Nazis Rise to power

Question 1

Which party was known as the DAP?

Answer 1

German Workers’ Party

Question 2

Who founded the DAP on 5 January 1919?

Answer 2

Anton Drexler

Question 3

How many people attended Hitler’s first meeting at the DAP?

Answer 3

Only 23

Question 4

What position in the DAP did Hitler take in January 1920?

Answer 4

Head of party propaganda

Question 5

What was the name of the document containing the DAP’s policies, written by Hitler and Drexler?

Answer 5

The Twenty-Five Point Programme

Question 6

What were the two main sets of policies in the Twenty-Five Point Programme?

Answer 6

Socialist: to do with living conditions and the economy

Nationalist: to do with strengthening Germany

Question 7

Give three examples of socialist policies in the Twenty-Five Point Programme

Answer 7

Any from:

Increase pensions for the elderly

Nationalise industries

Everyone should have a job

All citizens should have equal rights and duties

The state should protect mothers and infants

Question 8

What did the Twenty-Five Point Programme state about the Treaty of Versailles?

Answer 8

Germany should get rid of it

Question 9

What did the Twenty-Five Point Programme state about German citizenship?

Answer 9

Only German races may be members of the nation. No Jew may be a citizen

Question 10

What did the Twenty-Five Point Programme state about Germany’s armed forces?

Answer 10

They should be strengthened

Question 11

What did the Twenty-Five Point Programme state about Germany’s territory?

Answer 11

It should be expanded to create “living space” (Lebensraum) for the population

Question 12

What did Hitler rename the DAP

Answer 12

NSDAP

Question 13

What logo did the NSDAP adopt?

Answer 13

Swastica

Question 14

What could the Nazis afford to buy in December 1920 and why?

Answer 14

People’s observer- a newspaper they could use to promote propoganda

Question 15

What paramilitary force in the NSDAP was founded in August 1921?

Answer 15

The SA

Question 16

What colour uniform did the SA have?

Answer 16

Brown shirts

Question 17

Who was put in charge of the SA?

Answer 17

Herman Goring

Ersnt Rohm from 1931

Question 18

What were selected members of the SA selected to become a part of?

Answer 18

The SS

Question 19

Give THREE ways in which the failures of the Weimar Republic led to the Munich Putsch

Answer 19

a
1) Support for nationalist parties grew because of the Treaty of Versailles (leading to reparations, loss of colonies and the Dolchstoss theory)

2) The Bavarian government opposed the Weimar Republic and turned a blind eye to the SA

3) Stresemann’s “fulfilment” policy was accused by the NSDAP of “national betrayal”

Question 20

Which other fascist leader inspired Hitler to carry out the Munich Putsch, and how?

Answer 20

Mussolini (in Italy)

He led a “march on Rome” in 1922, forcing the Italian government to accept him as their new leader

Question 21

Which revolts in Germany gave Hitler the idea of marching on a city and taking power?

Answer 21

The Spartacist Uprising and the Kapp Putsch

Question 22

Give THREE ways in which the long-term growth of the Nazi Party led to the Munich Putsch

Answer 22

1) The party had strengthened to 50,000 members by 1923, with its own newspaper and permanent office by 1920

2) The SA were wild and difficult to control by 1923 - Hitler needed to give them something to do

3) The NSDAP had won the support of Ludendorff, the famous WWI general

Question 23

Give TWO ways in which hyperinflation led to the Munich Putsch

Answer 23

1) Things that cost 100 marks in 1922 now cost 200,000 billion marks in 1923 - buying everyday goods became almost impossible

2) The Weimar Republic called off the passive resistance in the Ruhr in September 1923, making it appear weak

Question 24

Describe the SOCIALIST ideas contained in Mein Kampf

Answer 24

The wealth of industry and land should benefit German working people, not the landowners and industrialists

Question 25

Describe the TOTALITARIAN ideas in Mein Kampf

Answer 25

Power should be put in the hands of one leader who could organise everything for the benefit of the people

Question 26

Describe the ANTISEMITIC ideas in Mein Kampf

Answer 26

Hitler believed that the Aryan race was destined to rule the world, and Jewish people were planning to weaken it through intermarriage

Question 27

Describe the TRADITIONAL GERMAN ideas in Mein Kampf

Answer 27

There should be strong family values, clear male and female roles, a strong work ethic, Christian morality and old-style arts

Question 28

Describe the NATIONALIST ideas in Mein Kampf

Answer 28

The Treaty of Versailles should be reversed. Germany needed to expand to create Lebensraum (living space) for the German people and to provide land for German farmers

Question 29

In what ways was Mein Kampf NOT significant in 1920s Germany?

Answer 29

It didn’t sell many copies before 1930 It wasn’t written very well

Question 30

What name was given to the 35 local leaders of the Nazi Party?

Answer 30

Gauleiters

Question 31

Who became a powerful Gauleiter in the Rhineland?

Answer 31

Joseph Goebbels

Question 32

How did Hitler pay for the reorganisation of the Nazi Party?

Answer 32

He raised money from wealthy industrialists who shared his nationalist views

Question 33

Give two reasons why Hitler did not fully trust the SA

Answer 33

1) They were violent thugs and difficult to control 2) They had become loyal to Ernst Röhm while Hitler was in prison

Question 34

What did Hitler set up in 1925 to reduce his reliance on the SA?

Answer 34

The SS (Schutzstaffel or ‘Protection Squad’

Question 35

How was the SS different to the SA

Answer 35

Full loyalty to Hitler, came from middle class instead of working class

Question 36

When did the Great Depression begin?

Answer 36

October 1929

Question 37

What did people do as the Wall Street Crash began in New York?

Answer 37

Sold their shares before their investments fell further

Question 38

How did banks in America respond to the Wall Street Crash?

Answer 38

They recalled the short-term loans they had given to Germany as part of the Dawes Plan

Question 39

How did German people respond to the Wall Street Crash?

Answer 39

They took their money out of their bank accounts, fearing the banks would not let them access their money

Question 40

How did banks in Germany respond to the Wall Street Crash?

Answer 40

They demanded the money they had lent to German businesses in industry and agriculture

Question 41

What impact did the Wall Street Crash have on German industries and farms?

Answer 41

They had to scale back production or even close down

Question 42

What impact did the Wall Street Crash have on German industrial production by 1932?

Answer 42

It was at 40% of its 1929 level

Question 43

What impact did the Wall Street Crash have on German workers?

Answer 43

They became unemployed

Question 44

How did the Wall Street Crash create a downward spiral for German industry?

Answer 44

Unemployed workers became poorer Poorer people couldn’t buy as much Less buying meant sales fell Falling sales meant companies were forced to make more workers unemployed

Question 45

What proportion of German workers were unemployed by 1932?

Answer 45

One in three

Question 46

How many German workers were unemployed when Hitler became Chancellor in January 1933?

Answer 46

6.1 million

Question 47

What impact did the Great Depression have on unemployed people in Germany?

Answer 47

Unemployment benefits were cut, and the national government gave the responsibility of helping them to local authorities

Question 48

How old was President Hindenburg when he stood for re-election in 1932?

Answer 48

84

Question 49

What was the result of the presidential election in March 1932?

Answer 49

Hindenburg: 18 million votes (49.6%) Hitler: 11 million votes (30%) Thalmann (KPD): 5 million votes (14%)

Question 50

Why was the presidential election of March 1932 repeated again the following month?

Answer 50

No candidate had achieved 50% of the vote

Question 51

What was the result of the re-run of the presidential election in April 1932?

Answer 51

Hindenburg: 19 million votes (53%) Hitler: 13 million votes (36%) Thalmann (KPD): 4 million votes (11%)

Question 52

Even though Hitler did not win, why was the result of the April 1932 presidential election a good one for the Nazis?

Answer 52

1) The Nazis had won 2 million more votes 2) The KPD had lost 1 million votes

Question 53

What TWO things did the moderate Chancellor, Heinrich Brüning, do in April 1932 which lost him support in the Reichstag?

Answer 53

1) Banned the SS and SA 2) Announced a plan to buy up land from large landowners and use it to house the unemployed

Question 54

What was Brüning forced to do, having lost the support of the President and Reichstag, on 30 May 1932?

Answer 54

Resign as Chancellor

Question 55

Following Brüning’s resignation, who did Kurt von Schleicher suggest as a new Chancellor to Hindenburg?

Answer 55

Franz von Papen, a wealthy gentleman politician

Question 56

What did von Schleicher tell Hindenburg von Papen could do as Chancellor if the Nazis supported him?

Answer 56

Govern without the Reichstag (using Article 48)

Question 57

On what condition did Hitler agree to support von Papen as Chancellor?

Answer 57

If the ban on the SA was removed

Question 58

When von Papen became Chancellor, what did von Schleicher say about the Nazis?

Answer 58

They were ‘merely children who had to be led by the hand’

Question 59

How well did the Nazis do in the Reichstag elections of July 1932?

Answer 59

They won 230 seats and became the largest party (38% of the vote)

Question 60

What did Hitler demand after the July 1932 Reichstag elections?

Answer 60

To become Chancellor

Question 61

What did von Papen do after the Nazis became the largest party in the Reichstag?

Answer 61

Called for another election in november 1932

Question 62

How did the Nazis perform in the November 1932 Reichstag elections?

Answer 62

Dropped to 196 Seats but remained majority

Question 63

Who did Hindenburg replace von Papen as Chancellor with on 2 December 1932?

Answer 63

Kurt von Schleicher

Question 64

Why was von Schleicher unable to govern as Chancellor

Answer 64

Had a lack of parlimentary support in the reichstag

Question 65

Why did von Papen suggest making Hitler Chancellor?

Answer 65

-Revenge against von schliecher -Underestimating Hitler and believing that he could be controlled -He could be vice chancellor as agreed in the Hitler-Papen agreement.