Nazi Control and Opposition

Question 1

What were the 2 main methods that the Nazis used to ensure power?

Answer 1

Indoctrination and Terror

Question 2

Who was the leader of the SS after 1929?

Answer 2

Heinrich Himmler

Question 3

What was SS membership by 1934?

Answer 3

50,000

Question 4

What was SS membership by 1939?

Answer 4

250,000

Question 5

Who set up the Gestapo and when?

Answer 5

Hermann Goering- 1933

Question 6

How many people had been arrested for political crimes by 1939?

Answer 6

An estimated 160000

Question 7

When was the SD set up?

Answer 7

1931

Question 8

What was the role of the SD?

Answer 8

Was the Nazis main intelligence body- identified potential threats and coordinated their elimination

Question 9

What type of opponents were detained at concentration camps?

Answer 9

Political, ideological and racial opponents

Question 10

What did judges have to become a part of?

Answer 10

The NSRB- National Socialist League for the maintenance of law- ensured Nazi views were endorsed in court

Question 11

When was the German Lawyers’ front established?

Answer 11

October 1933

Question 12

How many members did the German Lawyers’ Front have by the end of 1933?

Answer 12

10,000

Question 13

What did judges have to wear on their robes from 1936 onwards?

Answer 13

The swastika and Nazi eagle

Question 14

What court was set in in 1934?

Answer 14

A new ‘People’s court’, in which the judges were Nazi symphathisers

Question 15

List 4 Nazi beliefs that contrasted Christian ones:

Answer 15

-Glorification of violence
-Saw the weak as inferior
-Racial superiority
-Hitler seen as a god-like being

Question 16

Describe the distribution of religious people within Germany at the beginning of the Nazi regime:

Answer 16

~2/3 of the population were Protestant (mainly in the north) and a further ~1/3 in the south were Catholic

Question 17

How did Hitler try and weaken the Church’s power over the country?

Answer 17

-Established a Ministry of Church Affairs in 1936
-Set up a German Faith Movement in an attempt to displace Christian values

Question 18

How do we know that the German Faith Movement wasn’t a resounding success?

Answer 18

Only around 5% of the population joined it

Question 19

List 3 reasons why Hitler viewed Catholicism as a threat:

Answer 19

-Catholics were loyal to the Pope first
-Catholic schools had differing ideals to Nazi ones
-Catholics supported the Centre Party

Question 20

How did Hitler try to cooperate with the Catholics?

Answer 20

He signed a concordat with Pope Pius XI to keep politics and Church separate

Question 21

List 4 ways that Hitler renounced the concordat:

Answer 21

-Priests were arrested
-Catholic schools abolished
-Catholic youth movements dissolved
-Monasteries closed

Question 22

What percentage of families owned a radio by 1939?

Answer 22

around 70%

Question 23

What was important about the People’s Radio’s technological level of advancement?

Answer 23

It lacked shortwave reception, so could not pick up foreign broadcasts

Question 25

How did the Nazis control film production?

Answer 25

-Film plots had to be approved by Goebbels
-Stories contained embedded Nazi philosophies

Question 26

Why were posters a useful propaganda tool?

Answer 26

They were eye-catching and helped outline a clear message

Question 27

How many books were burned by students in Berlin in May 1933?

Answer 27

20,000

Question 28

How did Nazis control books, plays and poems?

Answer 28

-Held book burnings in which anti-Nazi content was destroyed
-Writers encouraged to praise Nazis

Question 29

What type of architecture did Hitler encourage for public buildings?

Answer 29

Monumental, grandiose buildings, similar to the architecture of the ancient Greeks and Romans as it reflected the power of the Third Reich

Question 30

When was the Berlin Olympics?

Answer 30

1936

Question 31

Why did the Nazis encourage sport?

Answer 31

To ensure that the nation was fit and healthy for fighting and raising children

Question 33

How did the Nazis acquire good public relations in the Berlin Olympics?

Answer 33

-Stadium largest in the world- could hold 110,000
-Germany won the most medals (33, 26,30)
-Anti-semitic signs removed

Question 34

How many had been sent to concentration camps in the years 1933-39?

Answer 34

1.3 million people

Question 35

Approximately how many had left Germany by 1939?

Answer 35

300,000

Question 36

How many generals did Hitler dismiss in 1938 and why?

Answer 36

16- some had criticised his foreign policy aims

Question 38

Name 2 youth groups that opposed the Nazis:

Answer 38

The Edelweiss Pirates and the Swing Youth

Question 39

How many Pirates were there by 1939?

Answer 39

2000

Question 39

How did the Edelweiss Pirates oppose the Nazis?

Answer 39

Wore clothes that the Nazis disliked, listened to forbidden music and opposed the Hitler Youth

Question 39

How did the Swing Youth oppose the Nazis?

Answer 39

Listened to ‘swing music’ and dressed unconventially

Question 40

How did some Protestants oppose the Nazis?

Answer 40

Pastor Martin Niemoller set up the Pastors’ Emergency League in 1933 to oppose the Nazis