Nazi Germany KEY DATES Flashcards
January 30th 1933
Adolf Hitler is appointed ๐๐ต๐ฎ๐ป๐ฐ๐ฒ๐น๐น๐ผ๐ฟ ๐ผ๐ณ ๐๐ฒ๐ฟ๐บ๐ฎ๐ป๐.
February 27th 1933
๐ง๐ต๐ฒ ๐ฅ๐ฒ๐ถ๐ฐ๐ต๐๐๐ฎ๐ด ๐ณ๐ถ๐ฟ๐ฒ - the Nazi leadership and its coalition partners used the fire to claim that Communists were planning a violent uprising. They claimed that emergency legislation was needed to prevent this. The resulting act, commonly known as the Reichstag Fire Decree, abolished a number of constitutional protections and paved the way for Nazi dictatorship.
February 28th 1933
๐ฅ๐ฒ๐ถ๐ฐ๐ต๐๐๐ฎ๐ด ๐๐ถ๐ฟ๐ฒ ๐๐ฒ๐ฐ๐ฟ๐ฒ๐ฒ - Nazis exploited the Reichstag fire to secure President Hindenburgโs approval for an emergency decree.
The Reichstag Fire Decree ๐ฝ๐ฒ๐ฟ๐บ๐ถ๐๐๐ฒ๐ฑ ๐๐ต๐ฒ ๐ฟ๐ฒ๐ด๐ถ๐บ๐ฒ ๐๐ผ ๐ฎ๐ฟ๐ฟ๐ฒ๐๐ ๐ฎ๐ป๐ฑ ๐ถ๐ป๐ฐ๐ฎ๐ฟ๐ฐ๐ฒ๐ฟ๐ฎ๐๐ฒ ๐ฝ๐ผ๐น๐ถ๐๐ถ๐ฐ๐ฎ๐น ๐ผ๐ฝ๐ฝ๐ผ๐ป๐ฒ๐ป๐๐ ๐๐ถ๐๐ต๐ผ๐๐ ๐๐ฝ๐ฒ๐ฐ๐ถ๐ณ๐ถ๐ฐ ๐ฐ๐ต๐ฎ๐ฟ๐ด๐ฒ, dissolve political organisations, and to suppress publications. Gave the central government the authority to overrule state and local laws and overthrow state and local governments. THE DECREE WAS A KEY STEP IN THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE NAZI DICTATORSHIP.
March 5th 1933
An election is called.
March 22nd 1933
The SS establishes ๐๐ต๐ฒ ๐๐ฎ๐ฐ๐ต๐ฎ๐ ๐ฐ๐ผ๐ป๐ฐ๐ฒ๐ป๐๐ฟ๐ฎ๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป ๐ฐ๐ฎ๐บ๐ฝ - the first concentration camp built by Nazi Germany.
March 24th 1933
The Reichstag passed ๐๐ต๐ฒ ๐๐ป๐ฎ๐ฏ๐น๐ถ๐ป๐ด ๐๐ฐ๐ by 444 votes to 84 votes. The SPD voted against it.
April 1st 1933
Members of the Nazi Party and its affiliated organizations organize ๐ฎ ๐ป๐ฎ๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป๐๐ถ๐ฑ๐ฒ ๐ฏ๐ผ๐๐ฐ๐ผ๐๐ ๐ผ๐ณ ๐๐ฒ๐๐ถ๐๐ต-๐ผ๐๐ป๐ฒ๐ฑ ๐ฏ๐๐๐ถ๐ป๐ฒ๐๐๐ฒ๐ ๐ถ๐ป ๐๐ฒ๐ฟ๐บ๐ฎ๐ป๐ - marked the beginning of a nationwide campaign by the Nazi Party against Jews in Germany that would culminate in the Holocaust.
April 7th 1933
The German government issues ๐๐ต๐ฒ ๐๐ฎ๐ ๐ณ๐ผ๐ฟ ๐๐ต๐ฒ ๐ฅ๐ฒ๐๐๐ผ๐ฟ๐ฎ๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป ๐ผ๐ณ ๐๐ต๐ฒ ๐ฃ๐ฟ๐ผ๐ณ๐ฒ๐๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป๐ฎ๐น ๐๐ถ๐๐ถ๐น ๐ฆ๐ฒ๐ฟ๐๐ถ๐ฐ๐ฒ, which excludes Jews and other political opponents of the Nazis from all civil service positions.
April 25th 1933
The German government issues ๐๐ต๐ฒ ๐๐ฎ๐ ๐ฎ๐ด๐ฎ๐ถ๐ป๐๐ ๐ข๐๐ฒ๐ฟ๐ฐ๐ฟ๐ผ๐๐ฑ๐ถ๐ป๐ด ๐ถ๐ป ๐ฆ๐ฐ๐ต๐ผ๐ผ๐น๐ ๐ฎ๐ป๐ฑ ๐จ๐ป๐ถ๐๐ฒ๐ฟ๐๐ถ๐๐ถ๐ฒ๐, which dramatically limits the number of Jewish students attending public schools.
May 2nd 1933
๐ง๐ฟ๐ฎ๐ฑ๐ฒ ๐๐ป๐ถ๐ผ๐ป ๐ผ๐ณ๐ณ๐ถ๐ฐ๐ฒ๐ ๐๐ฎ๐ธ๐ฒ๐ป ๐ผ๐๐ฒ๐ฟ ๐ฏ๐ ๐๐ต๐ฒ ๐ฆ๐ ๐ฎ๐ป๐ฑ ๐ฆ๐ฆ and many union leaders arrested and sent to concentration camps.
All trade unions were merged into one organisation, the new German Labour Front (DAF)
May 10th 1933
๐๐ผ๐ผ๐ธ ๐๐๐ฟ๐ป๐ถ๐ป๐ด - books deemed โun-Germanโ are publicly burned throughout Germany.
July 14th 1933
The Nazi leadership passed ๐๐ต๐ฒ ๐๐ฎ๐ ๐ฎ๐ด๐ฎ๐ถ๐ป๐๐ ๐๐ต๐ฒ ๐๐ผ๐๐ป๐ฑ๐ถ๐ป๐ด ๐ผ๐ณ ๐ก๐ฒ๐ ๐ฃ๐ฎ๐ฟ๐๐ถ๐ฒ๐ - Germany became a one-party dictatorship as all parties except the Nazi Party were banned or pressured into dissolving themselves
July 14th 1933
The German government passes the โ๐๐ฎ๐ ๐ณ๐ผ๐ฟ ๐๐ต๐ฒ ๐ฃ๐ฟ๐ฒ๐๐ฒ๐ป๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป ๐ผ๐ณ ๐ข๐ณ๐ณ๐๐ฝ๐ฟ๐ถ๐ป๐ด ๐๐ถ๐๐ต ๐๐ฒ๐ฟ๐ฒ๐ฑ๐ถ๐๐ฎ๐ฟ๐ ๐๐ถ๐๐ฒ๐ฎ๐๐ฒ๐โ - a new German law mandates the forced sterilization of certain individuals with physical and mental disabilities.
October 4th 1933
๐ง๐ต๐ฒ ๐๐ฑ๐ถ๐๐ผ๐ฟ๐ ๐๐ฎ๐ forbids non-โAryansโ to work in journalism.
November 24th 1933
The German government passes a โ๐๐ฎ๐ ๐ฎ๐ด๐ฎ๐ถ๐ป๐๐ ๐๐ฎ๐ป๐ด๐ฒ๐ฟ๐ผ๐๐ ๐๐ฎ๐ฏ๐ถ๐๐๐ฎ๐น ๐๐ฟ๐ถ๐บ๐ถ๐ป๐ฎ๐น๐.โ The new law allows courts to order the indefinite imprisonment of โhabitual criminalsโ if they deem the person dangerous to society
January 30th 1934
The โ๐๐ฎ๐ ๐ณ๐ผ๐ฟ ๐๐ต๐ฒ ๐ฅ๐ฒ๐ฐ๐ผ๐ป๐๐๐ฟ๐๐ฐ๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป ๐ผ๐ณ ๐๐ต๐ฒ ๐ฅ๐ฒ๐ถ๐ฐ๐ตโ was passed, which abolished the Lรคnder (local governments) altogether and brought them under central control.
June 29th-30th 1934
๐ก๐ถ๐ด๐ต๐ ๐ผ๐ณ ๐๐ต๐ฒ ๐๐ผ๐ป๐ด ๐๐ป๐ถ๐๐ฒ๐ - Hitler orders a violent purge of the top leadership of the Nazi Party paramilitary formation, the SA. Hitler directs the SS to murder SA Chief of Staff Ernst Rรถhm and his top commanders. The SS also murders several conservative critics of the Nazi regime including Hitlerโs predecessor as Chancellor, General Kurt von Schleicher.
August 2nd 1934
๐ฃ๐ฟ๐ฒ๐๐ถ๐ฑ๐ฒ๐ป๐ ๐๐ถ๐ป๐ฑ๐ฒ๐ป๐ฏ๐๐ฟ๐ด ๐ฑ๐ถ๐ฒ๐. Hitler becomes President of Germany.
August 19th 1934
Hitler abolishes the office of President and ๐ฑ๐ฒ๐ฐ๐น๐ฎ๐ฟ๐ฒ๐ ๐ต๐ถ๐บ๐๐ฒ๐น๐ณ ๐รผ๐ต๐ฟ๐ฒ๐ฟ ๐ผ๐ณ ๐๐ต๐ฒ ๐๐ฒ๐ฟ๐บ๐ฎ๐ป ๐ฅ๐ฒ๐ถ๐ฐ๐ต ๐ฎ๐ป๐ฑ ๐ฃ๐ฒ๐ผ๐ฝ๐น๐ฒ, in addition to his position as Chancellor. In this expanded capacity, Hitler now becomes the absolute DICTATOR OF GERMANY, there are no legal or constitutional limits to his authority.
August 1934
The German army aligns itself behind the Nazi regime and ๐๐ผ๐ผ๐ธ ๐ฎ๐ป ๐ผ๐ฎ๐๐ต ๐ผ๐ณ ๐ฝ๐ฒ๐ฟ๐๐ผ๐ป๐ฎ๐น ๐น๐ผ๐๐ฎ๐น๐๐ ๐๐ผ ๐๐ถ๐๐น๐ฒ๐ฟ.
June 28th 1935
The German Ministry of Justice revises Paragraphs 175 and 175a of the German criminal code. The revision facilitates the systematic persecution of homosexual men and provides police with broader means for prosecuting them.
September 15th 1935
The German parliament passes the ๐ก๐๐ฟ๐ฒ๐บ๐ฏ๐ฒ๐ฟ๐ด ๐ฅ๐ฎ๐ฐ๐ฒ ๐๐ฎ๐๐. Consisted of two pieces of legislation: the Reich Citizenship Law and the Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honor.
The laws herald a new wave of antisemitic legislation that brings immediate and concrete segregation, institutionalizing many of the racial theories underpinning Nazi ideology and providing the legal framework for the systematic persecution of Jews in Germany.
August 1st 1936
๐ข๐น๐๐บ๐ฝ๐ถ๐ฐ ๐๐ฎ๐บ๐ฒ๐ ๐ผ๐ฝ๐ฒ๐ป๐ถ๐ป ๐๐ฒ๐ฟ๐น๐ถ๐ป - the Nazi dictatorship camouflages its racist, militaristic character while hosting the Summer Olympics. A propaganda success for the Nazi government.
November 8th 1937
๐๐ป๐๐ถ๐๐ฒ๐บ๐ถ๐๐ถ๐ฐ ๐๐ ๐ต๐ถ๐ฏ๐ถ๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป ๐ผ๐ฝ๐ฒ๐ป๐ ๐ถ๐ป ๐ ๐๐ป๐ถ๐ฐ๐ต - Goebbels, Reich propaganda minister, and Julius Streicher, editor of the antisemitic newspaper Der Stรผrmer (The Attacker) open the antisemitic exhibition Der Ewige Jude (The Eternal Jew) at the library of the German Museum in Munich, Germany.
The exhibition depicted stereotypical images of Jews to illustrate charges of a Jewish world conspiracy against Germany and links between Judaism and communism.
A traveling exhibition, it was shown in Berlin, Vienna, and various other German cities.
November 9th 1938
๐๐ฟ๐ถ๐๐๐ฎ๐น๐น๐ป๐ฎ๐ฐ๐ต๐ - in a nationwide pogrom called Kristallnacht, members of the Nazi Party and other Nazi formations burn synagogues, loot Jewish homes and businesses, and kill at least 91 Jews.
November 12th 1938
German government issues the ๐๐ฒ๐ฐ๐ฟ๐ฒ๐ฒ ๐ผ๐ป ๐๐ต๐ฒ ๐๐น๐ถ๐บ๐ถ๐ป๐ฎ๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป ๐ผ๐ณ ๐๐ต๐ฒ ๐๐ฒ๐๐ ๐ณ๐ฟ๐ผ๐บ ๐๐ฐ๐ผ๐ป๐ผ๐บ๐ถ๐ฐ ๐๐ถ๐ณ๐ฒ - bars Jews from operating retail stores, sales agencies, and from carrying on a trade. The law also forbids Jews from selling goods or services at an establishment of any kind.
May 20th 1940
The ๐๐๐๐ฐ๐ต๐๐ถ๐๐ ๐ฐ๐ฎ๐บ๐ฝ ๐ถ๐ ๐ฒ๐๐๐ฎ๐ฏ๐น๐ถ๐๐ต๐ฒ๐ฑ - SS authorities establish the largest concentration camp complex of the Nazi regime.
September 1st 1941
All Jews over six years of age in the Reich, Alsace, Bohemia-Moravia and the Germanโannexed territory of western Poland, are ordered ๐๐ผ ๐๐ฒ๐ฎ๐ฟ ๐ฎ๐ป ๐ถ๐ฑ๐ฒ๐ป๐๐ถ๐ณ๐๐ถ๐ป๐ด ๐๐ฒ๐น๐น๐ผ๐ ๐ฆ๐๐ฎ๐ฟ ๐ผ๐ณ ๐๐ฎ๐๐ถ๐ฑ ๐ฏ๐ฎ๐ฑ๐ด๐ฒ ๐ผ๐ป ๐๐ต๐ฒ๐ถ๐ฟ ๐ผ๐๐๐ฒ๐ฟ ๐ฐ๐น๐ผ๐๐ต๐ถ๐ป๐ด ๐ถ๐ป ๐ฝ๐๐ฏ๐น๐ถ๐ฐ ๐ฎ๐ ๐ฎ๐น๐น ๐๐ถ๐บ๐ฒ๐. They used the badge not only to stigmatize and humiliate Jews but also to segregate them, to watch and control their movements, and to prepare for deportation.
