Nazi Control and Dictatorship Flashcards
what was the Women’s Front?
the process of bringing all 230 women’s organisations under one body
what were some Nazi ideals for women?
- limited make-up
- no smoking
- stayed at home
- no interest in politics
how many live births were there in 1933?
under 1 million
what law was introduced in 1933?
Encouragement of Marriage, which gave loans to help couples marry, but only if the wife left her job
what was given out on the 12th August?
medals were awarded to women with large families
what about families with low incomes?
family allowance was available
what happened to the divorce law in 1938?
a divorce could happen if one spouse could not have children, this increased the rate by 1939
what was the Lebensborn?
a program where specific unmarried women could donate a baby to the Fuhrer by becoming pregnant by racially pure SS men
what was the German Women’s Enterprise?
an organisation that set up classes and talks on the topic of motherhood and household topics
when was the Sterilisation Law introduced?
in 1933, to remove “mental deficiency” in babies
how was the emphasis of marrying “racially pure” men stressed?
with the Marriage Health Law of 1935
what were women expected to look like?
they were encouraged to keep healthy and have their hair in a bun or plaits, things like high heels or trousers were not permitted as they were seen as bad for child bearing
when was the women concentration camp opened?
October 1933
what were the three Ks?
Kinder, Kuche, Kirche
what happened to women with jobs?
doctors, civil servants and teachers were forced to leave their jobs
what were schoolgirls taught?
they were trained for work at home and were discouraged from going into higher education
why did the women work policies change from 1937?
Germany began to rearm and men joined the army, so more women were needed to work, at this time marriage loans were also abolished
how did employment in women increase between 1933 to 1939?
from 11.6 million to 14.6 million
to Nazis, what was most important at school?
courage and prowess in athletics
what was “Napola”?
a training institute for boys aged 12 to 18, controlled by the SS from 1936
what were the dangers of Hitler schools?
live ammunition was used in war games and there were times where students died during these activities
how were textbooks adapted for Nazi ideology?
they were rewritten to show a Nazi view of history and racial purity, these books were approved by the Ministry of Education, e.g Mein Kampf was a standard text
how were school lessons adapted for Nazi ideology?
they ended and began with the Nazi salute, Nazi themes were in every subject, e.g maths questions were about social issues and history lessons were about communism
how were teachers adapted for Nazi ideology?
teachers swore an oath of loyalty and joined the Nazi Teachers’ League, teachers had to promote Nazi ideals
how was the curriculum adapted for Nazi ideology?
for boys, there was a big emphasis on the military, German history and the Aryan race, girls learnt to be good homemakers and mothers, 15% of the time was for physical education
what was the Hitler Youth?
an organisation set up to control young people in their free time, all other youth groups were banned and it was compulsory from 1936 and in 1939 there were 7 million members
what was the League of German Maidens?
a youth group to prepare girls for motherhood, mainly domestic activity, they wore blue skirts with white blouses and heavy marching shoes
what was the Reich Labour Service?
a scheme to provide young men with labour jobs, from 1935 all men from 18-25 had to serve in the corps for 6 months, they had very low pay and wore uniforms
what was invisible unemployment?
methods that Nazis used to keep down unemployment figures, it dismissed Jews, women, unmarried men, Nazi opponents
how were jobs created?
Hitler spent billions on jobs creation (37.1 billion in 1938), roads were built, 125,000 men were involved in construction, motorways were important in the case of war
how did rearmament work?
billions were spent on war equipment, production expanded and conscription was reintroduced in 1935 and the army grew to 1.4 million by 1939
what was Strength through Joy?
an organisation to improve the leisure time of German workers, they were at a low cost and included concerts and museum tours
what was Beauty of Labour?
a department of Strength through Joy that tried to improve working conditions e.g canteens and sport facilities
what was the Volkswagen scheme?
a scheme that gave workers the chance to subscribe for 5 marks a week, that would ultimately give them a car
how did wages increase?
from 86 marks in 1932 to 109 marks in 1938
describe the importance of food
food also came under propaganda, women were told how and what food to cook e.g the Eintopf was encouraged
why were some workers worse off?
women were denied employment opportunities, basic rights of workers were removed and living costs rose
why was there lack of freedom for workers?
in 1933, trade unions were banned and were replaced by the German Labour Front
what was the German Labour Front?
it was designed to bring all workers and employers to make the Volksgemeinschaft, however it did not allow for better pay or working hours or strikes
what was the issue with the Volkswagen scheme?
it was a con trick, despite the subscription paid nobody received a car and their money was not refunded
how did the cost of living change?
it increased, basic groceries increased in price and were often in short supply due to government policy to reduce production for the good of the farmers
how did working hours change?
the average working hours increased from 42.9 in 1933 to 47 in 1939
how were people with disabilities treated?
The Sterilisation Law was passed to create a “perfect race”, they were seen as “unworthy of life” and a “burden of society”
how were Gypsies treated?
they were accused of being “work shy” and threatened “racial purity” and in 1935 any marriage between Gypsies and Germans were banned
how were gay people treated?
gay men were arrested and seen as inferior to men
what was the euthanasia campaign?
in 1939, Nazis secretly got rid of the mentally ill or people with disabilities by starvation or lethal injection
how did Hitler believe a pure racial state was made?
through selective breeding and destroying the Jews
how did Nazi propaganda portray Jews?
as evil moneylenders, people who infiltrated society and needed to be removed
what did Hitler blame the Jews for?
the Great Depression in 1929 and the loss of WWI
how did Hitler gain support to eliminate the Jews?
through propaganda and the use of schools, e.g children were encouraged to hate Jews and textbooks had an anti-Semitic view
who controlled school textbooks and teaching materials?
the Ministry of Education
when were Jewish children expelled from German schools?
in November 1938
when was the boycott of Jewish shops?
in April 1933
explain the events of the boycott of Jewish shops
it began on the 1st April 1933 and only lasted a day, SA were placed outside Jewish shops and painted the Star of David and the police were not involved even in cases of violence
most Germans ignored the boycott and because it was a Saturday, most Jewish shops were closed anyway
when were the Nuremberg Laws passed?
on 15th September 1935
what were the Nuremberg laws?
laws that stated only people of German blood were German citizens, Jews lost their citizenship and the right to vote, essentially pushing them to the edges of society
it also forbade marriages between Jews
when was Kristallnacht?
on 9th November 1938
how many places of worship were destroyed as a result of Kristallnacht?
191 synagogues and 7500 business destroyed
explain the events of Kristallnacht
Herschel Grynszpan shot an official, protesting against the treatment of his parents after they were deported
Goebbels used this as propaganda which involved attacks of Jewish places
many windows were smashed, hence the name Crystal Night
how many people died or were sent to concentration camps as a result of Kristallnacht?
100 killed, 20,000 sent to concentration camps and 7500 businesses destroyed
