Nazi Germany - Education Flashcards
How did the structure of education change under the Nazis?
- centralised system
- separate education for girls and boys
- private primary schools and confessional schools abolished
- Napolas set up
- Adolf Hitler Schools set up
- Castles of the Order (๐๐ณ๐ฅ๐ฆ๐ฏ๐ด๐ฃ๐ถ๐ณ๐จ๐ฆ๐ฏ) set up
Who was made the head of the new Ministry for Education, Culture and Science of the Reich?
Bernhard Rust
๐ฆ๐๐ฟ๐๐ฐ๐๐๐ฟ๐ฒ ๐ผ๐ณ ๐๐ต๐ฒ ๐ฒ๐ฑ๐๐ฐ๐ฎ๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป ๐๐๐๐๐ฒ๐บ: What was the Nazis aim?
To create a classless, equal state system of education (during Weimar Germany there were religious schools etc.)
๐ฆ๐๐ฟ๐๐ฐ๐๐๐ฟ๐ฒ ๐ผ๐ณ ๐๐ต๐ฒ ๐ฒ๐ฑ๐๐ฐ๐ฎ๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป ๐๐๐๐๐ฒ๐บ: Was education compulsory?
Yes, aged 6-14 years
๐ฆ๐๐ฟ๐๐ฐ๐๐๐ฟ๐ฒ ๐ผ๐ณ ๐๐ต๐ฒ ๐ฒ๐ฑ๐๐ฐ๐ฎ๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป ๐๐๐๐๐ฒ๐บ: What happened to the Lรคnder?
The Lรคnder lost control of education โก now centralised control of education, Bernhard Rust made head of the new Ministry for Education, Culture and Science of the Reich.
When did Bernhard Rust become the head of the new Ministry for Education, Culture and Science of the Reich?
May 1934
๐ฆ๐๐ฟ๐๐ฐ๐๐๐ฟ๐ฒ ๐ผ๐ณ ๐๐ต๐ฒ ๐ฒ๐ฑ๐๐ฐ๐ฎ๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป ๐๐๐๐๐ฒ๐บ: After 1935, what was introduced?
A series of central directives (orders) controlling what was taught in schools, in all years and all subjects, across Germany.
๐ฆ๐๐ฟ๐๐ฐ๐๐๐ฟ๐ฒ ๐ผ๐ณ ๐๐ต๐ฒ ๐ฒ๐ฑ๐๐ฐ๐ฎ๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป ๐๐๐๐๐ฒ๐บ: Did state school structure remain in Nazi Germany?
Yes state school structure remained. Children attended the๐๐ฐ๐ญ๐ฌ๐ด๐ด๐ค๐ฉ๐ถ๐ญ๐ฆ.
๐ฆ๐๐ฟ๐๐ฐ๐๐๐ฟ๐ฒ ๐ผ๐ณ ๐๐ต๐ฒ ๐ฒ๐ฑ๐๐ฐ๐ฎ๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป ๐๐๐๐๐ฒ๐บ: What happened to private primary school education?
It was abolished.
๐ฆ๐๐ฟ๐๐ฐ๐๐๐ฟ๐ฒ ๐ผ๐ณ ๐๐ต๐ฒ ๐ฒ๐ฑ๐๐ฐ๐ฎ๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป ๐๐๐๐๐ฒ๐บ: What happened to confessional schools?
They were abolished.
๐ฆ๐๐ฟ๐๐ฐ๐๐๐ฟ๐ฒ ๐ผ๐ณ ๐๐ต๐ฒ ๐ฒ๐ฑ๐๐ฐ๐ฎ๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป ๐๐๐๐๐ฒ๐บ: What happened to fee-paying secondary schools and universities?
They remained, but only for โpure Germansโ
๐ฆ๐๐ฟ๐๐ฐ๐๐๐ฟ๐ฒ ๐ผ๐ณ ๐๐ต๐ฒ ๐ฒ๐ฑ๐๐ฐ๐ฎ๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป ๐๐๐๐๐ฒ๐บ: When did separate secondary education for boys and girls begin?
March 20th 1933
๐ฆ๐๐ฟ๐๐ฐ๐๐๐ฟ๐ฒ ๐ผ๐ณ ๐๐ต๐ฒ ๐ฒ๐ฑ๐๐ฐ๐ฎ๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป ๐๐๐๐๐ฒ๐บ: Why are boys and girls separated?
To prepare for stereotyped roles.
๐ฆ๐๐ฟ๐๐ฐ๐๐๐ฟ๐ฒ ๐ผ๐ณ ๐๐ต๐ฒ ๐ฒ๐ฑ๐๐ฐ๐ฎ๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป ๐๐๐๐๐ฒ๐บ: When did 21 National Political Education Institutions (Napolas) open?
April 20th 1933
๐ฆ๐๐ฟ๐๐ฐ๐๐๐ฟ๐ฒ ๐ผ๐ณ ๐๐ต๐ฒ ๐ฒ๐ฑ๐๐ฐ๐ฎ๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป ๐๐๐๐๐ฒ๐บ: What were National Political Education Institutions (Napolas)?
Secondary schools created by the Nazis to train and indoctrinate those hoping to become future political leaders of Germany (or for the SS). Similar to military academies.
๐ฆ๐๐ฟ๐๐ฐ๐๐๐ฟ๐ฒ ๐ผ๐ณ ๐๐ต๐ฒ ๐ฒ๐ฑ๐๐ฐ๐ฎ๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป ๐๐๐๐๐ฒ๐บ: How many Napolas existed by 1945?
43
๐ฆ๐๐ฟ๐๐ฐ๐๐๐ฟ๐ฒ ๐ผ๐ณ ๐๐ต๐ฒ ๐ฒ๐ฑ๐๐ฐ๐ฎ๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป ๐๐๐๐๐ฒ๐บ: When were Adolf Hitler schools set up?
1937
๐ฆ๐๐ฟ๐๐ฐ๐๐๐ฟ๐ฒ ๐ผ๐ณ ๐๐ต๐ฒ ๐ฒ๐ฑ๐๐ฐ๐ฎ๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป ๐๐๐๐๐ฒ๐บ: What were Adolf Hitler Schools?
12 Nazi boarding schools set up for lower class students (12-18 years old) selected by local German Young Folk (DJ) branch. Boys with potential to be future leaders were sent here, and were indoctrinated with National Socialist ideology.
๐ฆ๐๐ฟ๐๐ฐ๐๐๐ฟ๐ฒ ๐ผ๐ณ ๐๐ต๐ฒ ๐ฒ๐ฑ๐๐ฐ๐ฎ๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป ๐๐๐๐๐ฒ๐บ: What kind of education state did Nazis want?
A โtotal education stateโ
๐ฆ๐๐ฟ๐๐ฐ๐๐๐ฟ๐ฒ ๐ผ๐ณ ๐๐ต๐ฒ ๐ฒ๐ฑ๐๐ฐ๐ฎ๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป ๐๐๐๐๐ฒ๐บ: What did the Nazis want the young to do?
Act rather than think, and value life according to objective racial purity.
๐ฆ๐๐ฟ๐๐ฐ๐๐๐ฟ๐ฒ ๐ผ๐ณ ๐๐ต๐ฒ ๐ฒ๐ฑ๐๐ฐ๐ฎ๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป ๐๐๐๐๐ฒ๐บ: What happened to Gymnasium, Realschule, and Hauptschule?
They all remained.
๐ฆ๐๐ฟ๐๐ฐ๐๐๐ฟ๐ฒ ๐ผ๐ณ ๐๐ต๐ฒ ๐ฒ๐ฑ๐๐ฐ๐ฎ๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป ๐๐๐๐๐ฒ๐บ: By the end of the war, how many Napolas were there?
40
๐ฆ๐๐ฟ๐๐ฐ๐๐๐ฟ๐ฒ ๐ผ๐ณ ๐๐ต๐ฒ ๐ฒ๐ฑ๐๐ฐ๐ฎ๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป ๐๐๐๐๐ฒ๐บ: How many Napolas educated girls?
4
๐ฆ๐๐ฟ๐๐ฐ๐๐๐ฟ๐ฒ ๐ผ๐ณ ๐๐ต๐ฒ ๐ฒ๐ฑ๐๐ฐ๐ฎ๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป ๐๐๐๐๐ฒ๐บ: What were Castles of the Order?
3 elite boarding schools to train boys into government service and for elite Nazi military echelons.
๐ฆ๐๐ฟ๐๐ฐ๐๐๐ฟ๐ฒ ๐ผ๐ณ ๐๐ต๐ฒ ๐ฒ๐ฑ๐๐ฐ๐ฎ๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป ๐๐๐๐๐ฒ๐บ: How old did you have to be to attend Castles of the Order?
12-18 years old
What were the impacts of Nazi education policies on the structure of the education system?
- those in university were still mainly upper and middle class children
- exactly the same number of working class children went to university in 1939 as in 1933
- ๐ฎ๐ฝ๐ฎ๐ฟ๐ ๐ณ๐ฟ๐ผ๐บ ๐ป๐ฒ๐ ๐ก๐ฎ๐๐ถ ๐ฎ๐ฐ๐ฎ๐ฑ๐ฒ๐บ๐ถ๐ฒ๐, ๐ช๐ฒ๐ถ๐บ๐ฎ๐ฟ ๐๐๐๐๐ฒ๐บ ๐ฟ๐ฒ๐บ๐ฎ๐ถ๐ป๐ฒ๐ฑ ๐น๐ฎ๐ฟ๐ด๐ฒ๐น๐ ๐๐ป๐ฐ๐ต๐ฎ๐ป๐ด๐ฒ๐ฑ.
What elements of continuity from Weimar Germany were there in the structure of the education system during Nazi Germany?
- compulsory education (6-14 years) remained
- state school structure remained
- fee-paying secondary schools and universities remained (only for โpure Germans though)
- gymnasium, realschule, and hauptschule all remained
To summarise, how much of a change was there to the structure of the education system in Nazi Germany compared to Weimar Germany?
Overall, the structure of schools remained the same but the education system was centralised and it was the introduction of new academies to prepare students for being Nazi elites that was the big change.
By keeping education compulsory and introducing Nazi academies, what were the Nazi aims?
Wanting education for everyone so they could influence and indoctrinate people from all classes. Trying to create a new generation of Nazis.
๐ง๐ต๐ฒ ๐ฟ๐ผ๐น๐ฒ ๐ผ๐ณ ๐๐ฒ๐ฎ๐ฐ๐ต๐ฒ๐ฟ๐: When was the National Socialist Teachers League (NSLB) established?
April 1929
๐ง๐ต๐ฒ ๐ฟ๐ผ๐น๐ฒ ๐ผ๐ณ ๐๐ฒ๐ฎ๐ฐ๐ต๐ฒ๐ฟ๐: In 1935, what percentage of teachers had joined the NSLB?
25%
๐ง๐ต๐ฒ ๐ฟ๐ผ๐น๐ฒ ๐ผ๐ณ ๐๐ฒ๐ฎ๐ฐ๐ต๐ฒ๐ฟ๐: By 1937, what percentage of teachers had joined the NSLB?
95% as it was impossible to get a job if you were not a member.
๐ง๐ต๐ฒ ๐ฟ๐ผ๐น๐ฒ ๐ผ๐ณ ๐๐ฒ๐ฎ๐ฐ๐ต๐ฒ๐ฟ๐: What was the Nationalist Socialist Teachers League?
Under the authority of the Third Reich, teachers were obligated to join the National Socialist Teacherโs League, which was responsible for carrying out the educational goals of the Nazi Party. It ran courses for teachers emphasising Nazi ideology and the importance of advocating the regimeโs ideas.
๐ง๐ต๐ฒ ๐ฟ๐ผ๐น๐ฒ ๐ผ๐ณ ๐๐ฒ๐ฎ๐ฐ๐ต๐ฒ๐ฟ๐: What was the NSLBโs goal?
To make the Nazi worldview and foundation of all education and especially of schooling.