Nazi control and dictatorship, 1933-39

Question 1

When was the Reichstag Fire

Answer 1

February 1933

Question 2

Describe the Reichstag Fire

Answer 2

A lone Dutch communist - Marinus van der Lubbe - was arrested for starting a fire on the Reichstag building
Hitler accussed the communists of conspiring against government - 4,000 were arrested
Hitler seized this oppurtunity to issue a Decree for the Protection of the People and the State - imprisoning political opponents and ban their newspapers

Question 3

What and when was the Enabling Act

Answer 3

1933, Hitler proposed:

Hitler would propose laws which could overrule the constitution (dictatorship)

Question 4

2 effects of the Enabling Act

Answer 4

Local government replaced by Nazis in March 1933

In May 1933, Communist offices were seized by the Nazis

Question 5

What were the SS?

Answer 5

Hitler’s personal bodyguards, set up in 1925

Question 6

2 reasons why Rohm and the SA threatened Hitler

Answer 6

Disagreed with Hitler’s policies

The SS wished to reduce the size of the SA to increase their power

Question 7

Describe the Night of the Long Knives

Answer 7

June 1934
Invited Rohm and 100 SA leaders to meeting in Bad Wiesse. They were taken to Munich and shot by the SS.
Afterwards, von Papen was kept under home watch so he could no longer check on Hitler

Question 8

When did Hindenburg die and how?

Answer 8

August 1934, lung cancer

Question 9

What happened after Hindenburg’s death?

Answer 9

Hitler made the army sign an oath of allegiance to him and Hitler becomes Fuhrer

Question 10

2 points of the SS

Answer 10

Set up and led by Heinrich Himmler, 1925

They ran concentration camps

Question 11

2 points of the SD (security services)

Answer 11

Set up by Heinrich Himmler in 1931 and led by Reynhard Heydrich
Spied on Nazi opponents

Question 12

2 points of the Gestapo (secret stat police)

Answer 12

Set up by Hermann Goering in 1933 and led by Reynhard Heydrich
Wore plain clothes to blend in to spy

Question 13

2 reasons why Catholics were a potential threat

Answer 13

They were loyal to pope

Saw God as ultimate authority, not Hitler

Question 14

What did Hitler promise in July 1933?

Answer 14

A concordant with the pope that Catholics were free to worship and run their own schools (he later broke this)

Question 15

2 points of the Confessional Church

Answer 15

Founded in 1934, led by Niemoller

Opposed the Nazis

Question 16

2 points of Reich church

Answer 16

Founded in 1933

Supported Nazis, led by Muller

Question 17

2 methods of censorship used by Hitler

Answer 17

Newspapers opposing Nazis were closed

Public burning of books written by Jews

Question 18

2 methods of Propaganda used by Hitler

Answer 18

The cinema persuaded the Nazi message

Hitler made radio speeches, played loudly in public areas

Question 19

What was the Reich Chamber of Culture?

Answer 19

Set up in 1933 and monitored by Goebbels, monitored all media to suit Nazi ideas

Question 20

Who was Joseph Goebbels

Answer 20

Reich Minister of Propaganda, 1933-45

Question 21

2 points of Church opposition to Hitler

Answer 21

Neimoller was sent to a concentration camp in 1938 for 7 years for speaking out against Nazis
800 Pastors arrested and sent to concentration camps

Question 22

3 factors of the Edelweiss Pirates

Answer 22

By 1939 they had 2000 members
They wrote anti-Nazi graffiti
They taunted the Hitler youth