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Nazi Germany Flashcards

1
Q

Who was Kaiser Wilhelm?

A

German Emperor who abdicated on November 9, 1918

His abdication created a power vacuum in Germany.

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2
Q

What significant event did Philipp Scheidemann announce on November 9, 1918?

A

The announcement of the new Republic and the declaration of Ebert as Chancellor

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3
Q

What action did Friedrich Ebert take on November 10, 1918?

A

Suspended the Reichstag and announced the Council of People’s Representatives

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4
Q

What was Ebert’s strategy for maintaining order in Germany?

A

Encouraged civil servants to work with soldiers and workers councils

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5
Q

What promise did Ebert make to military leaders?

A

Assured that the army would not be reformed and officers would retain their ranks

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6
Q

What was the first major decision made by Matthias Erzberger?

A

Signed the armistice to end WW1 on November 11, 1918

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7
Q

Who led the Spartacist Revolt in January 1919?

A

Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht

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8
Q

What was the outcome of the Spartacist Revolt?

A

The revolt was suppressed by the Freikorps, and its leaders were shot

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9
Q

What was Wolfgang Kapp’s role in German politics?

A

Leader of the Kapp Putsch rebellion in March 1920

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10
Q

What was the government’s response to the Kapp Putsch?

A

Organized trade unions to strike, leading to chaos and Kapp’s flight

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11
Q

What currency did Gustav Stresemann introduce in November 1923?

A

Rentenmark

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12
Q

What did the Dawes Plan of 1924 achieve?

A

Reduced reparations to £50 million a year and secured US loans for German industry

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13
Q

What was the significance of the Locarno Pact in 1925?

A

Improved relations with France and discussed demilitarization of the Rhineland

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14
Q

What did the Treaty of Versailles impose on Germany?

A

Reparations of £6.6 billion, loss of territories, and military restrictions

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15
Q

What was hyperinflation in Germany during 1923?

A

The result of excessive money printing, rendering the mark worthless

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16
Q

What were the features of the Weimar Republic?

A
  • Equal rights for all Germans
  • Proportional representation
  • Powerful presidency with potential for dictatorship
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17
Q

Who was Anton Drexler?

A

Leader of the DAP, which Hitler later transformed into the Nazi Party

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18
Q

What was the Munich Putsch?

A

A failed coup attempt by Hitler and the Nazis in 1923

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19
Q

What did Heinrich Brüning do as Chancellor?

A

Banned the SA and SS in 1932, ruled by emergency powers, and increased taxes

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20
Q

What was the outcome of Brüning’s political decisions?

A

Mobilized the right-wing against him, leading to his resignation

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21
Q

What coalition did Kurt Von Schleicher attempt to organize?

A

A coalition between right-wing supporters and the Nazis

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22
Q

What was the result of the July 1932 election for the Nazis?

A

They achieved their highest percentage of votes ever

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23
Q

What was the role of Paul Von Hindenburg in Hitler’s rise to power?

A

President who ultimately appointed Hitler as Chancellor on January 30, 1933

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24
Q

What was a key change in society during the Weimar Republic for workers?

A

Working hours were reduced and wages rose, but hyperinflation made employment insecure

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25
What changes occurred in housing during the Weimar Republic?
101,000 homes were built between 1925 and 1929, but housing shortages remained
26
What was the impact of the Treaty of Versailles on Germany's military?
Limited to 100,000 men and no military presence allowed in the Rhineland
27
What did the Kellogg-Briand Pact of 1928 establish?
An agreement among 62 nations to avoid war for foreign policy objectives
28
Fill in the blank: The SA was also known as the _______.
Sturmabteilung (Stormtroopers)
29
Who was Ernst Röhm?
Leader of the SA who played a significant role in the Munich Putsch
30
What was the political stance of Gregor Strasser within the Nazi Party?
Emphasized the socialist aspect of the party
31
What did the Young Plan of 1929 propose?
Reduced reparations from £6.6 billion to £2 billion and extended payment period
32
True or False: The Weimar Republic was universally accepted by the German populace.
False
33
What was the purpose of the 15% rent tax introduced?
To fund building associations ## Footnote This tax was part of efforts to address the housing crisis.
34
How many homes were built between 1925 and 1929?
101,000 homes ## Footnote This contributed to improvements in the housing crisis, although a shortage still remained.
35
What percentage drop in working women occurred from 1918 to 1925?
39% drop ## Footnote Most women gave up work upon marriage during this period.
36
What was Article 109 in the constitution about?
It states that women and men have equal rights and can enter professions on an equal basis ## Footnote It also established marriage as an equal partnership.
37
Who founded the Bauhaus School and in what year?
Walter Gropius in 1919 ## Footnote The school focused on art, architecture, design, and more.
38
What is Expressionism in art concerned with?
Raw emotion and confronting the disaster of World War I ## Footnote Notable artists included Paul Lee and Otto Dix.
39
What was the Munich Putsch?
A failed coup attempt by Hitler in 1923 ## Footnote It aimed to overthrow the Weimar government.
40
What was the outcome of the Munich Putsch for Hitler?
Hitler was arrested and used his trial to publicize his views ## Footnote He wrote Mein Kampf during his prison time.
41
What was the 25 Point Programme?
A Nazi programme outlining the party's beliefs and objectives ## Footnote It included points like expelling Jews from citizenship.
42
What was the Sturmabteilung (SA)?
A paramilitary force formed by Hitler in 1921 ## Footnote They were known as the Brownshirts and used violence to control crowds.
43
What significant event occurred on 27 February 1933?
The Reichstag Fire ## Footnote A Dutch Communist was executed for this act, allowing Hitler to criminalize communists.
44
What did the Enabling Act of March 1933 allow?
The Reich Cabinet could pass new laws that overrule the constitution ## Footnote This effectively eliminated democracy.
45
What was the Night of the Long Knives?
A purge where Hitler eliminated SA leaders and other threats in June 1934 ## Footnote Röhm was among those arrested and killed.
46
What role did propaganda play in Nazi Germany?
It was used to spread Nazi ideas and control public perception ## Footnote Goebbels was the Minister of Enlightenment and Propaganda.
47
What was the Concordat of July 1933?
An agreement between Hitler and the Pope regarding Catholic freedoms in exchange for political neutrality ## Footnote Hitler later broke this agreement.
48
What were the two Protestant Churches formed in the 1930s?
* The Reich Church * The Confessing Church ## Footnote The Reich Church supported the Nazis, while the Confessing Church opposed them.
49
What was the Gestapo?
The Secret State Police of Nazi Germany ## Footnote They were known for their brutal tactics to suppress opposition.
50
What did the legal system under Hitler entail?
Judges had to belong to the Nazi League and trial by jury was abolished ## Footnote The People’s Court handled treason cases with secret trials.
51
What was the first concentration camp built by the SS?
Dachau ## Footnote It was established in 1933 and treated inmates poorly.
52
What were the 3 K's emphasized by Hitler regarding women's roles?
Kirche, Küche, Kinder ## Footnote These translate to Church, Kitchen, Children, reflecting traditional views.
53
What was the significance of the Nuremberg Laws of 1935?
They enforced racial purity and restricted Jews' rights ## Footnote Jews could no longer marry non-Jews.
54
How did Hitler rise to the position of Chancellor?
Through a combination of political maneuvering and support from right-wing factions ## Footnote His appointment was facilitated by Von Papen and Hindenburg.
55
What was the Reich Church?
Founded in 1933 in support of the Nazis, consisting of 2,000 Protestant churches, led by Ludwig Müller ## Footnote Some members of the Reich Church wore Nazi uniforms and were referred to as German Christians.
56
Who led the Confessing Church?
Martin Niemöller ## Footnote The Confessing Church was founded in 1934 and opposed the Nazis, consisting of 6,000 Protestant churches.
57
What was Joseph Goebbels' role in the Nazi regime?
Nazi Minister of Enlightenment and Propaganda from 1933-1945 ## Footnote He spread Nazi ideas through various media including newspapers, radio, and film.
58
What was the purpose of the Reich Chamber of Culture?
To monitor all culture to ensure alignment with Nazi ideas ## Footnote It was established in 1933 and overseen by Goebbels.
59
How did Hitler utilize radio for propaganda?
Featured in posters and made many radio speeches ## Footnote By 1939, 70% of Germans owned a radio, facilitating the spread of Nazi ideologies.
60
What significant events were used by the Nazis to promote patriotism?
Nuremberg Rallies and military parades ## Footnote The Berlin Olympic Games also helped present Nazi ideologies positively.
61
What was one method of censorship used by the Nazis?
Public book burning of Jewish authors or Nazi opponents ## Footnote Media producers were controlled, and opposing newspapers were closed.
62
What type of music was banned by the Nazis?
Jazz music ## Footnote Jazz was banned because it was considered foreign.
63
What did General Beck attempt to do in relation to Hitler?
Convince other army officers to arrest Hitler in 1938 ## Footnote The oath sworn to Hitler by officers complicated this effort.
64
Who was George Elser?
A factory worker who attempted to assassinate Hitler ## Footnote He set off a bomb during one of Hitler's speeches, killing 7 people but not Hitler himself.
65
True or False: The Confessing Church supported Nazi ideology.
False ## Footnote The Confessing Church was founded in opposition to the Nazis.
66
Fill in the blank: The Reich Church was made up of _______ Protestant churches.
2,000 ## Footnote It was founded to support the Nazis.
67
Fill in the blank: The Nazi propaganda minister was _______.
Goebbels ## Footnote He played a crucial role in spreading Nazi ideologies through various media.

History GCSE Edexcel (3 decks)

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