Nazi control & dictatorship 1933 -1939 Flashcards
When was the Reichstag Fire?
27th February 1933
What happened in the Reichstag Fire?
gov building brnt down & blamed on van der Lubbe (communist)
Nazis claimed it was communist plot
How did the Reichstag Fire help Hitler move closer to a dictatorship?
Nazi’s prty gnd incrsd spprt due -> cmmnst prty seen as threat & bnnd
When were the 1933 March Elections? What happened?
5th March - Nazis used police & SA -> shut down oppstn
How many Nazi opponents were killed during the 1933 March Election?
50
How did the 1933 March Elections allow Hitler to move closer to a dictatorship?
Hitler csd fear in oppstn = mr pwr ovr ppl as ppl = afrd
When was The Enabling Act passed?
24th March
What was The Enabling Act?
lw tht gv Hitler pwr wtht gng thrgh Rchstg
How did the Enabling Act help move Hilter closer to a dictatorship?
Hitler hd incrsd cntrl ovr as Chncllr, hw Grmny ws rn as cntry
When were trade unions banned?
2nd May 1933
What happened trade unions were banned?
= tkn ovr & ldrs arrstd
mgd -> Grmn Lbr Front mvmnt (DAF)
What happened when parties were banned?
July 1933 - lw pssd bnng ppl frm frmng nw pltcl prts
How did the banning of trade unions and parties help Hitler move closer to a dictatorship?
Hitler hd lss oppstn -> deal w & mntn pwr as chncllr
When was the Night of the Long Knives?
29th - 30th JUne
What happened during the Night of the Long Knives?
Hitler cncrnd incrsd pwr of SA, espclly ldr Ernst Rohm
-> SA ldrs tkn -> Nazi headquarters & sht dead
How did the Night of the Long Knives help Hitler move closer to a dictatorship?
incrsd fear in Hitler’s rvls & mr lylty frm army
When was the Death of Hindenburg?
2nd August 1933
What did Hitler do after the Death of Hindenburg?
md hmslf prsdnt aswll as chcnllr = Fuhrer
How did the Death of Hindenburg help Hitler move closer to a dictatorship?
hd ultmt cntrl ovr Grmny as no lngr smn abv hm
When did the army take an oath of loyalty to Hitler?
20th August 1934
How did the oath of loyalty allow Hitler to fully become a dictator?
Htlr hd incrsd accssblty -> use violence -> flly cntrl ppl
Define totalitarian state.
systm of gov whch dcttr rqrs all ppl -> cmpltly obey thm
What did the SS do?
cmttd antismtc hate crms led by Himmler
What methods did the SS use?
force - slghtd jews
What did the SD do?
intllgnc usd -> rmve oppstn
What methods did the SD use?
hgly edctd indvdls eg. lawyers usd -> fnd oppstn
What did law courts do?
ensrd all orgnstns = cntrlld by Hitler by swrng oath of lylty
What methods did law courts use?
Hitler cntrlld Reichstag, ddn’t prvd fair trls & cld keep smne in jl for as lng as chsn
What did the Gestapo do?
scrt ste plce led by Goring & Heydrich = arrstd dsbdnt ctzns
What methods did the Gestapo use?
pwr -> snd dsbdnt ctzns -> conc camps
By 1939, how many people were under arrest for political crimes?
160,000
What did concentration camps do?
pnsh jews, sclsts, cmmnsts, gypsies & gay people etc.
What methods did concentration camps use?
dehumanisation by harsh lbr & lmtd fd
- also hrsh dscpln, btngs & exctns
What percentage of German families owned a radio by 1939?
70%
What was the total number if cinema goers in Germany in 1933?
250 million
How did Hitler use film as a form of propaganda to maintain control over Germany?
cld prmt idlgs usng pplr frm of media
How many people on average would go to the annual rallies at Nuremberg?
1 million
Why were annual rallies held at Nuremberg?
advrts pwr of Nazi state
Why was the Church a problem in Nazi Germany?
Nazi idls oppsd blfs & vls eg. love & forgvnss
How was the Church used and destroyed?
- prtstnt blvrs vtd for Hitler
- chrch used as sme cmmn blfs eg. imprtnt fmly life
- chrch = dstryd as Hitler cldn’t hv tlt pwr if ppl blvd in God
What did Hitler involving the Catholic Church? What was it? When?
July 1933 - Concordat w Pope Pius XI - agrng -> stay out of each othrs bsnss
What happened soon after the concordat was signed?
Hitler brk it & arrstd prsts
Who were the German Christians?
grp of prtstnts who admrd Hitler
What was the group of protestants called who opposed Hitler? Who were they led by?
Pastor’s Emergency League - Pastor Niemoller
What eventually happened to Pastor Niemoller?
snt -> conc cmp
What were swing groups?
mddle clss yng ppl who tk prt in actvts tht Hitler dslkd eg. lstng -> swng msc
How did swing groups challenge Nazi regime?
yth = dsbdnt -> Nazi idls
Who were the Edelweiss Pirates?
wrkng clss yth grps who lstnd -> swng msc & pntd anti Nazi grfft on wlls
What was the membership of the Hilter Youth by 1939?
2000
How did the Edelweiss Pirates challenge the Nazi regime?
yng ppl = nt cnfrmng -> Nazi idls
