)

A

Angiotensin II receptor antagonist- HTN med

  • NO cough
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64
Q

Tamsulosin (Flomax)

A

Alpha 1 antagonist

(prevent vasoconstriction)

tx- BPH

ADRs- floppy iris sydrome

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65
Q

Levothyroxine (Synthroid)

A

Synthetic T4

ADRs

  • hyperthyroid
  • pseudotumor cerebri in kids
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66
Q

Loteprednol (Lotemax)

A

Soft steroid

Ester based

safest steroid

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67
Q

Atropine

A

*Choninergic antagonist*

longest duration

amblyopia treatment

use >3 yo - caution in Down’s syndrome, small children and elderly

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68
Q

Gentamicin (Garamycin)

A

aminoglycoside antibiotic (30s protein inhibitor)

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69
Q

Naproxen (Naprosyn)

A

NSAID- Reversible COX 1 and COX 2 inhibitor

Tx- scleritis and episcleritis

ADRS

  • increase risk of bleeding complications in eye
  • GI bleeding
  • cardiovascular events (MI or stroke) (contraindicated in pts with coronary artery disease/ stroke)
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70
Q

Cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril)

A

Non-opiate analesic

  • decrease motor activity by inhibiting tonic activiity of alpha and gamma motor neurons
  • tx- muscle spasms
  • ADRs
    • drowsiness
    • Loss of coordination
    • anticholinergic effects
    • caution in narrow angle GL
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71
Q

Donepezil (Aricept)

A

*Indirect Cholinergic agonist*

treatment of Alzheimer’s and dementia

  • CNS acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
  • ADRs
    • cataracts
    • blurred vision
    • ocular irritation
    • lower IOP
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72
Q

Spironolactone (Aldactone)

A

Potassium- sparing diuretic

  • blocks action of aldosterone in late DCT and collecting ducts= increases excretion of sodium and water and decreases secretion of K+
  • ADRs
    • hyperkalemia
    • gynecomastia
    • antiandrogen effects
    • DES
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73
Q

Metoprolol (Lopressor)

A

Beta blocker - beta 1 specific

HTN med

ADRS:

  • CNS- disorientation, depression, fatigue
  • Cardio - bradycardia, arrhythmias, syncope
  • Pulmonary- dyspnea, wheezing, bronchospasm
  • GI- nausea, vomitting, diarrhea, ab pain
  • Reproductive- ED
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74
Q

Methazolamide (Neptazane)

A

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

oral

  • Side effects - metallic taste, tingling, metabolic acidosis - bone marrow suppression and aplastic anemia (fatal!!) - malaise, fatigue, weight loss, impotence, depression, diarrhea - myopic shift contraindicated - COPD - pregnancy - sulfa allergy
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75
Q

Trimethoprim (Primsol)

A

antibiotic (folate acid synthesis inhibitor)

  • inhibits dihydrofolate reductase (converts hydrofolic acid–> tetrahydrofolic acid) second step of synthesis
  • gram + and - (not pseduomonas)
  • effective against MRSA
  • ADRs - bone marrow suppression –> anemia, leukopenia, granulocytopenia
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76
Q

Systane

A

ocular lubricant

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77
Q

Bromfenac (Xibrom, Bromday)

A

NSAID

Xibrom- contains sodium sulfite- beware with sulfa allergy

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78
Q

Antibiotics to take on empty stomach

A

PAT:

  • penicillin
  • azithromycin
  • tetracyclines (exp- doxy)
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79
Q

Brinzolamide (Azopt)

A

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

topical - tx GL - sulfa based - ADRs- stings and metallic taste

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80
Q

Loratadine (Claritin)

A

H1 blocker - second generation

Tx- allergic rhinitis and chronic urticaria

ADRs:

  • less CNS/anticholinergic effects vs first generation
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81
Q

Amoxicillin (Principen)

A

Penicillin

gram + and -

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82
Q

Optive

A

Ocular lubricant

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83
Q

Gatifloxacin (Zymar)

A

4nd generation fluoroquinolone

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84
Q

Theophylline (Theo Dur)

A

miscullaneous respiratory agent

ihibits phophodiesterase –> increased cAMP–> increased Epi

beta blockers can mitigate bronchodilatory effects

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85
Q

Diazepam (Valium)

A

Anxiolytic

anti- cholinergic

  • benzodoazepine
  • opens chloride channels by binding to GABA receptors= hyperpolarization of neurons in CNS
  • ADRs
    • sedation, depression, confusion, bradycardia, dyspnea
    • mydrasis and nystagmus (contraindicated in narrow angle GL)
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86
Q

Besifloxacin (Besivance)

A

4nd generation fluoroquinolone - only topical

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87
Q

Cephalosporins (drugs + main points)

A

Cephalexin, ceftriaxone

  • inhibit transpeptidase (inhibit cell wall synthesis)
    • 1st generation: gram +
    • 2nd generation: gram + and some gram -
    • 3rd generation: gram + and -
  • ADRs
    • hypersensitivity rxns,
    • alters absorption of vit K= excessive blood thinning if taking blood thinner
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88
Q

Macrolides (drugs and facts)

A

erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin - 50S protein inhibitors

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89
Q

Ofloxacin (Ocuflox)

A

2nd generation fluoroquinolone

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90
Q

Antibiotics effective for MRSA

A

Bactrim (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole)

doxycycline

clindamycin

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91
Q

Propranolol (Inderal)

A

Beta blocker - non selective

HTN med

ADRS:

  • CNS- disorientation, depression, fatigue
  • Cardio - bradycardia, arrhythmias, syncope
  • Pulmonary- dyspnea, wheezing, bronchospasm
  • GI- nausea, vomitting, diarrhea, ab pain
  • Reproductive- ED
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92
Q

Phenelzine (Nardil)

A

Anti-depressant - MAOI

anti- cholinergic

  • inhibits MAO (respobsible for breakdown of NorE and serotonin)
  • ADRs
    • GL
    • nystagmus
    • interactions with tyramine (wine, cheese, dried meat)- causes lethal hypertensive crisis
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93
Q

Isotretinoin (Accutane)

A

Derm med

  • reduces size and degree of oil production from sebaceous glands
  • ADRS
    • blepharoconjunctivitis
    • DES
    • pseudotumor cerebri
    • lid edema
    • loss of color vision
    • nyctalopia
    • cataracts
    • teratogenic and contrindicated in pregnancy
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94
Q

Duloxetine (Cymbalta)

A

Anti-depressant- selective NorE reuptake inhibitor

  • inhibits serotonin and NorE reuptake
  • Tx- depression, anxiety, panic disorder
  • ADRs
    • mydraiassis (caution in narrow angle pt)
    • serotonin syndrome
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95
Q

Montelukast (Singulair)

A

miscullaneous respiratory agent

leukotriene receptor antagonist

tx- asthma, bronchoconstriction, allergic rhinitis

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96
Q

Captopril (Capoten)

A

ACE ihbitior- HTN med

  • prevents formation of angiotensin II and blocks metabolsim of bradykinins (= vasodilation)
  • ADRs
    • cough
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97
Q

Bactericidal antibiotics

A

Penicillins

bacitracin

aminoclycosides

cephalosporins

fluoroquinolones

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98
Q

Isoproterenol (Isuprel)

A

beta 1 and beta 2 agonist

short acting

tx- arrhythmias- IV treatment only (no longer used from asthma)

GL warning (b/c increased IOP)

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99
Q

Brompheniramine (Dimetane)

A

H1 blocker (first generation)

Anti- cholinergic

Tx- allergic skin reactions

ADRS

  • sedation
  • anticholinergic effects (mydrasis, dry eye, dry mouth, tachycardia)
100
Q

Metformin (Glucophage)

A

Biguanide (oral DM medication)

  • decreases gluconeogenesis in liver
  • does not cause hyerglycemia
  • ADRs
    • diarrhea
    • if renal insuff or hepatic impairment- at greater risk of lactic acidosis
101
Q

Phenytoin (Dilantin)

A

anti-convulasant

  • ADRs
    • nystagmus
    • diplopia
    • EOM palsies
    • ataxia
    • gingival hyperplasia
102
Q

Nystatin (Mycostatin)

A

Anti-fungal

binds ergosterol and forms pores- leaking out contents = cell death

Tx - Candida oral and vaginal yeast infections (no ophthalmic use)

103
Q

Imipramine (Tofranil)

A

Anti-depressant - TCA

anti- cholinergic

  • inhibits NorE and serotonin uptake
  • ADRs
    • anticholinergic effects (anti- sluds)
    • overdose can be life threatening!!!
104
Q

Cephalexin (Keflex)

A

1st generation cephalosporin antibiotic (inhibits cell wall syn)

gram +

tx

  • dacryoadenitis/ cystitis
  • preceptal cellulitis
105
Q

Ranitidine (Zantac)

A

H2 blocker

Tx- stomach ulcers and acid reflux

ADRs: Diarrhea

106
Q

Sumatriptan (Imitrex)

A

Migraine tx

  • serotonin subtype 1B and 1D receptor agonists
  • causes vasoconstriction and reduces inflammation in CNS
  • ADRs- released to systemic vasoconstriciton
    • NAION
    • retinal artery occlusions and venous thromboses
    • MI
    • ischemic strokes
107
Q

Apirin

A

Irreversible COX 1 and COX 2 inhibitor- NSAID

Tx- antipyresis, anti- inflam and analgesia

reduces risk of heart attacts

ADRS

  • GI effects (ulcers, bleeding)
  • bleeding complications in eye
  • Reye’s sydrome (in kids)
108
Q

Promethazine (Phenergan)

A

H1 blocker (first generation)

Anti- cholinergic

Tx- allergic skin reactions

chemical structure similar to antipsychotic meds (phenothiazine)

ADRS

  • sedation
  • anticholinergic effects (mydrasis, dry eye, dry mouth, tachycardia)
  • eye
    • corneal epithelail keratopathy
    • corenal endothelail pigmentation
    • lenticular changes
    • pigmentary retinopathy
109
Q

Levalbuterol (Xopenex)

A

Beta 2 agonist

short acting

tx- rescue inhaler for asthma and COPD

GL warning (b/c increased IOP)

110
Q

Naphazoline (Naphcon)

A

Adrenergic (Alpha) agonist

ocular decongestant

111
Q

Ketoconazole (Nizoral)

A

Anti-fungal

inhibits ergosterol synthesis

tx -severe fungal corneal uclers ,systemic fungal infections, acanthamoeba

ADR- hepatotoxicity

112
Q

Cosopt

A

Timolol 0.5% + Dorzolamide 2%

113
Q

Penicillins (drugs + main points)

A

Amoxicillin, Dicloxacillin

  • inhibits transpeptidase (inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis
  • bacterial eyelid infections (hordeolum, preseptal celullitis)
  • ADRs
    • hypersensitivity rxns
    • oral contraceptives ineffective
    • stevens- johnson syndrome (amoxicillin)
114
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide (Hydrodiuril)

A

Thiazide diuretic

HTN med

  • inhibits NaCl reabsorption and decreases Ca excretion in DISTAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE
  • ADRs
    • acute transiet myopia and acute angle closure GL
    • DES
115
Q

Natamycin (Natacyn)

A

Anti-fungal

binds ergosterol and forms pores- leaking out contents = cell death

Tx - fungal blepharitis - conjunctivitis - keratitis

116
Q

Famotidine (Pepcid)

A

H2 blocker

Tx- stomach ulcers and acid reflux

ADRs: Diarrhea

117
Q

Polytrim

A

Polymyxin B (strong gram -) + trimethoprim

118
Q

Isoniazid (Nydrazid)

A

Tb drug

  • prevents cell wall synthesis by inhibiting mycolic acid synthesis
  • ADRs: hepatoxicity, pyridoxine (vit B6) deficiency= peripheral neuropathy, optic neuritis (rare)
119
Q

Bepotastine (Bepreve)

A

Mast cell stabilizer + antihistamine combo

120
Q

Levobunolol (Betagan)

A

*Adrenergic antagonist*- non-selective beta blocker

121
Q

Tamoxifen (Nolvadex)

A

Estrogen Antagonist

  • agonist inhibitor of estradiol
  • Tx- breast cancer
  • ADRs
    • crystalline retinopathy
    • whorl keratopathy
    • thromboembolism
    • fatty liver
    • hot flashes
    • increased risk of uterine cancer
122
Q

Polysporin

A

Bacitracin (gram +) + polymyxin B (gram -)

123
Q

Warfarin (Coumadin)

A

Anticoagulant

  • vitamin K antagonist- interferes with clotting factors (dependent on vit K for synthesis)
  • ADRS
    • d/c 96-115 hours (4 doses ) prior to catarct surgery
124
Q

Ceftriaxone (Rocephin)

A

3rd generation cephalosporin antibiotic (inhibits cell wall syn)

gram + and -

  • IV= tx of choice for gonococcal conjunctivitis and orbital cellulitis
125
Q

Gemfibrozil (Lopid)

A

Antihyperlipidemic agent

Fibric Acid

  • binds peroxisome proliferator activated receptor – increases activity of lipoprotein lipase- breaks down VLDL
  • ADRS
    • GI upset
    • skin rash
    • urticaria
    • myositis
126
Q

Hydrocortisone (Cortef)

A

Systemic steroid

  • tx of adrenal insufficiency
127
Q

Salmeterol (serevent)

A

Beta 2 agonist

long acting

tx: maintence therapy for asthma and COPD (not used as rescue inhaler)

does not have warning re: glaucoma pts

128
Q

Thioridazine (Mellaril)

A

Antipsychotic (Phenothiazine)

Anti- cholinergic

  • dopamine receptor antagonist
  • ADRs
    • parkinson like side effects
    • pigmentation effects (pigment on corneal endo, anterior stellate cataracts, hyperpigmentation of RPE)
    • anticholinergic effct- dry eye, mydriasis, increase IOP
    • oculogyric crisis
129
Q

Chlorothiazide (Diuril)

A

Thiazide diuretic

HTN med

  • inhibits NaCl reabsorption and decreases Ca excretion in DISTAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE
  • ADRs
    • acute transiet myopia and acute angle closure GL
    • DES
130
Q

Digoxin (Lanoxin)

A

CHF medication

  • inhibits Na/K ATPase enzyme = increased intracellular Ca
  • ADRs
    • retrobullblar optic neuritis
    • B/Y color defects
    • entopic phenomenon
131
Q

Azathioprine (Imuran)

A

Immunosuppressive agent

  • purine analog
  • Tx- RA, prevent kidney rejection, ocular myasthenia
132
Q

Fluoress

A

Fluorescein + Benoxinate

133
Q

Escitalopram (Lexapro)

A

Anti-depressant- selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor

  • ADRs
    • mydraiassis (caution in narrow angle pt)
    • serotonin syndrome
134
Q

Metaproterenol (Alupent)

A

Beta 2 agonist

short acting

  • no longer recommended for asthma b/c of cardio effects from beta 1 stimulation

GL warning (b/c increased IOP)

135
Q

Albuterol (Ventolin)

A

Beta 2 agonist

short acting

tx- rescue inhaler for asthma and COPD

GL warning (b/c increased IOP)

136
Q

Sildenafil (Viagra)

A

ED med

  • PDE-5 inhibitor (increasing blood flow and prolong effects of cGMP)
  • Systemic ADRs
    • flushing, HAs, sustained erection
  • ocular ADRS
    • color changes (cyanopsia- blue tint)
    • blurred vision
    • photosensitivity
137
Q

Atorvastatin (Lipitor)

A

Antihyperlipidemic agent

  • HMG CoA reducases inhibitor (used in synthesis of cholesterol)
  • lower LDL and triglycerides
  • increases HDL
  • first line tx for high cholesterol
  • ADRs
    • hepatotoxicity
    • myopathy
    • contraindicated in pregnancy
138
Q

Clonidine (Catapres)

A

Alpha 2 agonist

139
Q

Aminoglycosides (drugs and main facts)

A

gentamicin and tobramycin

  • gram - > gram +
  • ADRs
    • SPK and delayed corneal re-epithelialization
140
Q

Levofloxacin (Quixin)

A

3rd generation fluoroquinolone

141
Q

Acetazolamide (Diamox)

A

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

Oral

  • Tx of acute angle attacks
  • Side effects - metallic taste, tingling, metabolic acidosis - bone marrow suppression and aplastic anemia (fatal!!) - malaise, fatigue, weight loss, impotence, depression, diarrhea - myopic shift contraindicated - COPD - pregnancy - sulfa allergy
142
Q

Ranibizumab (Lucentis)

A

Monoclonal antibody

targets VEGF - intravitreal injection

tx of ARMD

143
Q

Pyridostigmine (Mestinon)

A

*Indirect cholinergic agonist* -

“rid” (treatment) of MG

144
Q

Fluconazole (Diflucan)

A

Anti-fungal

inhibits ergosterol synthesis

ADR- hepatotoxicity

145
Q

Methylphenidate (Ritalin)

A

dopamine agonist

tx- ADHD, narcolepsy, depression

  • ADRs
    • adrenergic agonist effects - mydriasis and dry eye (caution in narrow angle GL)
146
Q

Pyrimethamine (Daraprim)

A

antibiotic (folate acid synthesis inhibitor)

  • inhibits dihydrofolate reductase (converts hydrofolic acid–> tetrahydrofolic acid) second step of synthesis
  • orally for ocular toxo
  • ADRs - bone marrow suppression –> anemia, leukopenia, granulocytopenia
147
Q

Fexofenadine (Allegra)

A

H1 blocker - second generation

Tx- allergic rhinitis and chronic urticaria

ADRs:

  • less CNS/anticholinergic effects vs first generation
148
Q

Miconazole (monostat-derm)

A

Anti-fungal

inhibits ergosterol synthesis

ADR- hepatotoxicity

149
Q

Refresh Tears

A

ocular lubricant

150
Q

Enalapril (Vasotec)

A

ACE ihbitior- HTN med

  • prevents formation of angiotensin II and blocks metabolsim of bradykinins (= vasodilation)
  • ADRs
    • cough
151
Q

Pegaptanib (Macugen)

A

Antieoplastic agent

inhibits VEG-F - intravitreal injection

tx of ARMD

152
Q

Rimexolone (Vexol)

A

Steroid- potent

153
Q

Ethambutol (Myambutol)

A

Tb drug

  • inhibits synthesis of mycobacterial cell wall- inhibits arabinosyl transferase
  • ADR- optic neurtitis (retrobulbar and bilateral)
154
Q

Pilocarpine

A

*Direct Cholinergic agonist*

  • 30% IOP reduction (increase outflow- corneal scleral)
  • short half life
  • uses
    • s/p angle closure attack
    • 1%- to differentiate 3rd CN palsy vs sphincter tear
    • 0.125% dx of Adies pupil
  • ADRs
    • Brow ache, HAs, myopic shifts - Miosis - Cataracts - RD - Secondary angle closure GL
155
Q

Bromocriptine (Parlodel)

A

dopamine agonist

tx- hyperprolacinemia

156
Q

Olopatadine 0.1% (Patanol)

A

Mast cell stabilizer + antihistamine combo

157
Q

Erythromycin

A

macrolide antibiotic (50S protein inhibitor)

  • topical ung
  • prophylaxis opthalmia neonatorum
158
Q

Misoprostol (Cytotec)

A

Prostaglandin EI (synthetic)

  • provention and treatment of NSAID induced stomach ulcers

ADRS- miscarriages and premature labor

159
Q

Diclofenac sodium (Voltaren)

A

NSAID

corneal melting in generic form

160
Q

Cyclopentolate

A

*Cholinergic antagonist*

Cycloplegic effects- fastest onset and shortest duration

standard cycloplegic agent

161
Q

Hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil)

A

Inhibits phospholipase A2 and causes build up of heme (similar to choloroquine)

uses:

  • lupus, RA, malaria

ADRs

  • whorl keratopathy
  • Bull’s eye maculopathy
    • >5mg/gk/day (or 400mg/ day )
    • risk factors
      • tx duration >5 years
      • abnormal renal functions
      • liver disease
      • age > 60
      • high body fat
      • concomitant retinal disease
    • 10-2 VF and OCT ( can also do multifocal ERG and fundus autofluorescence)
162
Q

Mannitol (Osmitrol)

A

Osmotic diuretic

HTN med

  • increases plasma osmolarity
  • ADR
    • contraindicated in pt with pulmondary edema, dehydration adn CHF
    • DES
163
Q

Piroxicam (Feldene)

A

NSAID- Reversible COX 1 and COX 2 inhibitor

Tx- scleritis and episcleritis

ADRS

  • increase risk of bleeding complications in eye
  • GI bleeding
  • cardiovascular events (MI or stroke) (contraindicated in pts with coronary artery disease/ stroke)
164
Q

Amphotericin B (Amphocin)

A

Anti-fungal

binds ergosterol and forms pores- leaking out contents = cell death

Tx - fungal keratitis (ung)

IV form- systemic and intraocular fungal infections

ADR- nephrotoxicity (IV form)

165
Q

Cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune, Restasis)

A

immunosuppressive agent

  • inhibits release and production of interleukin 2 (responsible for T cell activiation)
  • TX- topical- keratoconjunctivitis sicca
  • ADRs
    • opportunistic infections
    • malignancies
    • HTN
    • kidney dysfunction
166
Q

Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin)

A

NSAID- Reversible COX 1 and COX 2 inhibitor

Tx- scleritis and episcleritis

ADRS

  • increase risk of bleeding complications in eye
  • GI bleeding
  • cardiovascular events (MI or stroke) (contraindicated in pts with coronary artery disease/ stroke)
167
Q

Tramadol (Ultram)

A

Non-opiate analesic

  • agonist at Mu optiate receptors and inhibits serotonin and norE uptake
  • ADRs
    • dry mouth
    • sedation
    • dizziness
    • nausea
168
Q

Chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton)

A

H1 blocker (first generation)

Anti- cholinergic

Tx- allergic skin reactions

ADRS

  • sedation
  • anticholinergic effects (mydrasis, dry eye, dry mouth, tachycardia)
169
Q

Scopolamine

A

*Cholinergic antagonist*

CNS toxicity!

170
Q

Bactrim

A

Sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim

171
Q

Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)

A

Anti-viral inhibits influenza A and B viral neuroaminidase

172
Q

Dipyridamole (Persantine)

A

Anticoagulant

  • inhibits adenosine deaminase and phosphodiesterase = accumulation of cAMP and adensosine= inhibit platelet aggregation
  • ADRS
    • increased risk of bleeding
173
Q

Sodium Chloride (Muro 128)

A

Hyperosmostic agent

reduces corneal edema

174
Q

Zafirlukast (Accolate)

A

miscullaneous respiratory agent

leukotriene receptor antagonist

tx- asthma, bronchoconstriction

175
Q

Chloramphenicol (chloroptic)

A

50S protein synthesis inhibitor

gram + and -

ADR

  • fatal aplastic anemia
  • optic neuritis
176
Q

Venlafaxine (Effexor)

A

Anti-depressant- selective NorE reuptake inhibitor

  • inhibits serotonin and NorE reuptake
  • Tx- depression, anxiety, panic disorder
  • ADRs
    • mydraiassis (caution in narrow angle pt)
    • serotonin syndrome
177
Q

Combigan

A

Timolol 0.5% + Brimonidine 0.2%

178
Q

Flurbiprofen (Ocufen)

A

NSAID

contains thimerosal

179
Q

Amantadine (Symmetrel)

A

dopamine agonist

tx- Parkinson’s disease

180
Q

Bacitracin

A

cell wall synthesis inhibitor antibiotic

inhibits transfer of peptidoglycans into cell wall - Gram +

tx:

  • blepharitis
181
Q

Lacrilube

A

ocular ointment

182
Q

Nedocromil (Alocril)

A

Mast cell stabilizer

183
Q

Diltiazem (Cardizem)

A

Calcium channel blocker

HTN med

blocks L type Ca channels

decrease peripheral vascular resistance

ADR

  • have direct cardiac effects
    • negative chronotropism (decrease HR)
    • ionotropism (decrease contractility)

contraindicated in GL pts taking timolol (b/c greater risk of bradycardia and heart failure)

184
Q

Epinastine (Elestat)

A

Mast cell stabilizer + antihistamine combo

185
Q

Metronidazole (MetroGel)

A

Derm med

  • topical agent for acne rosacea
  • disrupts DNA and inhibits nucleic acid synthesis
  • anti-inflammatory properties
  • ADRs
    • irritation of skin and eyes possible
186
Q

Zidovudine (Retrovir) (AZT)

A

Antiviral HIV

  • tx nucleosdie analog of thymidine inhibitor of reverse transcriptase
  • ADRs - bone marrow suppression - lactic acidosis - muscle breakdown
187
Q

Lovastatin (Mevacor)

A

Antihyperlipidemic agent

HMG CoA reducases inhibitor (used in synthesis of cholesterol)

  • lower LDL and triglycerides
  • increases HDL
  • first line tx for high cholesterol
  • ADRs
    • hepatotoxicity
    • myopathy
    • contraindicated in pregnancy
188
Q

Metipranolol (Optipranolol)

A

*Adrenergic antagonist*- non- selective beta blocker

189
Q

Fluticasone (Flonase)

A

Systemic Steroid

= intranasal (topical) steroid

tx- allergic rhinitis

ADRS

  • cataracts
  • increased IOP
  • conjunctivitis
  • DES
190
Q

Ciprofloxacin (Ciloxan, Cipro)

A

2nd generation fluoroquinolone

191
Q

Tobramycin (Tobrex)

A

aminoglycoside antibiotic (30S protein inhibitor)

192
Q

Sucralfate (Carafate)

A

Gastic lining protector

ADRs- interfere with absorption of oral meds

193
Q

Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)

A

miscullaneous respiratory agent

breaks disulfide bonds in proteins of mucus

topic opthalmic form

  • filamentary keratitis
  • DES
  • corneal burns
194
Q

Triamterene (Dyrenium)

A

Potassium- sparing diuretic

directly blocks epithelial sodium channels- blocks action of aldosterone in late DCT and collecting ducts= increases excretion of sodium and water and decreases secretion of K+

(does not have antiandrogen effects vs spironolactone)

ADRs

  • hyperkalemia
  • DES
195
Q

Sulfisoxazole (Gantrisin)

A

sulfonamide antibiotic (inhibits folic acid synthesis)

196
Q

Proparacaine (Opthaine)

A

topical local anesthetic (ester)

197
Q

Dorzolamide (Trusopt) -

A

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

topical - tx GL - sulfa based - ADRs- stings and metallic taste

198
Q

Lindane (Kwell)

A

Anti-parasitic drug

lipophilic structure absorbed through insect exoskeleton- leading to seizures and death

tx lice and scabies

ADRs- can cause conjunctivitis

199
Q

Dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine)

A

dopamine agonist

  • tx- ADHD, narcolepsy, depression
  • ADRs
    • adrenergic agonist effects - mydriasis and dry eye (caution in narrow angle GL)
200
Q

Restasis (Cyclosporine)

A

T cell inhibitor (suppresses inflammation)

stops production of interleukin-2

Tx of DES

201
Q

Methotrexate (Rheumatrex)

A

immunosuppressant

  • inhibits dihydrofolate reductase
  • TX- rheumatoid arthritis
  • ADRs
    • hepatotoxicity
    • myelosuppresion
    • increased risk of opportunistic infections
202
Q

Azelastine (Optivar)

A

Mast cell stabilizer + antihistamine combo

203
Q

Tobradex

A

tobramycin + dexamethasone

  • Rx inflammatory ocular condition with associated bacterial infection
  • eg. staph marginal keratitis, corneal infiltrates
204
Q

Hydralazine (Apresoline)

A

HTN med

  • increases cGMP = smooth muscle relaxation
  • ADRS
    • compensatory tachycardia
    • fluid retention
    • lupus like syndrome
    • conjuctivitis and increased lacrimation
205
Q

Betaxolol (Betoptic-S)

A

*Adrenergic antagonist*- Beta 1 specific blocker -

  • Neuroprotective
206
Q

Glipizide (Glucotrol)

A

Sulfonylureas (oral DM medication)

  • increases secretion of insulin
  • ADRS
    • hypoglycemia
    • sulfa allergy
    • with beta blockers incease risk of hypoglycemia
207
Q

Glyburide (Diabeta, Micronase)

A

Sulfonylureas (oral DM medication)

  • increases secretion of insulin
  • ADRS
    • hypoglycemia
    • sulfa allergy
    • with beta blockers incease risk of hypoglycemia
208
Q

Terbutaline (Brethine)

A

Beta 2 agonist

short acting

tx- rescue inhaler for asthma and COPD

GL warning (b/c increased IOP)

209
Q

Foscarnet (Foscavir)

A

Anti-viral

IV solution

CMV retinitis (when ganciclovir fails or HSV resistant infections in AIDS pts

ADR - nephrotoxicity and seizures

210
Q

Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed)

A

non specific alpha and beta agonist

Tx- cold medication

ADRS

  • increaased SNS (tachycardia, bronchodilation, nervousness/ agitation)
  • diplopia, blurred vision
  • increased IOP
211
Q

Moxifloxacin (Vigamox, Avelox)

A

4nd generation fluoroquinolone

212
Q

Tetrahydrozoline (Visine)

A

Adrenergic (alpha) agonist

ocular decongestant

213
Q

Pioglitazone (Actos)

A

Thiazolidinedione (oral DM medication)

  • activate peroxisome proliferator- activated receptor gamma to increase glucose uptake in muscles and fatty tissue
  • used to combat insulin resistance
  • ADRS
    • new or worsening macular edema
    • peripheral tissue edema
    • heart failure
    • hypoglycemia
214
Q

Echothiophate (Phospholine)

A

*Indirect Cholinergic Agonist*

Dx or treatment of accommodative Esotropia (rarely for GL)

IRREVERSIBLE AchE agent

215
Q

Benoxinate

A

topical local anesthetic (ester)

216
Q

Sulfamethoxazole (Gantanol)

A

sulfonamide antibiotic (inhibits folic acid synthesis)

217
Q

Vardenafil (Levitra)

A

ED med

  • PDE-5 inhibitor (increasing blood flow and prolong effects of cGMP)
  • Systemic ADRs
    • flushing, HAs, sustained erection
  • ocular ADRS
    • color changes (cyanopsia- blue tint)
    • blurred vision
    • photosensitivity
218
Q

Prazosin (Minipress)

A

Alpha 1 antagonist

(prevent vasocontriction)

tx- BPH, HTN

ADRs- floppy iris sydrome

219
Q

Benazepril (Lotensin)

A

ACE ihbitior- HTN med

  • prevents formation of angiotensin II and blocks metabolsim of bradykinins (= vasodilation)
  • ADRs
    • cough
220
Q

Naloxone (Narcan)

A

Opioid antagonist

reverse effects of opiates

221
Q

Difluprednate (Durezol)

A

Potent steroid

highest potential for steroid response

222
Q

Labetolol (Trandate)

A

Beta blocker - non selective

HTN med

ADRS:

  • CNS- disorientation, depression, fatigue
  • Cardio - bradycardia, arrhythmias, syncope
  • Pulmonary- dyspnea, wheezing, bronchospasm
  • GI- nausea, vomitting, diarrhea, ab pain
  • Reproductive- ED
223
Q

Timolol (Timoptic)

A

*Adrenergic antagonist* non-selective beta blocker -

Tx GL

  • decrease AQ production
  • 25% IOP reduction
  • dose in morning
  • long term drift (IOP gradually rises) and short-term escape (IOP initially lowers but then returns to normal after weeks of starting tx)
  • use with caution - DM (masks hypoglycemia) - hypertyroidism (masks sx) - MG (exacerbates sx of weakness)
224
Q

Tropicamide

A

*Cholinergic antagonist*

  • Mydriatic effect- fast onset and shortest duration
  • safe drug
225
Q

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

A

H1 blocker (first generation)

Anti- cholinergic

Tx- allergic skin reactions

ADRS

  • sedation
  • anticholinergic effects (mydrasis, dry eye, dry mouth, tachycardia)
226
Q

Ganciclovir ophthalmic gel (Zirgan)

A

Antiviral

HSV keratitis and CMV retinitis (intraocular capsule)

inhibits DNA polymerase

dose 5x/day

ADRs - blurred vision and ocular irritation (reduced corneal toxicity vs Viroptic) - possible RD and vitreous hemorrhage

227
Q

Ipratropium (Atrovent)

A

Anti-cholinergic

  • muscarinic block= bronchodilation

caution in narrow angle GL (causes pupil dilation and anterior shift of iris)

228
Q

Omeprazole (Prilosec)

A

Proton pump imhibitor

Tx- GERD

229
Q

Emadastine (Emadine )

A

H1 Antihistamine

Tx of allergic conjunctivitis

230
Q

Esomeprazole (Nexium)

A

Proton pump imhibitor

Tx- GERD

231
Q

Tetracyclines (drugs and main facts)

A

tetracycline, doxycline, minocycline

  • bind to 30S subunit
  • inhibit protein synthesis
  • doxy- meibomainitis and acne, chlamydial ocular infections and after RCE
  • mino- acne vulgaris
  • do not take with food (dairy, antacids and iron chealating componds) EXCEPT doxy (can take w/ food)
  • excreted through kidneys (except doxy- though fecal matter)
  • ADRs
    • contraindicated in pregnancy and children
    • pseduotumor cerebri
    • bone growth retardation
    • teeth discoloration
    • minocycline– blue sclera, pigmented cysts on conj
232
Q

Protein synthesis inhibitors antibiotics (names)

A

30S inhibitors

  • aminoglycosides (gentamicin, tobramycin)
  • tetracyclines (tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline)

50S inhibitors

  • chloramphenicol
  • macrolides (erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin)
  • lincomycin
  • clindamycin
233
Q

Griseofulvin (Grifulvin)

A

Anti-fungal

inhibits fungal mitosis- interferes with microtubule formation

tx -scalp and skin infections

234
Q

Naproxen sodium (Aleve)

A

NSAID- Reversible COX 1 and COX 2 inhibitor

Tx- scleritis and episcleritis

ADRS

  • increase risk of bleeding complications in eye
  • GI bleeding
  • cardiovascular events (MI or stroke) (contraindicated in pts with coronary artery disease/ stroke)
235
Q

Bacteriostatic antibiotics

A

tetracyclines

trimethoprim

sodium sulfacetamide

erythromycin

236
Q

Bromocriptine (Parlodel)

A

Antiparkinsonian med

  • dopamine agonist
  • tx- prolactin secreting pituitary adenoma or parkinsons
237
Q

Celluvisc

A

ocular ointment

238
Q

Fluoxetine (Prozac)

A

Anti-depressant- selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor

  • ADRs
    • mydraiassis (caution in narrow angle pt)
    • serotonin syndrome
239
Q

Ribavirin (Copegus or Rebetol)

A

Antiviral

Hep C tx

  • inhibits viral RNA polymerase
  • ADRS - conjunctivitis
    • (RIBAViriN:)
      • Retinal detachment
      • Ischemia (cotton wool spots)
      • Bleeding (retinal hemorrhages)
      • Arterial and venous occlusions
      • Optic neuritis
240
Q

Sulfadiazine (Microsulfan)

A

sulfonamide antibiotic (inhibits folic acid synthesis)

241
Q

Lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril)

A

ACE ihbitior- HTN med

  • prevents formation of angiotensin II and blocks metabolsim of bradykinins (= vasodilation)
  • ADRs
    • cough
242
Q

Atenolol (Tenormin)

A

Beta blocker - beta 1 specific

HTN med

ADRS:

  • CNS- disorientation, depression, fatigue
  • Cardio - bradycardia, arrhythmias, syncope
  • Pulmonary- dyspnea, wheezing, bronchospasm
  • GI- nausea, vomitting, diarrhea, ab pain
  • Reproductive- ED
243
Q

Verapamil (Calan, Isoptin)

A

Calcium channel blocker

HTN med

  • blocks L type Ca channels
  • decrease peripheral vascular resistance

ADR

  • have direct cardiac effects
    • negative chronotropism (decrease HR)
    • ionotropism (decrease contractility)

contraindicated in GL pts taking timolol (b/c greater risk of bradycardia and heart failure)

244
Q

Clonidine (Catapres)

A

CNS alpha 2 agonist

HTN med

  • decreases sympathetic outflow–> decreased vascular resistance and decreased heart rate
  • ADRs
    • dry mouth
    • sedation
    • impotence
    • severe rebound HTN

Parent compound of apraclonidine (cand decrease IOP)

245
Q

Meperidine (Demerol)

A

Opiate analgesic

  • agonist at Mu, Kappa and Delta opiate receptors
  • potent analgesics
  • addictive
  • ADRs
    • miosis
    • resp depression
    • drowsiness
    • sedation
    • nausea

build up of normeperidine - causes seizures, increased ICP and papilledema

NBEO (1 decks)

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