Nazi Germany - Education

Question 1

How did the structure of education change under the Nazis?

Answer 1

• centralised system
• separate education for girls and boys
• private primary schools and confessional schools abolished
• Napolas set up
• Adolf Hitler Schools set up
• Castles of the Order (𝘖𝘳𝘥𝘦𝘯𝘴𝘣𝘶𝘳𝘨𝘦𝘯) set up

Question 2

Who was made the head of the new Ministry for Education, Culture and Science of the Reich?

Answer 2

Bernhard Rust

Question 3

𝗦𝘁𝗿𝘂𝗰𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗲𝗱𝘂𝗰𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝘀𝘆𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗺: What was the Nazis aim?

Answer 3

To create a classless, equal state system of education (during Weimar Germany there were religious schools etc.)

Question 4

𝗦𝘁𝗿𝘂𝗰𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗲𝗱𝘂𝗰𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝘀𝘆𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗺: Was education compulsory?

Answer 4

Yes, aged 6-14 years

Question 5

𝗦𝘁𝗿𝘂𝗰𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗲𝗱𝘂𝗰𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝘀𝘆𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗺: What happened to the Länder?

Answer 5

The Länder lost control of education ➡ now centralised control of education, Bernhard Rust made head of the new Ministry for Education, Culture and Science of the Reich.

Question 6

When did Bernhard Rust become the head of the new Ministry for Education, Culture and Science of the Reich?

Answer 6

May 1934

Question 7

𝗦𝘁𝗿𝘂𝗰𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗲𝗱𝘂𝗰𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝘀𝘆𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗺: After 1935, what was introduced?

Answer 7

A series of central directives (orders) controlling what was taught in schools, in all years and all subjects, across Germany.

Question 8

𝗦𝘁𝗿𝘂𝗰𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗲𝗱𝘂𝗰𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝘀𝘆𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗺: Did state school structure remain in Nazi Germany?

Answer 8

Yes state school structure remained. Children attended the𝘝𝘰𝘭𝘬𝘴𝘴𝘤𝘩𝘶𝘭𝘦.

Question 9

𝗦𝘁𝗿𝘂𝗰𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗲𝗱𝘂𝗰𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝘀𝘆𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗺: What happened to private primary school education?

Answer 9

It was abolished.

Question 10

𝗦𝘁𝗿𝘂𝗰𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗲𝗱𝘂𝗰𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝘀𝘆𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗺: What happened to confessional schools?

Answer 10

They were abolished.

Question 11

𝗦𝘁𝗿𝘂𝗰𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗲𝗱𝘂𝗰𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝘀𝘆𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗺: What happened to fee-paying secondary schools and universities?

Answer 11

They remained, but only for “pure Germans”

Question 12

𝗦𝘁𝗿𝘂𝗰𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗲𝗱𝘂𝗰𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝘀𝘆𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗺: When did separate secondary education for boys and girls begin?

Answer 12

March 20th 1933

Question 13

𝗦𝘁𝗿𝘂𝗰𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗲𝗱𝘂𝗰𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝘀𝘆𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗺: Why are boys and girls separated?

Answer 13

To prepare for stereotyped roles.

Question 14

𝗦𝘁𝗿𝘂𝗰𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗲𝗱𝘂𝗰𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝘀𝘆𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗺: When did 21 National Political Education Institutions (Napolas) open?

Answer 14

April 20th 1933

Question 15

𝗦𝘁𝗿𝘂𝗰𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗲𝗱𝘂𝗰𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝘀𝘆𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗺: What were National Political Education Institutions (Napolas)?

Answer 15

Secondary schools created by the Nazis to train and indoctrinate those hoping to become future political leaders of Germany (or for the SS). Similar to military academies.

Question 16

𝗦𝘁𝗿𝘂𝗰𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗲𝗱𝘂𝗰𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝘀𝘆𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗺: How many Napolas existed by 1945?

Answer 16

43

Question 17

𝗦𝘁𝗿𝘂𝗰𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗲𝗱𝘂𝗰𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝘀𝘆𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗺: When were Adolf Hitler schools set up?

Answer 17

1937

Question 18

𝗦𝘁𝗿𝘂𝗰𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗲𝗱𝘂𝗰𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝘀𝘆𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗺: What were Adolf Hitler Schools?

Answer 18

12 Nazi boarding schools set up for lower class students (12-18 years old) selected by local German Young Folk (DJ) branch. Boys with potential to be future leaders were sent here, and were indoctrinated with National Socialist ideology.

Question 19

𝗦𝘁𝗿𝘂𝗰𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗲𝗱𝘂𝗰𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝘀𝘆𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗺: What kind of education state did Nazis want?

Answer 19

A “total education state”

Question 20

𝗦𝘁𝗿𝘂𝗰𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗲𝗱𝘂𝗰𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝘀𝘆𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗺: What did the Nazis want the young to do?

Answer 20

Act rather than think, and value life according to objective racial purity.

Question 21

𝗦𝘁𝗿𝘂𝗰𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗲𝗱𝘂𝗰𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝘀𝘆𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗺: What happened to Gymnasium, Realschule, and Hauptschule?

Answer 21

They all remained.

Question 22

𝗦𝘁𝗿𝘂𝗰𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗲𝗱𝘂𝗰𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝘀𝘆𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗺: By the end of the war, how many Napolas were there?

Answer 22

40

Question 23

𝗦𝘁𝗿𝘂𝗰𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗲𝗱𝘂𝗰𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝘀𝘆𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗺: How many Napolas educated girls?

Answer 23

4

Question 24

𝗦𝘁𝗿𝘂𝗰𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗲𝗱𝘂𝗰𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝘀𝘆𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗺: What were Castles of the Order?

Answer 24

3 elite boarding schools to train boys into government service and for elite Nazi military echelons.

Question 25

𝗦𝘁𝗿𝘂𝗰𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗲𝗱𝘂𝗰𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝘀𝘆𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗺: How old did you have to be to attend Castles of the Order?

Answer 25

12-18 years old

Question 26

What were the impacts of Nazi education policies on the structure of the education system?

Answer 26

• those in university were still mainly upper and middle class children
• exactly the same number of working class children went to university in 1939 as in 1933
• 𝗮𝗽𝗮𝗿𝘁 𝗳𝗿𝗼𝗺 𝗻𝗲𝘄 𝗡𝗮𝘇𝗶 𝗮𝗰𝗮𝗱𝗲𝗺𝗶𝗲𝘀, 𝗪𝗲𝗶𝗺𝗮𝗿 𝘀𝘆𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗺 𝗿𝗲𝗺𝗮𝗶𝗻𝗲𝗱 𝗹𝗮𝗿𝗴𝗲𝗹𝘆 𝘂𝗻𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗱.

Question 27

What elements of continuity from Weimar Germany were there in the structure of the education system during Nazi Germany?

Answer 27

• compulsory education (6-14 years) remained
• state school structure remained
• fee-paying secondary schools and universities remained (only for “pure Germans though)
• gymnasium, realschule, and hauptschule all remained

Question 28

To summarise, how much of a change was there to the structure of the education system in Nazi Germany compared to Weimar Germany?

Answer 28

Overall, the structure of schools remained the same but the education system was centralised and it was the introduction of new academies to prepare students for being Nazi elites that was the big change.

Question 29

By keeping education compulsory and introducing Nazi academies, what were the Nazi aims?

Answer 29

Wanting education for everyone so they could influence and indoctrinate people from all classes. Trying to create a new generation of Nazis.

Question 30

𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗿𝗼𝗹𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗲𝗮𝗰𝗵𝗲𝗿𝘀: When was the National Socialist Teachers League (NSLB) established?

Answer 30

April 1929

Question 31

𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗿𝗼𝗹𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗲𝗮𝗰𝗵𝗲𝗿𝘀: In 1935, what percentage of teachers had joined the NSLB?

Answer 31

25%

Question 32

𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗿𝗼𝗹𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗲𝗮𝗰𝗵𝗲𝗿𝘀: By 1937, what percentage of teachers had joined the NSLB?

Answer 32

95% as it was impossible to get a job if you were not a member.

Question 33

𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗿𝗼𝗹𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗲𝗮𝗰𝗵𝗲𝗿𝘀: What was the Nationalist Socialist Teachers League?

Answer 33

Under the authority of the Third Reich, teachers were obligated to join the National Socialist Teacher’s League, which was responsible for carrying out the educational goals of the Nazi Party. It ran courses for teachers emphasising Nazi ideology and the importance of advocating the regime’s ideas.

Question 34

𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗿𝗼𝗹𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗲𝗮𝗰𝗵𝗲𝗿𝘀: What was the NSLB’s goal?

Answer 34

To make the Nazi worldview and foundation of all education and especially of schooling.

Question 35

𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗿𝗼𝗹𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗲𝗮𝗰𝗵𝗲𝗿𝘀: What happened regarding teachers in April 1933?

Answer 35

“Undesirable” teachers were purged by law, on racial and political grounds. Female head teachers were sacked.

Question 36

More teachers joined the Nazi party than…

Answer 36

any other profession.

Question 37

𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗿𝗼𝗹𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗲𝗮𝗰𝗵𝗲𝗿𝘀: By April 1933, what percentage of teachers had been purged?

Answer 37

60% of teachers.

Question 38

𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗿𝗼𝗹𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗲𝗮𝗰𝗵𝗲𝗿𝘀: What happened on 24th September 1935?

Answer 38

Ministry of Education began controlling the section and training of teachers and professors.

Question 39

𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗿𝗼𝗹𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗲𝗮𝗰𝗵𝗲𝗿𝘀: What was the view of the teaching profession in 1938?

Answer 39

There was reduced respect for the profession.

Question 40

𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗿𝗼𝗹𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗲𝗮𝗰𝗵𝗲𝗿𝘀: In 1938, how many teaching vacancies were there?

Answer 40

8,000 teaching vacancies.

Question 41

𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗿𝗼𝗹𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗲𝗮𝗰𝗵𝗲𝗿𝘀: What principle was introduced in schools and universities?

Answer 41

Führerprinzip - the “leadership principle”

Teachers were not consulted on education policy. Headteachers made all the decisions.

Question 42

What were the impacts of Nazi education policies on the role of teachers?

Answer 42

• standards of education declined under anti-academic ethos of schools
• reduced respect for teaching profession
• reduced standards of entry employing unqualified teaching assistants
• overall, teachers were willing converts to Nazism

Question 43

What elements of continuity from Weimar Germany were there in the role of teachers during Nazi Germany?

Answer 43

Not much continuity, apart from the fact that teachers were still underpaid and the profession remained right wing.

Question 44

To summarise, how much of a change was there to the role of teachers in Nazi Germany compared to Weimar Germany?

Answer 44

Although the teacher profession had always been right wing, under the Nazis teaching was centralised and undesirable. NSLB was a big change, as well as Führerprinzip being introduced.

Question 45

By introducing the NSLB and Führerprinzip what were the Nazi aims?

Answer 45

Nazis were aiming to influence teachers and create a group of teachers who they wanted. Started to introduce ideas of leadership e.g Führerprinzip

Question 46

𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝘀𝘁𝘂𝗱𝗲𝗻𝘁𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗰𝘂𝗿𝗿𝗶𝗰𝘂𝗹𝘂𝗺: What was curriculum determined by?

Answer 46

Central government. Specific subjects had to be taught to educate children to become “good Nazis”

Question 47

𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝘀𝘁𝘂𝗱𝗲𝗻𝘁𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗰𝘂𝗿𝗿𝗶𝗰𝘂𝗹𝘂𝗺: What were schools a place for?

Answer 47

To indoctrinate children, teach loyalty to Hitler and Germany, and to focus on racial ideology.

Question 48

𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝘀𝘁𝘂𝗱𝗲𝗻𝘁𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗰𝘂𝗿𝗿𝗶𝗰𝘂𝗹𝘂𝗺: What was passed on December 1st 1936?

Answer 48

A law which stated that all German youths were to be educated according to the philosophies of National Socialism from the age of 10.

Question 49

𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝘀𝘁𝘂𝗱𝗲𝗻𝘁𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗰𝘂𝗿𝗿𝗶𝗰𝘂𝗹𝘂𝗺: What happened to the curriculum?

Answer 49

𝗥𝗮𝗱𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹𝗶𝘀𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 of the curriculum.

Question 50

𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝘀𝘁𝘂𝗱𝗲𝗻𝘁𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗰𝘂𝗿𝗿𝗶𝗰𝘂𝗹𝘂𝗺: What was greater emphasis placed on in the curriculum?

Answer 50

Physical fitness, racial purity (Aryans were a superior race, Slav races were inferior and Jews the source of Germany’s problems), history (creation of 𝘝𝘰𝘭𝘬𝘴𝘨𝘦𝘮𝘦𝘪𝘯𝘴𝘤𝘩𝘢𝘧𝘵 and sense of nationhood), health and biology (focused on race, eugenics, and motherhood for girls)

Academic subjects were downgraded

Question 51

𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝘀𝘁𝘂𝗱𝗲𝗻𝘁𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗰𝘂𝗿𝗿𝗶𝗰𝘂𝗹𝘂𝗺: What percentage of the curriculum did physical fitness take up?

Answer 51

Approx 15% pf curriculum.

Question 52

𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝘀𝘁𝘂𝗱𝗲𝗻𝘁𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗰𝘂𝗿𝗿𝗶𝗰𝘂𝗹𝘂𝗺: By the end of the 1930s, what subject was banned?

Answer 52

Religious studies.

Question 53

𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝘀𝘁𝘂𝗱𝗲𝗻𝘁𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗰𝘂𝗿𝗿𝗶𝗰𝘂𝗹𝘂𝗺: Learning was to be…

Answer 53

ACTIVE

Question 54

𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝘀𝘁𝘂𝗱𝗲𝗻𝘁𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗰𝘂𝗿𝗿𝗶𝗰𝘂𝗹𝘂𝗺: Stereotyped roles meant that girls were taught…

Answer 54

modern languages and home economics.

Question 55

𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝘀𝘁𝘂𝗱𝗲𝗻𝘁𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗰𝘂𝗿𝗿𝗶𝗰𝘂𝗹𝘂𝗺: stereotyped roles meant that boys were taught…

Answer 55

science, modern languages or classics and preparing for university.

Question 56

𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝘀𝘁𝘂𝗱𝗲𝗻𝘁𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗰𝘂𝗿𝗿𝗶𝗰𝘂𝗹𝘂𝗺: What did students complete for a number of weeks every year?

Answer 56

Labour service e.g work on farms, and military training

Question 57

𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝘀𝘁𝘂𝗱𝗲𝗻𝘁𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗰𝘂𝗿𝗿𝗶𝗰𝘂𝗹𝘂𝗺: What happened to textbooks?

Answer 57

They were censored. Booklets were printed to support new areas of the curriculum and used for sources of propaganda.

Question 58

𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝘀𝘁𝘂𝗱𝗲𝗻𝘁𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗰𝘂𝗿𝗿𝗶𝗰𝘂𝗹𝘂𝗺: Give an example of how school booklets were used as propaganda?

Answer 58

Maths: calculations on how money could be saved for marriage loans if the money for keeping the mentally ill in care was “saved”.

Question 59

𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝘀𝘁𝘂𝗱𝗲𝗻𝘁𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗰𝘂𝗿𝗿𝗶𝗰𝘂𝗹𝘂𝗺: What were schools used for?

Answer 59

Communicating Nazi ideology.

Question 60

𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝘀𝘁𝘂𝗱𝗲𝗻𝘁𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗰𝘂𝗿𝗿𝗶𝗰𝘂𝗹𝘂𝗺: What was created in the corner of classrooms?

Answer 60

Racial corners.

Question 61

𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝘀𝘁𝘂𝗱𝗲𝗻𝘁𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗰𝘂𝗿𝗿𝗶𝗰𝘂𝗹𝘂𝗺: What did the Party Censorship Office do?

Answer 61

Examine all textbooks.

Question 62

𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝘀𝘁𝘂𝗱𝗲𝗻𝘁𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗰𝘂𝗿𝗿𝗶𝗰𝘂𝗹𝘂𝗺: What did the Ministry of Education do with books?

Answer 62

Commissioned new books e.g biology diagrams showing skulls of different races were commissioned.

Question 63

𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝘀𝘁𝘂𝗱𝗲𝗻𝘁𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗰𝘂𝗿𝗿𝗶𝗰𝘂𝗹𝘂𝗺: What happened to Jewish children?

Answer 63

They were forced out of German schools to attend Jewish schools (abolished in 1942)

Question 64

What were the impacts of Nazi education policies on the students and the curriculum?

Answer 64

• fewer students completed academic education
• government control over selection of university students and quota established for each region
• only 10% of university students were female
• exactly the same number of working class children went to university in 1939 as in 1933
• radicalisation of curriculum

Question 65

What elements of continuity from Weimar Germany were there in the students and the curriculum during Nazi Germany?

Answer 65

No elements of continuity remained, apart from Gymnasium, Realschule, and Hauptschule.

Question 66

To summarise, how much of a change was there to the students and the curriculum in Nazi Germany compared to Weimar Germany?

Answer 66

The curriculum saw the most amount of change with lessons designed to indoctrinate students, completely different to Weimar.

Question 67

By completely changing the curriculum, what were the Nazis aiming to do?

Answer 67

• get rid of Jewish children

* create a curriculum to benefit the Nazis and create a generation that were educated with Nazi ideology

Question 68

𝗢𝘂𝘁𝘀𝗶𝗱𝗲 𝘀𝗰𝗵𝗼𝗼𝗹: When was the Hitler Youth founded?

Answer 68

July 1926

Question 69

𝗢𝘂𝘁𝘀𝗶𝗱𝗲 𝘀𝗰𝗵𝗼𝗼𝗹: What was the Hitler Youth (Hitler Jugend)?

Answer 69

A Nazi organised youth movement. Nazis hoped to teach children to be both racially conscious and physically fit in order to build a new future for Germany.

Question 70

𝗢𝘂𝘁𝘀𝗶𝗱𝗲 𝘀𝗰𝗵𝗼𝗼𝗹: By 1940, what percentage of eligible youth belonged to the Hitler Youth or its female equivalent, the League of German Girls?

Answer 70

More than 82% of eligible youth, a membership of 7.2 million.

Question 71

𝗢𝘂𝘁𝘀𝗶𝗱𝗲 𝘀𝗰𝗵𝗼𝗼𝗹: Who was not allowed to join the Hitler Youth?

Answer 71

Jews

Question 72

𝗢𝘂𝘁𝘀𝗶𝗱𝗲 𝘀𝗰𝗵𝗼𝗼𝗹: What were the Hitler Youth groups about?

Answer 72

Imposing conformity and dismantling existing social structures and traditions with Nazi ideology.

Question 73

𝗢𝘂𝘁𝘀𝗶𝗱𝗲 𝘀𝗰𝗵𝗼𝗼𝗹: What happened to all other youth groups?

Answer 73

They were abolished.

Question 74

𝗢𝘂𝘁𝘀𝗶𝗱𝗲 𝘀𝗰𝗵𝗼𝗼𝗹: When did it become compulsory to join the Hitler Youth?

Answer 74

1939 BUT fewer than half of children in southern Germany joined.

Question 75

𝗢𝘂𝘁𝘀𝗶𝗱𝗲 𝘀𝗰𝗵𝗼𝗼𝗹: When were Catholic youth groups banned?

Answer 75

1936

Question 76

𝗢𝘂𝘁𝘀𝗶𝗱𝗲 𝘀𝗰𝗵𝗼𝗼𝗹: How old did you have to be to join Hitler Youth?

Answer 76

14-18 years

Question 77

𝗢𝘂𝘁𝘀𝗶𝗱𝗲 𝘀𝗰𝗵𝗼𝗼𝗹: What did the organisations/youth groups aim to do?

Answer 77

Reinforce messages taught in school.

Question 78

𝗢𝘂𝘁𝘀𝗶𝗱𝗲 𝘀𝗰𝗵𝗼𝗼𝗹: What were members of the Hitler Youth expected to do?

Answer 78

Report on anything their teachers (or family) did which went against Nazi values.

Question 79

What were the impacts of Nazi education policies outside school?

Answer 79

• 1940 - 82% of young people in Germany were members of the Hitler Youth
• Hitler Youth became less popular when it was compulsory
• working class less likely to be won over/those in South Germany were less likely to join

Question 80

What elements of continuity from Weimar Germany were there outside school during Nazi Germany?

Answer 80

Weimar Germany did have youth organisations, but not as extreme as the Hitler Youth.

Question 81

To summarise, how much of a change was there outside school in Nazi Germany compared to Weimar Germany?

Answer 81

Big change - there were now separate groups outside of school to ensure Nazi ideology was continuing.

Question 82

By introducing these Hitler Youth groups, what were the Nazi aims?

Answer 82

To keep order and Nazi ideology outside of school time. Reinforced messages taught in school and created a Nazi generation. Ensured teachers and adults kept to Nazi beliefs too.

Question 83

What did Nazis aim to do to education?

Answer 83

They aimed to de-intellectualise education: they did not want education to provoke people to ask questions or think for themselves. They believed this approach would instill obedience and belief in the Nazi worldview, creating the ideal future generation.

Question 84

Define 𝘎𝘭𝘦𝘪𝘤𝘩𝘴𝘤𝘩𝘢𝘭𝘵𝘶𝘯𝘨

Answer 84

The process by which Nazi Germany successively established a system of complete coordination over all aspects of society.

Question 85

What were the aims of Nazi education policies?

Answer 85

• to ensure Germany children were fully indoctrinated into Nazi ideology and wouldn’t question it as they grew up
• influencing beliefs of young Germans
• create a new generation of Nazis loyal to Hitler
• produce race-conscious, obedient, self-sacrificing Germans who would be willing to die for the Führer and Fatherland

Question 86

What was the key component of Nazi education policies?

Answer 86

Devotion to Hitler