Nazi Germany - Education Flashcards

1
Q

How did the structure of education change under the Nazis?

A
  • centralised system
  • separate education for girls and boys
  • private primary schools and confessional schools abolished
  • Napolas set up
  • Adolf Hitler Schools set up
  • Castles of the Order (๐˜–๐˜ณ๐˜ฅ๐˜ฆ๐˜ฏ๐˜ด๐˜ฃ๐˜ถ๐˜ณ๐˜จ๐˜ฆ๐˜ฏ) set up
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2
Q

Who was made the head of the new Ministry for Education, Culture and Science of the Reich?

A

Bernhard Rust

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3
Q

๐—ฆ๐˜๐—ฟ๐˜‚๐—ฐ๐˜๐˜‚๐—ฟ๐—ฒ ๐—ผ๐—ณ ๐˜๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐—ฒ๐—ฑ๐˜‚๐—ฐ๐—ฎ๐˜๐—ถ๐—ผ๐—ป ๐˜€๐˜†๐˜€๐˜๐—ฒ๐—บ: What was the Nazis aim?

A

To create a classless, equal state system of education (during Weimar Germany there were religious schools etc.)

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4
Q

๐—ฆ๐˜๐—ฟ๐˜‚๐—ฐ๐˜๐˜‚๐—ฟ๐—ฒ ๐—ผ๐—ณ ๐˜๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐—ฒ๐—ฑ๐˜‚๐—ฐ๐—ฎ๐˜๐—ถ๐—ผ๐—ป ๐˜€๐˜†๐˜€๐˜๐—ฒ๐—บ: Was education compulsory?

A

Yes, aged 6-14 years

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5
Q

๐—ฆ๐˜๐—ฟ๐˜‚๐—ฐ๐˜๐˜‚๐—ฟ๐—ฒ ๐—ผ๐—ณ ๐˜๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐—ฒ๐—ฑ๐˜‚๐—ฐ๐—ฎ๐˜๐—ถ๐—ผ๐—ป ๐˜€๐˜†๐˜€๐˜๐—ฒ๐—บ: What happened to the Lรคnder?

A

The Lรคnder lost control of education โžก now centralised control of education, Bernhard Rust made head of the new Ministry for Education, Culture and Science of the Reich.

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6
Q

When did Bernhard Rust become the head of the new Ministry for Education, Culture and Science of the Reich?

A

May 1934

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7
Q

๐—ฆ๐˜๐—ฟ๐˜‚๐—ฐ๐˜๐˜‚๐—ฟ๐—ฒ ๐—ผ๐—ณ ๐˜๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐—ฒ๐—ฑ๐˜‚๐—ฐ๐—ฎ๐˜๐—ถ๐—ผ๐—ป ๐˜€๐˜†๐˜€๐˜๐—ฒ๐—บ: After 1935, what was introduced?

A

A series of central directives (orders) controlling what was taught in schools, in all years and all subjects, across Germany.

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8
Q

๐—ฆ๐˜๐—ฟ๐˜‚๐—ฐ๐˜๐˜‚๐—ฟ๐—ฒ ๐—ผ๐—ณ ๐˜๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐—ฒ๐—ฑ๐˜‚๐—ฐ๐—ฎ๐˜๐—ถ๐—ผ๐—ป ๐˜€๐˜†๐˜€๐˜๐—ฒ๐—บ: Did state school structure remain in Nazi Germany?

A

Yes state school structure remained. Children attended the๐˜๐˜ฐ๐˜ญ๐˜ฌ๐˜ด๐˜ด๐˜ค๐˜ฉ๐˜ถ๐˜ญ๐˜ฆ.

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9
Q

๐—ฆ๐˜๐—ฟ๐˜‚๐—ฐ๐˜๐˜‚๐—ฟ๐—ฒ ๐—ผ๐—ณ ๐˜๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐—ฒ๐—ฑ๐˜‚๐—ฐ๐—ฎ๐˜๐—ถ๐—ผ๐—ป ๐˜€๐˜†๐˜€๐˜๐—ฒ๐—บ: What happened to private primary school education?

A

It was abolished.

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10
Q

๐—ฆ๐˜๐—ฟ๐˜‚๐—ฐ๐˜๐˜‚๐—ฟ๐—ฒ ๐—ผ๐—ณ ๐˜๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐—ฒ๐—ฑ๐˜‚๐—ฐ๐—ฎ๐˜๐—ถ๐—ผ๐—ป ๐˜€๐˜†๐˜€๐˜๐—ฒ๐—บ: What happened to confessional schools?

A

They were abolished.

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11
Q

๐—ฆ๐˜๐—ฟ๐˜‚๐—ฐ๐˜๐˜‚๐—ฟ๐—ฒ ๐—ผ๐—ณ ๐˜๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐—ฒ๐—ฑ๐˜‚๐—ฐ๐—ฎ๐˜๐—ถ๐—ผ๐—ป ๐˜€๐˜†๐˜€๐˜๐—ฒ๐—บ: What happened to fee-paying secondary schools and universities?

A

They remained, but only for โ€œpure Germansโ€

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12
Q

๐—ฆ๐˜๐—ฟ๐˜‚๐—ฐ๐˜๐˜‚๐—ฟ๐—ฒ ๐—ผ๐—ณ ๐˜๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐—ฒ๐—ฑ๐˜‚๐—ฐ๐—ฎ๐˜๐—ถ๐—ผ๐—ป ๐˜€๐˜†๐˜€๐˜๐—ฒ๐—บ: When did separate secondary education for boys and girls begin?

A

March 20th 1933

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13
Q

๐—ฆ๐˜๐—ฟ๐˜‚๐—ฐ๐˜๐˜‚๐—ฟ๐—ฒ ๐—ผ๐—ณ ๐˜๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐—ฒ๐—ฑ๐˜‚๐—ฐ๐—ฎ๐˜๐—ถ๐—ผ๐—ป ๐˜€๐˜†๐˜€๐˜๐—ฒ๐—บ: Why are boys and girls separated?

A

To prepare for stereotyped roles.

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14
Q

๐—ฆ๐˜๐—ฟ๐˜‚๐—ฐ๐˜๐˜‚๐—ฟ๐—ฒ ๐—ผ๐—ณ ๐˜๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐—ฒ๐—ฑ๐˜‚๐—ฐ๐—ฎ๐˜๐—ถ๐—ผ๐—ป ๐˜€๐˜†๐˜€๐˜๐—ฒ๐—บ: When did 21 National Political Education Institutions (Napolas) open?

A

April 20th 1933

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15
Q

๐—ฆ๐˜๐—ฟ๐˜‚๐—ฐ๐˜๐˜‚๐—ฟ๐—ฒ ๐—ผ๐—ณ ๐˜๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐—ฒ๐—ฑ๐˜‚๐—ฐ๐—ฎ๐˜๐—ถ๐—ผ๐—ป ๐˜€๐˜†๐˜€๐˜๐—ฒ๐—บ: What were National Political Education Institutions (Napolas)?

A

Secondary schools created by the Nazis to train and indoctrinate those hoping to become future political leaders of Germany (or for the SS). Similar to military academies.

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16
Q

๐—ฆ๐˜๐—ฟ๐˜‚๐—ฐ๐˜๐˜‚๐—ฟ๐—ฒ ๐—ผ๐—ณ ๐˜๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐—ฒ๐—ฑ๐˜‚๐—ฐ๐—ฎ๐˜๐—ถ๐—ผ๐—ป ๐˜€๐˜†๐˜€๐˜๐—ฒ๐—บ: How many Napolas existed by 1945?

A

43

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17
Q

๐—ฆ๐˜๐—ฟ๐˜‚๐—ฐ๐˜๐˜‚๐—ฟ๐—ฒ ๐—ผ๐—ณ ๐˜๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐—ฒ๐—ฑ๐˜‚๐—ฐ๐—ฎ๐˜๐—ถ๐—ผ๐—ป ๐˜€๐˜†๐˜€๐˜๐—ฒ๐—บ: When were Adolf Hitler schools set up?

A

1937

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18
Q

๐—ฆ๐˜๐—ฟ๐˜‚๐—ฐ๐˜๐˜‚๐—ฟ๐—ฒ ๐—ผ๐—ณ ๐˜๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐—ฒ๐—ฑ๐˜‚๐—ฐ๐—ฎ๐˜๐—ถ๐—ผ๐—ป ๐˜€๐˜†๐˜€๐˜๐—ฒ๐—บ: What were Adolf Hitler Schools?

A

12 Nazi boarding schools set up for lower class students (12-18 years old) selected by local German Young Folk (DJ) branch. Boys with potential to be future leaders were sent here, and were indoctrinated with National Socialist ideology.

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19
Q

๐—ฆ๐˜๐—ฟ๐˜‚๐—ฐ๐˜๐˜‚๐—ฟ๐—ฒ ๐—ผ๐—ณ ๐˜๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐—ฒ๐—ฑ๐˜‚๐—ฐ๐—ฎ๐˜๐—ถ๐—ผ๐—ป ๐˜€๐˜†๐˜€๐˜๐—ฒ๐—บ: What kind of education state did Nazis want?

A

A โ€œtotal education stateโ€

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20
Q

๐—ฆ๐˜๐—ฟ๐˜‚๐—ฐ๐˜๐˜‚๐—ฟ๐—ฒ ๐—ผ๐—ณ ๐˜๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐—ฒ๐—ฑ๐˜‚๐—ฐ๐—ฎ๐˜๐—ถ๐—ผ๐—ป ๐˜€๐˜†๐˜€๐˜๐—ฒ๐—บ: What did the Nazis want the young to do?

A

Act rather than think, and value life according to objective racial purity.

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21
Q

๐—ฆ๐˜๐—ฟ๐˜‚๐—ฐ๐˜๐˜‚๐—ฟ๐—ฒ ๐—ผ๐—ณ ๐˜๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐—ฒ๐—ฑ๐˜‚๐—ฐ๐—ฎ๐˜๐—ถ๐—ผ๐—ป ๐˜€๐˜†๐˜€๐˜๐—ฒ๐—บ: What happened to Gymnasium, Realschule, and Hauptschule?

A

They all remained.

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22
Q

๐—ฆ๐˜๐—ฟ๐˜‚๐—ฐ๐˜๐˜‚๐—ฟ๐—ฒ ๐—ผ๐—ณ ๐˜๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐—ฒ๐—ฑ๐˜‚๐—ฐ๐—ฎ๐˜๐—ถ๐—ผ๐—ป ๐˜€๐˜†๐˜€๐˜๐—ฒ๐—บ: By the end of the war, how many Napolas were there?

A

40

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23
Q

๐—ฆ๐˜๐—ฟ๐˜‚๐—ฐ๐˜๐˜‚๐—ฟ๐—ฒ ๐—ผ๐—ณ ๐˜๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐—ฒ๐—ฑ๐˜‚๐—ฐ๐—ฎ๐˜๐—ถ๐—ผ๐—ป ๐˜€๐˜†๐˜€๐˜๐—ฒ๐—บ: How many Napolas educated girls?

A

4

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24
Q

๐—ฆ๐˜๐—ฟ๐˜‚๐—ฐ๐˜๐˜‚๐—ฟ๐—ฒ ๐—ผ๐—ณ ๐˜๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐—ฒ๐—ฑ๐˜‚๐—ฐ๐—ฎ๐˜๐—ถ๐—ผ๐—ป ๐˜€๐˜†๐˜€๐˜๐—ฒ๐—บ: What were Castles of the Order?

A

3 elite boarding schools to train boys into government service and for elite Nazi military echelons.

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25
Q

๐—ฆ๐˜๐—ฟ๐˜‚๐—ฐ๐˜๐˜‚๐—ฟ๐—ฒ ๐—ผ๐—ณ ๐˜๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐—ฒ๐—ฑ๐˜‚๐—ฐ๐—ฎ๐˜๐—ถ๐—ผ๐—ป ๐˜€๐˜†๐˜€๐˜๐—ฒ๐—บ: How old did you have to be to attend Castles of the Order?

A

12-18 years old

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26
Q

What were the impacts of Nazi education policies on the structure of the education system?

A
  • those in university were still mainly upper and middle class children
  • exactly the same number of working class children went to university in 1939 as in 1933
  • ๐—ฎ๐—ฝ๐—ฎ๐—ฟ๐˜ ๐—ณ๐—ฟ๐—ผ๐—บ ๐—ป๐—ฒ๐˜„ ๐—ก๐—ฎ๐˜‡๐—ถ ๐—ฎ๐—ฐ๐—ฎ๐—ฑ๐—ฒ๐—บ๐—ถ๐—ฒ๐˜€, ๐—ช๐—ฒ๐—ถ๐—บ๐—ฎ๐—ฟ ๐˜€๐˜†๐˜€๐˜๐—ฒ๐—บ ๐—ฟ๐—ฒ๐—บ๐—ฎ๐—ถ๐—ป๐—ฒ๐—ฑ ๐—น๐—ฎ๐—ฟ๐—ด๐—ฒ๐—น๐˜† ๐˜‚๐—ป๐—ฐ๐—ต๐—ฎ๐—ป๐—ด๐—ฒ๐—ฑ.
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27
Q

What elements of continuity from Weimar Germany were there in the structure of the education system during Nazi Germany?

A
  • compulsory education (6-14 years) remained
  • state school structure remained
  • fee-paying secondary schools and universities remained (only for โ€œpure Germans though)
  • gymnasium, realschule, and hauptschule all remained
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28
Q

To summarise, how much of a change was there to the structure of the education system in Nazi Germany compared to Weimar Germany?

A

Overall, the structure of schools remained the same but the education system was centralised and it was the introduction of new academies to prepare students for being Nazi elites that was the big change.

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29
Q

By keeping education compulsory and introducing Nazi academies, what were the Nazi aims?

A

Wanting education for everyone so they could influence and indoctrinate people from all classes. Trying to create a new generation of Nazis.

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30
Q

๐—ง๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐—ฟ๐—ผ๐—น๐—ฒ ๐—ผ๐—ณ ๐˜๐—ฒ๐—ฎ๐—ฐ๐—ต๐—ฒ๐—ฟ๐˜€: When was the National Socialist Teachers League (NSLB) established?

A

April 1929

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31
Q

๐—ง๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐—ฟ๐—ผ๐—น๐—ฒ ๐—ผ๐—ณ ๐˜๐—ฒ๐—ฎ๐—ฐ๐—ต๐—ฒ๐—ฟ๐˜€: In 1935, what percentage of teachers had joined the NSLB?

A

25%

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32
Q

๐—ง๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐—ฟ๐—ผ๐—น๐—ฒ ๐—ผ๐—ณ ๐˜๐—ฒ๐—ฎ๐—ฐ๐—ต๐—ฒ๐—ฟ๐˜€: By 1937, what percentage of teachers had joined the NSLB?

A

95% as it was impossible to get a job if you were not a member.

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33
Q

๐—ง๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐—ฟ๐—ผ๐—น๐—ฒ ๐—ผ๐—ณ ๐˜๐—ฒ๐—ฎ๐—ฐ๐—ต๐—ฒ๐—ฟ๐˜€: What was the Nationalist Socialist Teachers League?

A

Under the authority of the Third Reich, teachers were obligated to join the National Socialist Teacherโ€™s League, which was responsible for carrying out the educational goals of the Nazi Party. It ran courses for teachers emphasising Nazi ideology and the importance of advocating the regimeโ€™s ideas.

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34
Q

๐—ง๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐—ฟ๐—ผ๐—น๐—ฒ ๐—ผ๐—ณ ๐˜๐—ฒ๐—ฎ๐—ฐ๐—ต๐—ฒ๐—ฟ๐˜€: What was the NSLBโ€™s goal?

A

To make the Nazi worldview and foundation of all education and especially of schooling.

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35
Q

๐—ง๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐—ฟ๐—ผ๐—น๐—ฒ ๐—ผ๐—ณ ๐˜๐—ฒ๐—ฎ๐—ฐ๐—ต๐—ฒ๐—ฟ๐˜€: What happened regarding teachers in April 1933?

A

โ€œUndesirableโ€ teachers were purged by law, on racial and political grounds. Female head teachers were sacked.

36
Q

More teachers joined the Nazi party thanโ€ฆ

A

any other profession.

37
Q

๐—ง๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐—ฟ๐—ผ๐—น๐—ฒ ๐—ผ๐—ณ ๐˜๐—ฒ๐—ฎ๐—ฐ๐—ต๐—ฒ๐—ฟ๐˜€: By April 1933, what percentage of teachers had been purged?

A

60% of teachers.

38
Q

๐—ง๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐—ฟ๐—ผ๐—น๐—ฒ ๐—ผ๐—ณ ๐˜๐—ฒ๐—ฎ๐—ฐ๐—ต๐—ฒ๐—ฟ๐˜€: What happened on 24th September 1935?

A

Ministry of Education began controlling the section and training of teachers and professors.

39
Q

๐—ง๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐—ฟ๐—ผ๐—น๐—ฒ ๐—ผ๐—ณ ๐˜๐—ฒ๐—ฎ๐—ฐ๐—ต๐—ฒ๐—ฟ๐˜€: What was the view of the teaching profession in 1938?

A

There was reduced respect for the profession.

40
Q

๐—ง๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐—ฟ๐—ผ๐—น๐—ฒ ๐—ผ๐—ณ ๐˜๐—ฒ๐—ฎ๐—ฐ๐—ต๐—ฒ๐—ฟ๐˜€: In 1938, how many teaching vacancies were there?

A

8,000 teaching vacancies.

41
Q

๐—ง๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐—ฟ๐—ผ๐—น๐—ฒ ๐—ผ๐—ณ ๐˜๐—ฒ๐—ฎ๐—ฐ๐—ต๐—ฒ๐—ฟ๐˜€: What principle was introduced in schools and universities?

A

Fรผhrerprinzip - the โ€œleadership principleโ€

Teachers were not consulted on education policy. Headteachers made all the decisions.

42
Q

What were the impacts of Nazi education policies on the role of teachers?

A
  • standards of education declined under anti-academic ethos of schools
  • reduced respect for teaching profession
  • reduced standards of entry employing unqualified teaching assistants
  • overall, teachers were willing converts to Nazism
43
Q

What elements of continuity from Weimar Germany were there in the role of teachers during Nazi Germany?

A

Not much continuity, apart from the fact that teachers were still underpaid and the profession remained right wing.

44
Q

To summarise, how much of a change was there to the role of teachers in Nazi Germany compared to Weimar Germany?

A

Although the teacher profession had always been right wing, under the Nazis teaching was centralised and undesirable. NSLB was a big change, as well as Fรผhrerprinzip being introduced.

45
Q

By introducing the NSLB and Fรผhrerprinzip what were the Nazi aims?

A

Nazis were aiming to influence teachers and create a group of teachers who they wanted. Started to introduce ideas of leadership e.g Fรผhrerprinzip

46
Q

๐—ง๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐˜€๐˜๐˜‚๐—ฑ๐—ฒ๐—ป๐˜๐˜€ ๐—ฎ๐—ป๐—ฑ ๐˜๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐—ฐ๐˜‚๐—ฟ๐—ฟ๐—ถ๐—ฐ๐˜‚๐—น๐˜‚๐—บ: What was curriculum determined by?

A

Central government. Specific subjects had to be taught to educate children to become โ€œgood Nazisโ€

47
Q

๐—ง๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐˜€๐˜๐˜‚๐—ฑ๐—ฒ๐—ป๐˜๐˜€ ๐—ฎ๐—ป๐—ฑ ๐˜๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐—ฐ๐˜‚๐—ฟ๐—ฟ๐—ถ๐—ฐ๐˜‚๐—น๐˜‚๐—บ: What were schools a place for?

A

To indoctrinate children, teach loyalty to Hitler and Germany, and to focus on racial ideology.

48
Q

๐—ง๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐˜€๐˜๐˜‚๐—ฑ๐—ฒ๐—ป๐˜๐˜€ ๐—ฎ๐—ป๐—ฑ ๐˜๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐—ฐ๐˜‚๐—ฟ๐—ฟ๐—ถ๐—ฐ๐˜‚๐—น๐˜‚๐—บ: What was passed on December 1st 1936?

A

A law which stated that all German youths were to be educated according to the philosophies of National Socialism from the age of 10.

49
Q

๐—ง๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐˜€๐˜๐˜‚๐—ฑ๐—ฒ๐—ป๐˜๐˜€ ๐—ฎ๐—ป๐—ฑ ๐˜๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐—ฐ๐˜‚๐—ฟ๐—ฟ๐—ถ๐—ฐ๐˜‚๐—น๐˜‚๐—บ: What happened to the curriculum?

A

๐—ฅ๐—ฎ๐—ฑ๐—ถ๐—ฐ๐—ฎ๐—น๐—ถ๐˜€๐—ฎ๐˜๐—ถ๐—ผ๐—ป of the curriculum.

50
Q

๐—ง๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐˜€๐˜๐˜‚๐—ฑ๐—ฒ๐—ป๐˜๐˜€ ๐—ฎ๐—ป๐—ฑ ๐˜๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐—ฐ๐˜‚๐—ฟ๐—ฟ๐—ถ๐—ฐ๐˜‚๐—น๐˜‚๐—บ: What was greater emphasis placed on in the curriculum?

A

Physical fitness, racial purity (Aryans were a superior race, Slav races were inferior and Jews the source of Germanyโ€™s problems), history (creation of ๐˜๐˜ฐ๐˜ญ๐˜ฌ๐˜ด๐˜จ๐˜ฆ๐˜ฎ๐˜ฆ๐˜ช๐˜ฏ๐˜ด๐˜ค๐˜ฉ๐˜ข๐˜ง๐˜ต and sense of nationhood), health and biology (focused on race, eugenics, and motherhood for girls)

Academic subjects were downgraded

51
Q

๐—ง๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐˜€๐˜๐˜‚๐—ฑ๐—ฒ๐—ป๐˜๐˜€ ๐—ฎ๐—ป๐—ฑ ๐˜๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐—ฐ๐˜‚๐—ฟ๐—ฟ๐—ถ๐—ฐ๐˜‚๐—น๐˜‚๐—บ: What percentage of the curriculum did physical fitness take up?

A

Approx 15% pf curriculum.

52
Q

๐—ง๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐˜€๐˜๐˜‚๐—ฑ๐—ฒ๐—ป๐˜๐˜€ ๐—ฎ๐—ป๐—ฑ ๐˜๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐—ฐ๐˜‚๐—ฟ๐—ฟ๐—ถ๐—ฐ๐˜‚๐—น๐˜‚๐—บ: By the end of the 1930s, what subject was banned?

A

Religious studies.

53
Q

๐—ง๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐˜€๐˜๐˜‚๐—ฑ๐—ฒ๐—ป๐˜๐˜€ ๐—ฎ๐—ป๐—ฑ ๐˜๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐—ฐ๐˜‚๐—ฟ๐—ฟ๐—ถ๐—ฐ๐˜‚๐—น๐˜‚๐—บ: Learning was to beโ€ฆ

A

ACTIVE

54
Q

๐—ง๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐˜€๐˜๐˜‚๐—ฑ๐—ฒ๐—ป๐˜๐˜€ ๐—ฎ๐—ป๐—ฑ ๐˜๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐—ฐ๐˜‚๐—ฟ๐—ฟ๐—ถ๐—ฐ๐˜‚๐—น๐˜‚๐—บ: Stereotyped roles meant that girls were taughtโ€ฆ

A

modern languages and home economics.

55
Q

๐—ง๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐˜€๐˜๐˜‚๐—ฑ๐—ฒ๐—ป๐˜๐˜€ ๐—ฎ๐—ป๐—ฑ ๐˜๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐—ฐ๐˜‚๐—ฟ๐—ฟ๐—ถ๐—ฐ๐˜‚๐—น๐˜‚๐—บ: stereotyped roles meant that boys were taughtโ€ฆ

A

science, modern languages or classics and preparing for university.

56
Q

๐—ง๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐˜€๐˜๐˜‚๐—ฑ๐—ฒ๐—ป๐˜๐˜€ ๐—ฎ๐—ป๐—ฑ ๐˜๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐—ฐ๐˜‚๐—ฟ๐—ฟ๐—ถ๐—ฐ๐˜‚๐—น๐˜‚๐—บ: What did students complete for a number of weeks every year?

A

Labour service e.g work on farms, and military training

57
Q

๐—ง๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐˜€๐˜๐˜‚๐—ฑ๐—ฒ๐—ป๐˜๐˜€ ๐—ฎ๐—ป๐—ฑ ๐˜๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐—ฐ๐˜‚๐—ฟ๐—ฟ๐—ถ๐—ฐ๐˜‚๐—น๐˜‚๐—บ: What happened to textbooks?

A

They were censored. Booklets were printed to support new areas of the curriculum and used for sources of propaganda.

58
Q

๐—ง๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐˜€๐˜๐˜‚๐—ฑ๐—ฒ๐—ป๐˜๐˜€ ๐—ฎ๐—ป๐—ฑ ๐˜๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐—ฐ๐˜‚๐—ฟ๐—ฟ๐—ถ๐—ฐ๐˜‚๐—น๐˜‚๐—บ: Give an example of how school booklets were used as propaganda?

A

Maths: calculations on how money could be saved for marriage loans if the money for keeping the mentally ill in care was โ€œsavedโ€.

59
Q

๐—ง๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐˜€๐˜๐˜‚๐—ฑ๐—ฒ๐—ป๐˜๐˜€ ๐—ฎ๐—ป๐—ฑ ๐˜๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐—ฐ๐˜‚๐—ฟ๐—ฟ๐—ถ๐—ฐ๐˜‚๐—น๐˜‚๐—บ: What were schools used for?

A

Communicating Nazi ideology.

60
Q

๐—ง๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐˜€๐˜๐˜‚๐—ฑ๐—ฒ๐—ป๐˜๐˜€ ๐—ฎ๐—ป๐—ฑ ๐˜๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐—ฐ๐˜‚๐—ฟ๐—ฟ๐—ถ๐—ฐ๐˜‚๐—น๐˜‚๐—บ: What was created in the corner of classrooms?

A

Racial corners.

61
Q

๐—ง๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐˜€๐˜๐˜‚๐—ฑ๐—ฒ๐—ป๐˜๐˜€ ๐—ฎ๐—ป๐—ฑ ๐˜๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐—ฐ๐˜‚๐—ฟ๐—ฟ๐—ถ๐—ฐ๐˜‚๐—น๐˜‚๐—บ: What did the Party Censorship Office do?

A

Examine all textbooks.

62
Q

๐—ง๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐˜€๐˜๐˜‚๐—ฑ๐—ฒ๐—ป๐˜๐˜€ ๐—ฎ๐—ป๐—ฑ ๐˜๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐—ฐ๐˜‚๐—ฟ๐—ฟ๐—ถ๐—ฐ๐˜‚๐—น๐˜‚๐—บ: What did the Ministry of Education do with books?

A

Commissioned new books e.g biology diagrams showing skulls of different races were commissioned.

63
Q

๐—ง๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐˜€๐˜๐˜‚๐—ฑ๐—ฒ๐—ป๐˜๐˜€ ๐—ฎ๐—ป๐—ฑ ๐˜๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐—ฐ๐˜‚๐—ฟ๐—ฟ๐—ถ๐—ฐ๐˜‚๐—น๐˜‚๐—บ: What happened to Jewish children?

A

They were forced out of German schools to attend Jewish schools (abolished in 1942)

64
Q

What were the impacts of Nazi education policies on the students and the curriculum?

A
  • fewer students completed academic education
  • government control over selection of university students and quota established for each region
  • only 10% of university students were female
  • exactly the same number of working class children went to university in 1939 as in 1933
  • radicalisation of curriculum
65
Q

What elements of continuity from Weimar Germany were there in the students and the curriculum during Nazi Germany?

A

No elements of continuity remained, apart from Gymnasium, Realschule, and Hauptschule.

66
Q

To summarise, how much of a change was there to the students and the curriculum in Nazi Germany compared to Weimar Germany?

A

The curriculum saw the most amount of change with lessons designed to indoctrinate students, completely different to Weimar.

67
Q

By completely changing the curriculum, what were the Nazis aiming to do?

A
  • get rid of Jewish children

* create a curriculum to benefit the Nazis and create a generation that were educated with Nazi ideology

68
Q

๐—ข๐˜‚๐˜๐˜€๐—ถ๐—ฑ๐—ฒ ๐˜€๐—ฐ๐—ต๐—ผ๐—ผ๐—น: When was the Hitler Youth founded?

A

July 1926

69
Q

๐—ข๐˜‚๐˜๐˜€๐—ถ๐—ฑ๐—ฒ ๐˜€๐—ฐ๐—ต๐—ผ๐—ผ๐—น: What was the Hitler Youth (Hitler Jugend)?

A

A Nazi organised youth movement. Nazis hoped to teach children to be both racially conscious and physically fit in order to build a new future for Germany.

70
Q

๐—ข๐˜‚๐˜๐˜€๐—ถ๐—ฑ๐—ฒ ๐˜€๐—ฐ๐—ต๐—ผ๐—ผ๐—น: By 1940, what percentage of eligible youth belonged to the Hitler Youth or its female equivalent, the League of German Girls?

A

More than 82% of eligible youth, a membership of 7.2 million.

71
Q

๐—ข๐˜‚๐˜๐˜€๐—ถ๐—ฑ๐—ฒ ๐˜€๐—ฐ๐—ต๐—ผ๐—ผ๐—น: Who was not allowed to join the Hitler Youth?

A

Jews

72
Q

๐—ข๐˜‚๐˜๐˜€๐—ถ๐—ฑ๐—ฒ ๐˜€๐—ฐ๐—ต๐—ผ๐—ผ๐—น: What were the Hitler Youth groups about?

A

Imposing conformity and dismantling existing social structures and traditions with Nazi ideology.

73
Q

๐—ข๐˜‚๐˜๐˜€๐—ถ๐—ฑ๐—ฒ ๐˜€๐—ฐ๐—ต๐—ผ๐—ผ๐—น: What happened to all other youth groups?

A

They were abolished.

74
Q

๐—ข๐˜‚๐˜๐˜€๐—ถ๐—ฑ๐—ฒ ๐˜€๐—ฐ๐—ต๐—ผ๐—ผ๐—น: When did it become compulsory to join the Hitler Youth?

A

1939 BUT fewer than half of children in southern Germany joined.

75
Q

๐—ข๐˜‚๐˜๐˜€๐—ถ๐—ฑ๐—ฒ ๐˜€๐—ฐ๐—ต๐—ผ๐—ผ๐—น: When were Catholic youth groups banned?

A

1936

76
Q

๐—ข๐˜‚๐˜๐˜€๐—ถ๐—ฑ๐—ฒ ๐˜€๐—ฐ๐—ต๐—ผ๐—ผ๐—น: How old did you have to be to join Hitler Youth?

A

14-18 years

77
Q

๐—ข๐˜‚๐˜๐˜€๐—ถ๐—ฑ๐—ฒ ๐˜€๐—ฐ๐—ต๐—ผ๐—ผ๐—น: What did the organisations/youth groups aim to do?

A

Reinforce messages taught in school.

78
Q

๐—ข๐˜‚๐˜๐˜€๐—ถ๐—ฑ๐—ฒ ๐˜€๐—ฐ๐—ต๐—ผ๐—ผ๐—น: What were members of the Hitler Youth expected to do?

A

Report on anything their teachers (or family) did which went against Nazi values.

79
Q

What were the impacts of Nazi education policies outside school?

A
  • 1940 - 82% of young people in Germany were members of the Hitler Youth
  • Hitler Youth became less popular when it was compulsory
  • working class less likely to be won over/those in South Germany were less likely to join
80
Q

What elements of continuity from Weimar Germany were there outside school during Nazi Germany?

A

Weimar Germany did have youth organisations, but not as extreme as the Hitler Youth.

81
Q

To summarise, how much of a change was there outside school in Nazi Germany compared to Weimar Germany?

A

Big change - there were now separate groups outside of school to ensure Nazi ideology was continuing.

82
Q

By introducing these Hitler Youth groups, what were the Nazi aims?

A

To keep order and Nazi ideology outside of school time. Reinforced messages taught in school and created a Nazi generation. Ensured teachers and adults kept to Nazi beliefs too.

83
Q

What did Nazis aim to do to education?

A

They aimed to de-intellectualise education: they did not want education to provoke people to ask questions or think for themselves. They believed this approach would instill obedience and belief in the Nazi worldview, creating the ideal future generation.

84
Q

Define ๐˜Ž๐˜ญ๐˜ฆ๐˜ช๐˜ค๐˜ฉ๐˜ด๐˜ค๐˜ฉ๐˜ข๐˜ญ๐˜ต๐˜ถ๐˜ฏ๐˜จ

A

The process by which Nazi Germany successively established a system of complete coordination over all aspects of society.

85
Q

What were the aims of Nazi education policies?

A
  • to ensure Germany children were fully indoctrinated into Nazi ideology and wouldnโ€™t question it as they grew up
  • influencing beliefs of young Germans
  • create a new generation of Nazis loyal to Hitler
  • produce race-conscious, obedient, self-sacrificing Germans who would be willing to die for the Fรผhrer and Fatherland
86
Q

What was the key component of Nazi education policies?

A

Devotion to Hitler