NAVLE

Question 1

Resting Energy Requirement

Answer 1

30*BW+70

Question 2

Equine Nerve Blocks

Answer 2

Palmer Digital
- palmer aspect of hoof

Abaxial sesamoid
- proximal interphalangeal joint & distal

Low 4 Point
- pastern / metacarpophalangeal joint and distal

High 4 point
- fet lock / carpus & distal

Question 3

Ds in Unweaned pigs

Answer 3

● Clostridium perfringens A and C
● Clostridium difficile
● E. Coli
● Transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE)
● Coccidia (Isospora suis and Eimeria spp.)
● Rotavirus

Question 4

Ds in Weaned Pigs

Answer 4

● Lawsonia
● swine dysentery
● trichuris suis
● ascaris suum
● salmonella

Question 5

● 1-7 day old pigs
● onset of watery yellow and often bloody diarrhea.
● dark red small intestines with hemorrhage
Dz, prevention?

Answer 5

● Clostridium perfringens A and C
● Prevention: vaccination of sows prior to birth

Question 6

● 1-2 days old pigs
● Pasty yellow to watery diarrhea.

Answer 6

● Clostridium Diff

Question 7

● 1-14 Days Old and First 2 Weeks Post Weaning pigs
● poor management practices & low temps.
● White to yellowish watery diarrhea with gas and fetid odor
● May see tail necrosis

Answer 7

● E. coli
● oral fluids and atibiotics

Question 8

● All ages but usually 1-5wk old pigs
● gray, pasty feces with poorly digested feed.

Answer 8

● Rotavirus
● supportive care

Question 9

● All age pigs
● Vomiting is often initial sign but not always present.
● Diarrhea with curds of undigested milk

Answer 9

● Transmissible Gastroenteritis
● caused by coronavirus
● biosecurity is key

Question 10

● 5-15 day old pigs
● Fetid, yellow to white diarrhea
● “sheep pellet feces”.
● round oocysts in feces
treatment?

Answer 10

● Isospora suis
● treat w/ sulfamethazine or ponazuril

Question 11

● pigs >25kg
● thickening of the intestinal mucosa with a fibrinonecrotic membrane

Answer 11

● Lawsonia
● injectable antibiotics to affected and antibiotics in feed to others

Question 12

● pigs >25kg
● Mucoid large bowel diarrhea with flecks of blood.
● large intestine mucosa covered by gray mucus layer or yellow necrotic debris
dz,treatment?

Answer 12

● swine dysentery
● treat w/ antibiotics often in water

Question 13

● pigs 3 mo & older
● hemorrhagic diarrhea.
● observation of double-operculated eggs

Answer 13

● Trichuris suis
● treated w/ dichlorvos or benzimidazoles

Question 14

● pigs 2-3 mo & older
● intestinal obstruction
● subcapsular white spots in liver
● pneumonia & abdominal breathing (thumps)

Answer 14

● ascaris suum
● treated w/ fenbendazole, pyrantel, ivermectin & several other

Question 15

● Pigs (2-3 Months and Up)
● generalized septicemia in younger pigs
● fever, yellow liquid diarrhea that may have flecks of necrotic debris in older pigs
● outbreaks of rectal strictures
Dz and treatment?

Answer 15

● Salmonella
● fecal culture or culture of mesenteric lymph nodes.
● Neomycin in water to herd

Question 16

Common gram (-) bacteria

Answer 16

● E. coli
● Brucella
● Lepto
● pasturella
● Lawsonia
● Actinobacillus
● Pseudomonas

Question 17

Common gram (+) bacteria

Answer 17

● Staph
● Strep
● Clostridium
● Truperella
● Erysipelas
● Fusobacterium (actually gram -)
● Actinomyces
● Rhodococcus
● Corynebacterium

Question 18

Midwest, GI and respiratory, radiographs w/ Diffuse or linear, nodular interstitial pattern, hilar lymphadenopathy,
pleural effusion

Answer 18

Histoplasmosis
treat w/ Itraconazole

Question 19

Hunting dogs, Ohio & Mississippi River, respiratory signs, thick walled budding yeast

Answer 19

Blastomycosis
treat w/ Amphotericin B if animal is deteriorating
itraconazole otherwise

Question 20

cats, Pacific NW, roman nose & respiratory signs, round thick capsuled fungi on cytology

Answer 20

Cryptococcus
treat w/ amphotericin B

Question 21

SW US, respiratory & lymphadenopathy & uveitis, spherules on cytology

Answer 21

Coccidioidomycosis
treat w/ Keotoconazole or Itraconazole

Question 22

front feet lameness, lameness switches to other foot after palmer digital nerve block, positive heel pain on hoof tester, “reverse oreo” on sole radiographs; dz, treatment

Answer 22

navicular syndrome
treat by improving breakover, wedge or heel pad

Question 23

lameness worsens after flexion of joint, can have joint effusion

Answer 23

osteoarthritis
○ “Bone spavin” = hock (especially intertarsal) joint OA
○ “High ringbone” = pastern joint OA (proximal interphalangeal)
○ “Low ringbone” = coffin joint OA (distal interphalangeal)

Question 24

○ Lameness, often acutely nearly not-weight bearing
○ Increased digital pulse, heat in hoof
○ Positive to hoof testers throughout foot
○ coronet band may become soft and sensitive to palpation focally
dzand treat?

Answer 24

hoof abscess
- drain & poultice

Question 25

treating joint contraction in foals

Answer 25

oxytetracycline

Question 26

test results on blood are most useful in confirming ruptured badder

Answer 26

Hyponatremia, hypochloremia, hyperphosphatemia

Question 27

Dog gestation time

Answer 27

63 days

Question 28

Salmonella Serotypes

Answer 28

• B: typhimurium
• C1: cholerasuis
• C2: Newport
• D: Dublin
• Enteriditis: in poultry

Question 29

fish “Flashing” & small white spots on the skin and gills;
dz?
how to diagnose?
how to treat?

Answer 29

• Ich
• visualizing parasites on skin scrapes and gill biopsies
• formalin and hypersalinity

Question 30

fish with skeletal deformation and neurological clinical signs
dz?
how to diagnose?
how to treat?

Answer 30

• Myxobolus cerebralis (“Whirling Disease”)
• visualizing spores in the cartilages of the head via histo or
  pepsin-trypsin digest.
• no effective treatment

Question 31

fish; faruncles, hemorrhage, kidney and vent swelling,
and ulcers
dz?
how to treat?

Answer 31

Aeromonas salmonicida (“Furunculosis”)
- oxytetracycline, sulfadimethoxine and ormetoprim, and florfenicol medicated feeds.

Question 32

fish; petechiae on the fins, vent, and mouth, and ulcers
dz?
how to treat?

Answer 32

Vibriosis
- vaccinate

Question 33

most well-known zoonotic fish pathogen

Answer 33

Mycobacteriosis (“Fish Handler’s Disease”)