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History 1: A/B > Nazi Economy 1932-45 > Flashcards

Nazi Economy 1932-45 Flashcards

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1
Q

Hitler’s aims for Economic Policy (4)

A
  1. Rearmament
  2. Autarky
  3. High enough living standards to ensure support
  4. Architectural projects to rebuild Germany
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2
Q

Economic Recovery (33-36): Tax cuts were implemented in… (3)

A
  1. Farming
  2. Small business
  3. Heavy industry
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3
Q

Economic Recovery (33-36): Grants were given to… (3)

A
  1. Businesses (to repay debt)
  2. Newly married couples (for furniture)
  3. Homeowners (for contractors + domestic servants)
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4
Q

Economic Recovery (33-36): The … [public works scheme] was established in June 1933 and had a budget of …

A

a) Reinhardt Programme

b) RM1,000 million

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5
Q

Economic Recovery (33-36): When was the Reinhardt Programme established?

A

June 1933

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6
Q

Economic Recovery (33-36): From 1932-33, government spending on work creation grew by… [%]

A

over 25%

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7
Q

Economic Recovery (33-36): Between 1933 and 1934, … jobs were created

A

2.8 million

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8
Q

Economic Recovery (33-36): … [%] of jobs were made from direct government measures

A

20%

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9
Q

Economic Recovery (33-36): What other [external] factor also aided German economic recovery?

A

A recovering world economy (i.e. Britain + the USA have enough money to buy German exports)

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10
Q

Economic Recovery (33-36): The … [employment programme] became compulsory from 1935

A

Reichsarbeitsdienst (RAD)

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11
Q

Economic Recovery (33-36): From when did service to the RAD become compulsory?

A

1935

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12
Q

Economic Recovery (33-36): Which three groups of people were not included in unemployment statistics? (3)

A
  1. Jews
  2. Women
  3. People involved with the RAD
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13
Q

Rearmament: From when were Mefo bills issued?

A

Autumn 1933

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14
Q

Rearmament: Name two companies that benefited greatly from Mefo bills (2)

A 
Possible answers:
1. IG Farben
2. Krupps
3. Siemens
\+ any other companies involved in rearmament
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15
Q

Rearmament: What did Mefo bills allow the government to do?

A

Mefo bills allowed the government to run a greater deficit than it would have normally been able to

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16
Q

Rearmament: By 1938, there were … [RM] of Mefo bills, compared to … [RM] of normal government bonds

A

a) RM9 billion

b) RM12 billion

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17
Q

Rearmament: Between 1933 and 1939, Mefo bills accounted for … [%] of military spending

A

20%

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18
Q

Trade (34-35): Why was the market disbalanced?

A

People were working and having more money, but no goods were being created (i.e. Public works schemes don’t produce consumer goods, nor does rearmament)

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19
Q

Trade (34-35): What goods were import quotas implemented on and when?

A

August 1934; wool, cotton, leather, fur, precious metals

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20
Q

Trade (34-35): How many new departments were created in the Ministry of Economics to handle import licenses?

A

25

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21
Q

Trade (34-35): When did German trade come back into balance?

A

Mid-1935

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22
Q

Trade (34-35): With which countries did Germany seek trade deals with? (3)

A

Possible answers:

  1. Yugoslavia
  2. Peru
  3. Argentina
  4. Nicaragua
  5. Romania
  6. Latvia
  7. Estonia
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23
Q

Trade (34-35): Which two key advantages did Germany’s trade deals as part of the New Plan give? (2)

A
  1. As the more powerful economy, Germany could gain more favourable trade deals
  2. Germany could negotiate barter deals, thus allowing trade without money actually leaving Germany
24
Q

Trade (34-35): The New Plan was successful because…

A

It solved the balance of trade problem and allowed for continuing rearmament

25
Q

Trade (34-35): The New Plan was unsuccessful because…

A

It caused a fall in living standards and a decline in the textile industry (20% of Germany’s workforce)

26
Q

Guns and Butter (35-36): Food shortages occurred as a result of…

A

Poor harvests in 1934-35

27
Q

Guns and Butter (35-36): Butter was rationed in…

A

1935

28
Q

Guns and Butter (35-36): By how much [%] did the price of pork and ham rise from 1934-36?

A

30%

29
Q

Guns and Butter (35-36): Which product did the Nazis avoid rationing and why?

A

Bread, because it would be extremely unpopular

30
Q

Guns and Butter (35-36): Who formed each side of the debate in the Guns and Butter debate?

A

a) Darré (Agriculture Minister) argued for more money on food
b) Goering and Blomberg (Military) argued for more spending on military

31
Q

Guns and Butter (35-36): Short term goal of the Command Economy

A

In the short term, Hitler had to expand military power through rearmament

32
Q

Guns and Butter (35-36): Long term goal of the Command Economy

A

The Command Economy was part of the long-term plan to acquire Lebensraum

33
Q

The Command Economy (36-39): Why was the appointment of Goering as head of the Four Year Plan Organisation a turning point?

A

It was the first time a Nazi party member had been granted a major role in economic policy; previously it had been traditional conservatives (e.g. Schacht)

34
Q

The Command Economy (36-39): Coal production from 1936 to 1938 increased… [tonnes]

A

From 320 million tonnes in 1936 to 381 million tonnes by 1938

35
Q

The Command Economy (36-39): Germany became self sufficient in terms of… [foodstuffs] (3)

A
  1. Bread
  2. Sugar
  3. Potatoes
36
Q

The Command Economy (36-39): Steel production from 1936 to 1938 increased… [tonnes]

A

From 19 to 23 million tonnes from 1936 to 1938

37
Q

The Command Economy (36-39): Ersatz rubber production increased… [%]

A

500%

38
Q

The Command Economy (36-39): Targets of the Four Year Plan consistently failed to be met, such as; (2)

A
  1. Steel: less than half of the required steel was delivered in 1937
  2. Ersatz Oil: less than 20% of the required ersatz oil was produced in 1938
39
Q

The Command Economy (36-39): In 1938, it was estimated that the coal industry was short of … [workers]

A

20,000 to 30,000 workers

40
Q

The Command Economy (36-39): Which two industries declined in the late 1930s and why? (2)

A
  1. Textiles, as a result of import quotas on materials such as cotton (Autarky)
  2. Aircraft, due to Goering’s refusal to implement modern techniques such as production lines (Ideology = it destroyed German craftsmanship)
41
Q

The Command Economy (36-39): From 1936-38, national debt…

A

doubled

42
Q

The Command Economy (36-39): War required a … [x-fold] increase in spending

A

a three-fold increase in spending

43
Q

The Command Economy (36-39): What were the consequences in agriculture?

A
  1. It concentrated jobs in cities (industry) - from 1933-39 over 1 million people left the countryside for the cities
44
Q

The Command Economy (36-39): As a result of the focus on rearmament, how much of the population worked in war-related industry? [%]

A

25% / One-quarter

45
Q

The Command Economy (36-39): How many firms were focused on military production?

A

2800

46
Q

Workers’ Living Standards (33-39): Industrial workers’ income increased by… [%], whereas industrialists’ income…

A

a) 25%

b) nearly doubled

47
Q

Workers’ Living Standards (33-39): The average working week increased…

A

from 43 hours to 47 hours

48
Q

Workers’ Living Standards (33-39): Working class diets became less varied as a result of Autarky. Which two foods decreased significantly from 1927-37? (2)

A
  1. Tropical fruit consumption in 1937 was over 30% lower than in 1927
  2. Meat consumption in 1937 was almost 20% lower than in 1927
49
Q

Workers’ Living Standards (33-39): Why were workers less represented in terms of pay?

A

They had no trade unions other than the passive DAF

50
Q

Workers’ Living Standards (33-39): Average hourly wages in 1939 were still …[%] below 1932 levels

A

2%

51
Q

Workers’ Living Standards (33-39): Workers in Nazi Germany had higher deductions from their salary. How much? What was this in Weimar?

A

18% - in Weimar this was 15%

52
Q

Workers’ Living Standards (33-39): What schemes meant workers had higher deductions from their salaries?

A

Winterhilfe, insurance

53
Q

Workers’ Living Standards (33-39): What did the KdF offer? (4)

A 
The KdF offered:
Subsidies in:
- sports training
- theatre tickets
- hiking trips
- holidays to Italy, Finland, Libya and Turkey
54
Q

Workers’ Living Standards (33-39): By 1937, what had the KdF accomplished?

A

By 1937 the KdF had a budget of RM29 million and had organised some 1.7 million short holidays for workers

55
Q

Workers’ Living Standards (33-39): What was the main drawback of KdF short holidays?

A

KdF accommodation was often basic and with poor sanitation

History 1: A/B (1 decks)

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