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Nazi Germany Flashcards

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1
Q

Which party did Hitler join in September 1919?

A

The German Worker’s party (DAP)

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2
Q

When did Hitler become leader of the Nazi party?

A

1921

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3
Q

What were the three main aims of the 25-point prgramme?

A

overturn the Treaty of Versailles
Stop democracy as a political system
Rid Germany of the Jews who harmed the economy

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4
Q

What was Lebensraum?

A

Living space - aim was to expand german territory to house the population

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5
Q

Which parts of the 25-point programme were nationalist (for political independence)

A

Nullifying treaty of Versailles
Lebensraum
Building up strength of German military
Only allowing Aryans (the Germanic race) to be German citizens

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6
Q

Which parts of the 25-point programme were more socialist (for everyone in society sharing the profits from industry)

A

Nationalising industries
Giving all citizens equal rights
Giving every man employment
Giving support for mothers and children

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7
Q

What was the SA?

A

A group of ex-soldiers who asserted Nazi power

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8
Q

Who led the SA?

A

Ernst Rohm

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9
Q

What was the nickname for the SA?

A

Brownshirts

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10
Q

How much did the SA grow beween 1930 and 1934?

A

400,000 to 3 million

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11
Q

Why did the Nazi’s mainly gain support?

A

Hitler’s personality, he painted himself as ‘one of the people’ becausehe was a soldier who fought in the first world war, he gave the impression he understood German troubles

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12
Q

Who funded the Nazis?

A

Krupp and hugenburg

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13
Q

What were the pros and cons of the SA?

A

they were the party militia who fought and eliminated political oponents, making the Nazis appear strong BUT the SA was difficult to control

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14
Q

What were the three things emphasised by Nazi propaganda?

A
  1. The Hitler Cult - Hitler was presented as Germany’s saviour
  2. Volksgemeinschaft (people’s community) - Nazis wasnted to restore Germany back to traditional values and focus on an Aryan community
  3. anti-semitism - they blamed the Jews for the Great Depression in Germany
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15
Q

Hitler’s message was flexible which enabled his success, what was promised to businessmen?

A

the Nazis would solve the great depression

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16
Q

Hitler’s message was flexible which enabled his success, what was promised to workers?

A

the Nazis would give them food and employment

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17
Q

Hitler’s message was flexible which enabled his success, what was promised to farmers?

A

the Nazis would protect them from communists who could seize land

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18
Q

Hitler’s message was flexible which enabled his success, what was promised to the middle class?

A

the Nazis would stop communism and return Germany to its traditional roots

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19
Q

Hitler’s message was flexible which enabled his success, what was the benefit to the youth?

A

The Nazis were an exciting movement

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20
Q

Hitler’s message was flexible which enabled his success, what was promised to women?

A

the Nazis would prioritise the family and home

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21
Q

In what years did the Nazi vote grow rapidly?

A

1928-1932 (2.6% in 1928, 18% in 1930, 37% in July 1932)

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22
Q

What was Von Papen and Hindenburg’s secret pact?

A

decided that Hitler should be new Chancellor, let him have a few Nazis in his cabinet and make von Papen the vie-chancellor so that they could be used to create a political majority

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23
Q

When was Hitler made Chancellor and what went badly?

A

Jan 1933, They seriously underestimated Hitler’s power - he was too charismatic and popular to be controlled by von papen and hindenburg

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24
Q

When was the Reichstag fire?

A

27th Feb 1933

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25
Q

Who was blamed for Nazi fire?

A

van der lubbe (a communist)

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26
Q

What did the Reichstag fire allow Hitler to do?

A

pass an Emergecy Decree that allowed thousands of communsists to be arrested

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27
Q

When did Hitler propose the enabling act?

A

23rd March 1933

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28
Q

What was the Enabling Act?

A

allowed Hitler to make laws without the Reichstag

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29
Q

Why was the enabling act a turning point?

A

meant that germany was no longer a democracy

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30
Q

When was all political opposition to the Nazi party removed?

A

When Germany became a one party state on the 14th July 1933

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31
Q

What happened to trade unions in May 1933?

A

leaders of trade unions were arrested and sent to concentration camps, after this all trade unions were officially banned and all workers were forced to join the DAF (German Labour front)

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32
Q

Who led the SS?

A

Himmler

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33
Q

What happened on the 30th June 1934?

A

The Night of the Long Knives

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34
Q

What happened during the Night of the Long Knives?

A

400 members of SA killed, including Rohm. Hitler also used this opportunity to kill other opponents like von Schleicher

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35
Q

Who wanted Hitler to reduce the SA’s power and grow the German army under them instead?

A

General Werner von Blomberg

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36
Q

When did Hindenbug die?

A

August 1934

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37
Q

How did Hitler become Fuhrer after HIndenburg’s death?

A

merged the roles of Chancellor and President

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38
Q

What did Hitler call his Regime?

A

The third Reich - which he believed would last 1,000 years (he was a bit off)

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38
Q

Which law gave Hitler total control of local governments?

A

1934 Law for the Reconstruction of the Reich

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38
Q

What was Gleischaltung?

A

The Nazi regime conbined force and fear to achieve conformity

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38
Q

What was Heinrich Himmler in charge of?

A

the Gestapo, SS and SD

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39
Q

How did Nazis control the legal system?

A

decisions rested on judge alone, not jury - judges had to join National Socialist League for the Maintenance of the Law (meaning they had to rule in Nazi favour)

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40
Q

Who set up the Gestapo in 1933?

A

hERMANN gOERING

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41
Q

Why didn’t the gestapo wear uniforms?

A

They were secret investigators

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42
Q

What was the punishment for speaking against the Nazi regime and getting caught by gestapo?

A

torture or being sent to a concentration camp

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43
Q

What were the features of the SS?

A

wore black uniforms, highly trained and very disciplined, were Aryans, expected they would also have children with Aryan women

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44
Q

What were the roles of the SS?

A

had the power to search people’s property and send them to prison without receiving trial
Ran the concentration camps (were in charge of the Einsatzgruppen and death camps)

44
Q

What happened in concentration camps?

A

prisoners were foeced to do hard labour and were ill-treated. The camps were isolated so no one could see the bad things that happened in them

45
Q

Who was sent to concentration camps?

A

political prisoners, ‘undesirables’ such as prostitutes or homosexuals, ethnic minorities such as the Jews or gypsies

45
Q

How did religious opposition form against the Nazis?

A

Catholic loyalty was owed to the Pope, who criticised Hitler after 1937 and The Confessional Chruch was founded in 1934 to oppose the Reich Church

45
Q

Who controlled Nazi Propaganda?

A

The longest sitting member of the Nazi Party

46
Q

What did Nazi messages focus on?

A

The glory of war
Hitler as a powerful leader
The evils of communism
The inferiority of the Jews
The glorification of the Aryan race and volk values such as family

46
Q

How was film and radio used for propaganda?

A

Cinemas showed films that emphasised Nazi messages, subtly in entertainment films and clearly in propaganda films
Radio shows featured Hitler’s speeches, German music or Nazi history

46
Q

What embarrased Hitler during the Berlin Olympics?

A

the African-American Jesse Owens won gold in the 100 metres

47
Q

When was the Berlin Olympics?

A

1936

48
Q

When did the Nazi propaganda machine begin to fail?

A

When Germany started to lose the war

49
Q

How was censorship used?

A

books written by Jews or that disagreed with Nazi beliefs were burned.
All scrpts in plays, films and radio shows were told what to say by the Nazis.
Only newspapers that supported the Nazis were allowed to operate, Nazis controlled 80% of German Newspapers in 1944

50
Q

Which types of architecture did the Nazis model their powerful buildings off of?

A

Ancient Romans and Greeks

51
Q

Who was Hitler’s preferred architect?

A

Albert Speer

52
Q

Music by which composer were encouraged?

A

Beethoven

53
Q

Why was it hard to build broad support in the German population for political change?

A

The Gestapo would find and execute members of any underground opposition groups

54
Q

When was the Reich church founded?

A

1933

55
Q

What changed were made under the Reich church?

A

stopped using old testament because of association with Jews
Church ministers had to be pure Aryans
Blurred lines between God and the State in Nazi phrase “The Swastika on our chests and Cross in our hearts”
Sermons conveyed propaganda messages

56
Q

What happened to Cardinal von Galen?

A

He was the German leader of the Catholic Church and lived under house arrest until the end of the Nazi Regime

57
Q

What did Cardinal von Galen do as opposition?

A

Hade Hitler stop the euthanasia of the mentally disabled

58
Q

Name two youth group who resisted Nazi rule

A

Edelweiss Pirates and the Swing Youth

59
Q

Why were the edelweiss pirates and swing kids not severely punished when caught?

A

Their opposition was cultural, not political

60
Q

What did the Edelweiss pirates do?

A

attacked the Hitler Youth, wrote anti Nazi graffiti slogans, sang popular songs from before the Nazi regime, wore American style clothing

61
Q

What did the swing kids do?

A

play jazz, drink alcohol, and smoke
they organised illegal dances that thousands of young people attended and they came from wealthy backgrounds

62
Q

Who were the ‘undesirables’ of German society?

A

Homosexuals, socialists, disabled people, beggars, trade unionists

63
Q

Which law stated that Jews were no longer allowed to be German citizens and lots their rights?

A

1935 Reich Law (part of Nuremburg laws)

64
Q

Which law stated that Jews could not marry german citizens?

A

The Reich Law for the Protection of German Blood and Honour (part of Nuremburg laws)

65
Q

When did Jews begin to be placed in ghettos?

A

1939

66
Q

After invading the soviet union, which group of the SS killed all Jews they crossed?

A

Einsatzgruppen

67
Q

At which conference was the ‘Final Solution of the Jewish Question’ decided?

A

Wannsee

68
Q

What were the two aims of Goering’s four year plan in 1936?

A

self-sufficiency and rearmament

69
Q

When did Speer become ermany’s minister of armaments?

A

1942

70
Q

What did British and American bombers target to delay the war effort?

A

factories

71
Q

When had the Russians invaded Germany by?

A

1945 - January

72
Q

What was the Roesstrasse protest?

A

Absolute girlboss ‘aryan’ women whose Jewish husbands had been arrested by German police protested where they were being held. THe men were released after a few days to minimise the attention that the protests recieived. It was a rare successful protest against Nazi social policy

73
Q

When was the July plot?

A

20th July 1944

74
Q

Why was opposition to the Nazis not successful?

A

people were scared of repression and any opposition was divided and did not communicate with each other

75
Q

What was The White Rose?

A

opposition group formed by munich uni students Hans ans Sophie Scholl, published leaflets and graffiti exposing Nazi atrocities - executed by gestapo in 1943 after a public protest

76
Q

How many were executed for July bomb plot?

A

Stauffenberg and 5,746 others - included 19 generals and 26 colonelsW

77
Q

What did the July bomb plot highlight?

A

how many people within the army opposed the Nazi regime by the end of the war

78
Q

Which three countries did Germany invade between September 1939 and June 1940?

A

Norway, Denmark and Poland

79
Q

Which three countries were invaded in the space of 6 weeks in 1940?

A

France, Holland and Belgium

80
Q

Why did the Dutch army surrender on the 14th May 1940?

A

THe Luftwaffe’s brutal bombing of Rotterdam - 814 civilians killed, 24,00 houses destroyed

81
Q

Which country did Anne Frank live in?

A

the Netherlands

82
Q

When did Anne Frank die?

A

1945 at Bergen-Belsen concentration camp

83
Q

Why were Nazis policies in western europe kinder than in eastern europe?

A

Hitler thought the Dutch and Belgian were part of his Aryan race

84
Q

What didn’t change in the Netherlands under Nazi rule?

A

the schools, education system, and the civil service

85
Q

Was there resistance in the Netherlands?

A

Not really, people just wore carnations on their prince’s birthday - they weren’t punished for that

86
Q

How far west sdid the Third Reich strentch by 1942?

A

The Atlantic ocean

87
Q

When were Jews in Holland made to wear yellow stars?

A

29th April 1942

88
Q

How did the Dutch resist the Naizi’s forced labour policies?

A

went on strike, resisted, ran

89
Q

HOw many Dutch and Belgian Jews survived the war?

A

Dutch - 27%
Belgian - 60%

90
Q

What happened to the people living in Poland when the Nazis invaded?

A

removed from their homes which were then given to German people - Jews and Slavs were esent to concentration camps to do forced labour or be executed

91
Q

What did Hans Frank do which made him a not very nice person?

A

Frank was installed as the leader of the General Government in Poland. He forced polish peple to live in ghettos, closed polish schools, killed the most intelligent people in poland and oversaw the death camps in poland

92
Q

Why did the uprising in Warsaw in August 1944 fail?

A

lack of Soviet support

93
Q

Who was killed at the death camps?

A

Jewiish people, homosexual people, communist supporters, slav peopls, Black people, Prisoners of war, Political opponents of the Nazis, Roma (gypsy) people, Disabled people`

94
Q

What were the 6 deadliest death camps?

A

Auschwitz, Treblinka, Belzec, Chelmno, Sobibor, Majdanek

95
Q

How were prisoners killed at Chelmno?

A

Car exhaust fumes contain carbon monoxide. Exhaust fumes would be channeled into the van containing prisoners who would then die from lack of oxygen

96
Q

Why was Chelmno’s method for killing prisoners viewed as “good and efficient”?

A

It had a lower psychological impact on German soldiers, relative to other more crutal methods of killing (another solution could be to not mass-murder innocent people but yk)

97
Q

What is an example of resistance in the extermination camps?

A

In 1943 in Sobibor, Jewish prisoners killed 11 SS guards (led by Alexander Pechersky) - 240 of those who escaped on the 14 October 1943 died but 60 escaped and survived the war

98
Q

How many were killed at Auschwitz?

A

1.1 million

99
Q

At the end of 1944 as the Soviet Red Army marched towards Poland, what did Himmler do about the death camps?

A

Had all gas chambers destroyed, prisoners were forced to march 40 miles to be pushed deeper into German territory - thousands died because temps were below 0

100
Q

How long did it take for Germany to defeat France after they started bombing it?

A

17 days

101
Q

How was France split when invaded?

A

North was occupied, south was “free zone” but was a puppet state so basically controlled by Nazis anyway

102
Q

Which countries collaborated with the Nazis?

A

Creece, Croatia, Yugoslavia, Latvia

103
Q

Which countries neither fully collaborated nor fully resisted the Nazis?

A

Monacco and Denmark

104
Q

How did the french resist?

A

listened to BBC radio

105
Q

How many lives were saved by Polish resistance supporters?

A

450,000

106
Q

Who were the Bielski partisans?

A

a group of Jewish people living in the forest in Poland (now Belarus) - helped Jews escape the ghettos or transport to death camps

107
Q
A

History (5 decks)

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