Navigation Rules Flashcards
Rule 1
Application
The rules shall apply to ___ (Int’l)
All vessels upon the high seas and in all waters connected therewith navigable by seagoing vessels
Nothing in these rules shall interfere with the operation of special rules made by an appropriate authority for ___ (Int’l)
roadsteads, harbors, rivers, lakes or inland waterways connected with the high seas and navigable by seagoing vessels
Nothing in these rules shall interfere with the operation of any special rules made by the Government of any State with respect to ___ (Int’l)
Additional station or signal lights, shapes or whistle signals for ships of war and vessels proceeding under convoy, or with respect to additional station or signal lights or shapes for fishing vessels engaged in fishing as a fleet
These rules shall apply to ___ (Inland)
All vessels upon the inland waters of the US, and to vessels of the US on the Canadian waters of the Great Lakes to the extent there is no conflict with Canadian Law.
The regulations in this subchapter have preemptive effect over ___ (Inland)
State or local regulation within the same field
These rules constitute special rules made by an appropriate authority within the meaning of Rule 1(b) of the ___ (Inland)
Int’l Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, 1972
All vessels complying with the construction and equipment requirements of the ___ are considered to be in compliance with these rules (Inland)
International Regulations
Nothing in these rules shall interfere with the operation of any special rules made by the Secretary of the Navy with respect to ___ (Inland)
Additional station or signal lights and shapes or whistle signals for ships of war and vessels proceeding under convoy or with respect to additional station or signal lights and shapes for fishing vessels engaged in fishing as a fleet
Submarines may display, as a distinctive means of identification, ___
An intermittent flashing amber beacon with a sequence of one flash per second for three seconds followed by a three second off period
Other special rules made by the Secretary of the Navy with respect to additional station and signal lights are found in ___
32 CFR 706
Rule 2
Responsibility
The operator of each ___ shall carry on board and maintain for ready reference, a copy of these rules (Inland)
Self-propelled vessel 12 meters or more in length
Rule 2 part (a) (Int’l & Inland)
Nothing in these Rules shall exonerate any vessel, or the owner, master or crew thereof, from the consequences of any neglect to comply with these Rules or on the neglect of any precaution which may be required by the ordinary practice of seamen, or by the special circumstances of the case
In construing and complying with these Rules due regard shall be had to all ___ (Int’l & Inland)
Dangers of navigation and collision and to any special circumstances, including the limitation of the vessels involved
Vessels may make a departure from these Rules as necessary to ___ (Int’l & Inland)
Avoid immediate danger
Nothing in these Rules shall exonerate any vessel, or the owner, master, or crew thereof, from the consequences of ___ (Inland)
Any neglect to comply with these Rules or of the neglect of any precaution with may be required by the ordinary practice of seamen, or by the special circumstances of the case
Rule 3
General Definitions
Vessel
Every description of water craft, including non displacement craft, WIG craft and seaplanes, used or capable of being used as a means of transportation on water
Power-driven vessel
Any vessel propelled by machinery
Sailing vessel
Any vessel under sail provided that propelling machinery, if fitted, is not being used
Vessel engaged in fishing
any vessel fishing with nets, lines, trawls, or other fishing apparatus which restrict maneuverability, but does not include a vessel fishing with trolling lines or other fishing apparatus which do not restrict maneuverability
Seaplane
Any aircraft designed to maneuver on the water
Vessel not under command
A vessel which through some exceptional circumstance is unable to maneuver as required by these rules and is therefore unable to keep out of the way of another vessel
Vessel restricted in her ability to maneuver
A vessel which from the nature of her work is restricted in her ability to maneuver as required by these rules and is therefore unable to keep out of the way of another vessel
Vessels restricted in their ability to maneuver include but are not limited to ___ (6)
- Vessel engaged in laying, servicing or picking up a navigation mark, submarine cable or pipeline
- A vessel engaged in dredging, surveying or underwater operations
- A vessel engaged in replenishment or transferring persons, provisions or cargo while underway
- A vessel engaged in the launching or recovery of aircraft
- A vessel engaged in mine clearance operations
- A vessel engaged in a towing operation such as severely restricts the towing vessel and her tow in their ability to deviate from their course
Vessel constrained by her draft (Inland)
A power-driven vessel which, because of her draft in relation to the available depth and width of navigable water is severely restricted in her ability to deviate from the course she is following
Underway
Vessel is not at anchor, or made fast to the shore, or aground
Length and breadth
Length overall and greatest breadth
Vessels shall be deemed to be in sight of one another only when ___
One can be observed visually from the other
Restricted visibility
Any condition in which visibility is restricted by fog, mist, falling snow, heavy rainstorms, sandstorms, or any other similar causes
Wing-In-Ground (WIG) craft
Multimodal craft which, in its main operational mode, flies in close proximity to the surface by utilizing surface-effect action
Western Rivers
the Mississippi River, its tributaries, South Pass, and Southwest Pass, to the navigational demarcation lines dividing the high seas from harbors, rivers, and other inland waters of the US, and the Port Allen-Morgan City Alternate Route, and that part of the Atchafalaya River above its junction with the Port Allen-Morgan City Alternate Route including the Old River and the Red River
Great Lakes
The Great Lakes and their connecting and tributary waters including the Calumet River as far as the Thomas J. O’Brien Lock and Controlling Works (between mile 326 and 327), the Chicago River as far as the east side of the Ashland Ave Bridge (Between mile 321 and 322), and the St Lawrence River as far east as the lower exit of Saint Lambert Lock
Secretary
Secretary of the department in which the CG is operating
Inland waters
The navigable waters of the US shoreward of the navigational demarcation lines dividing the high seas from harbors, rivers, and other inland waters of the US and the waters of the Great Lakes on the US side of the international boundary
Rule 4
Application
Application (Int’l)
Rules in this Section apply to any condition of visibility
Rule 5
Lookout
Look-out rule
Every vessel shall at all times maintain a proper look-out by sight and hearing as well as by all available means appropriate in the prevailing circumstances and conditions so as to make a full appraisal of the situation and of the risk of collision
Application (Inland)
Rules 4 through 10 apply in any condition of visibility
Rule 6
Safe Speed
Safe speed rule
Every vessel shall at all times proceed at a safe speed so that she can take proper and effective action to avoid collision and be stopped within a distance appropriate to the prevailing circumstances and conditions
In determining safe speed the following factors shall be among those taken into account (6)
- State of visibility
- The traffic density
- The maneuverability of the vessel with special reference to stopping distance and turning ability in the prevailing conditions
- At night, the presence of background light or back scatter of her lights
- The state of wind, sea, current, and proximity of navigational hazards
- The draft in relation to the available depth of water
Additional safe speed factors for vessels with operational radar (6)
- Characteristics, efficiency and limitation of radar equipment
- Constraints imposed by the radar range scale in use
- the effect on radar detection of the sea state, weather, and other sources of interference
- the possibility that small vessels, ice and other floating objects may not be detected by radar at an adequate range
- The number, location, and movement of vessels detected by radar
- the more exact assessment of the visibility that may be possible when the radar is used to determine the range of objects in the vicinity
Rule 7
Risk of Collision
Every vessel shall use all available means appropriate to the ___ to determine of risk of collision exists
Prevailing circumstances and conditions
If there is ___ such risk shall be deemed to exist
Any doubt
Proper use shall be made of radar equipment if fitted and operational to obtain ___
early warning of risk of collision and radar plotting or equivalent systematic observation of detected objects
Assumptions shall not be made on the basis of ___
Scanty information, especially scanty radar information
In determining if risk of collision exists the following considerations shall be taken into account (2)
- If the compass bearing of an approaching vessel does not appreciably change
- may still exist with appreciable bearing change is evident, particularly when approaching a very large vessel or a tow or when the approaching vessel is at close range
Rule 8
Action to Avoid Collision
Any action taken to avoid collision shall be taken in accordance with the Rules of this Part and shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, be ___
Positive, made in ample time and with due regard to the observance of good seamanship
Any alteration of course and/or speed to avoid collision shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, be ___
Large enough to be readily apparent to another vessel observing visually or by radar, a succession of small alterations should be avoided
If there is sufficient sea room, alteration of course alone may be the most effective action to avoid a close-quarters situation provided that it is ___
Made in good time, is substantial and does not result in another close-quarters situation
Action taken to avoid collision with another vessel shall be such as to result in passing at ___. The effectiveness of the action shall be carefully checked until ___
- A safe distance
- The other vessel is finally past and clear
If necessary to avoid collision or allow more time to assess the situation, a vessel shall ___
Slacken her speed or take all way off by stopping or reversing her means of propulsion
A vessel which, by any of these rules, is required not to impede the passage or safe passage of another vessel shall, when required by the circumstances of the case, take ___
Early action to allow sufficient sea room for the safe passage of the other vessel
A vessel required not to impede the passage or safe passage of another vessel is not relieved of this obligation if approaching the other vessel so as to involve risk of collision and shall, when taking action, have ___
Full regard to the action which may be required by the rules of this part
A vessel, the passage of which is not to be impeded remains fully obliged to comply with the rules of this part when the two vessels are approaching one another so as to ___
Involve risk of collision
Rule 9
Narrow Channels
A vessel proceeding along the course of a narrow channel or fairway shall ___
Keep as near to the outer limit of the channel or fairway which lies on her starboard side as is safe and practicable
A vessel of less than ___ or a ___ shall not impede the passage of a vessel which can safely navigate only within a narrow channel or fairway
- 20 meters in length
- Sailing vessel
A vessel ___ shall not impede the passage of any other vessel navigating within a narrow channel or fairway
Engaged in fishing
A vessel shall not cross a narrow channel or fairway if ___
Such a crossing impedes the passage of a vessel which can safely navigate only within such channel or fairway
In a narrow channel or fairway when overtaking can take place only if the vessel to be overtaken has to take action to permit safe passing, the vessel intending to overtake shall ___
Indicate her intention by sounding the appropriate signal in Rule 34(c)(i)
The vessel to be overtaken in the narrow channel shall, if in agreement, sound the appropriate signal prescribed in ___. If in doubt she may sound the signals prescribed in ___
Rule 34 (c)(ii) Rule 34 (d)
This Rule (9) does not relieve the overtaking vessel of her obligation under ___
Rule 13
A vessel nearing a bend or an area of a narrow channel or fairway where other vessels may be obscured by an intervening obstruction shall ___
Navigate with particular alertness and caution and shall sound the appropriate signal prescribed in Rule 34(e)
Any vessel shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, avoid ___ in a narrow channel
Anchoring
A power-driven vessel operating in narrow channels or fairways on the Great Lakes, Western Rivers, or waters specified by the Secretary and proceeding ___ shall have right of way over ___, shall propose ___, and shall ___
- Downbound with a following current
- Upbound vessel
- The manner and place of passage
- Initiate the maneuvering signals
The vessel proceeding upbound against the current shall ___
Hold as necessary to permit safe passing
Rule 10
Traffic Separation Schemes
A vessel using a traffic separation scheme shall ___ (3)
- Proceed in the appropriate traffic lane in the general direction of traffic flow
- So far as practicable keep clear a a traffic separation line or zone
- Normally join or leave at the termination of the lane, but when leaving or joining from either side, shall do so at as small an angle to traffic flow as possible
A vessel shall, so far as practicable, avoid crossing traffic lanes, but if obliged to do so shall cross on a heading ___
As nearly as practicable at right angles to the general direction of traffic flow
A vessel shall not use an inshore traffic zone when she can ___
Safely use the appropriate traffic lane within the adjacent traffic separation scheme
Vessels ___ may use the inshore traffic zone, or to ___
- Less than 20 meters in length, sailing vessels, and vessels engaged in fishing.
- Avoid immediate danger
A vessel may use an inshore traffic zone when ___
En route to or from a port, offshore installation or structure, pilot station or any other place situated within the inshore traffic zone, or to avoid immediate danger
A vessel other than a crossing vessel or a vessel joining or leaving a lane shall not normally enter a separation zone or cross a separation line except ___ (2)
- In cases of emergency to avoid immediate danger
- to engage in fishing within a separation zone
A vessel navigating in areas near the terminations of traffic separation schemes shall do so with ___
Particular caution
A vessel not using a traffic separation scheme shall ___
Avoid it by as wide a margin as is practicable
A vessel engaged in fishing shall not ___ following a traffic lane
Impede the passage of any vessel
A vessel of less than ___ shall not impede the safe passage of a power-driven vessel following a traffic lane
20 meters in length or a sailing vessel
A vessel ___ in a traffic separation scheme is exempted from complying with this rule (10) to the extent necessary to carry out the operation
Restricted in her ability to maneuver when engaged in the operation for the maintenance of safety of navigation
A vessel restricted in her ability to maneuver when engaged in an operation for the laying, servicing, or picking up of a submarine cable, within a traffic separation scheme, is ___
Exempted from complying with this rule to the extent necessary to carry out the operation
Rule 11
Application
Application (section II) (Int’l)
Rules in this section apply to vessels in sight of one another
Application (section II) (Inland)
Rules 11 through 18 apply to vessels in sight of one another
Rule 12
Sailing vessels
When two sailing vessels are approaching one another, so as to involve risk of collision, one of them shall keep out of the way of the other as follows ___ (3)
- When each has the wind on a different side, the vessel which has the wind on the port side shall keep out of the way of the other
- When both have the wind on the same side, the vessel which is to windward shall keep out of the way of the vessel which is to leeward
- If a vessel with the wind on the port side sees a vessel to windward and cannot determine with certainty whether the other vessel has the wind on the port or on the starboard side shall keep out of the way of the other
For the purposes of this Rule the windward side shall be deemed to be the side ___
Opposite to that on which the mainsail is carried or, in the case of a square-rigged vessel, the side opposite to that on which the largest fore-and-aft sail is carried
Rule 13
Overtaking
Any vessel overtaking any other shall ___
Keep out of the way of the vessel being overtaken
A vessel shall be deemed to be overtaking when coming up with another vessel from a direction ___
More than 22.5° abaft her beam, that at night she would only be able to see the sternlight but neither of her sidelights
When a vessel is in any doubt as to whether she is overtaking another, she shall ___
Assume that this is the case and act accordingly
Any subsequent alteration of the bearing between two vessels shall not ___
Make the overtaking vessel a crossing vessel within the meaning of these rules or relieve her of the duty of keeping clear of the overtaken vessel until she is finally past and clear
Rule 14
Head-on Situation
When two power-driven vessels are meeting on reciprocal or nearly reciprocal courses so as to involve risk of collision each shall ___
Alter her course to starboard so that each shall pass on the port side of the other
Head-on situation shall be deemed to exist when a vessel ___
Sees the other ahead or nearly ahead and by night she could see the masthead lights of the other in a line or nearly in a line and/or both sidelights and by day she observes the corresponding aspect of the other vessel
When a vessel is in any doubt as to whether a head-on situation exists she shall ___
Assume that it does exist and act accordingly
A power-driven vessel operating on the Great Lakes, Western Rivers, or waters specified by the Secretary, and proceeding ___ shall have the right of way over an ___ and shall ___
- Downbound with a following current
- Upbound vessel
- Propose the manner of passage, and shall initiate the maneuvering signals
Rule 15
Crossing Situation
When two power-driven vessels are crossing so as to involve risk of collision, the vessel which has the other on her own ___ shall keep out of the way and shall avoid crossing ahead of the other vessel
Starboard side
Rule 16
Action by Give-way Vessel
Every vessel which is directed to keep out of the way of another vessel shall, so far as possible ___
Take early and substantial action to keep well clear
Rule 17
Action by Stand-on Vessel
Where one of two vessels is to keep out of the way, the other shall ___
Keep her course and speed
The vessel keeping course and speed may ___ as soon as ___
- Take action to avoid collision by her maneuver alone
- It becomes apparent to her that the vessel required to keep out of the way is not taking appropriate action
When, from any cause, the vessel required to keep her course and speed finds herself so close that collision cannot be avoided by the action of the give-way vessel alone, she shall ___
Take such action as will best aid to avoid collision
A power-driven vessel which takes action in a crossing situation to avoid collision with another power-driven vessel shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, ___
Not alter course to port for a vessel on her own port side
Rule 17 does not relieve the give-way vessel of ___
Her obligation to keep out of the way
Rule 18
Responsibilities Between Vessels
Rule 18 applies, except where rules ___ otherwise require
9, 10, and 13
Vessel precedence
- Vessel not under command or Vessel restricted in her ability to maneuver
- Vessel constrained by draft
- Vessel engaged in fishing
- Sailing vessel
- Power-driven vessel
- Seaplane
- WIG craft taking off, landing, and in flight near the surface
Rule 19
Conduct of Vessels in Restricted Visibility
Rule 19 applies to ___
Vessels not in sight of one another when navigating in or near an area of restricted visibility
Rule 19. Every vessel shall proceed at a ___
Safe speed adapted to the prevailing circumstances and conditions of restricted visibility
Rule 19. A power-driven vessel shall have her engines ready for ___
Immediate maneuver
Every vessel shall have to regard to the ___ of restricted visibility when complying with the rules of Section I of this part (Int’l)
Prevailing circumstances and conditions
A vessel which detects by radar alone the presence of another vessel shall determine if ___
A close-quarters situation is developing and/or risk of collision exists
A vessel which detects by radar alone, determines that a risk of collision exists, the following shall be avoided (2)
- An alteration of course to port for a vessel forward of the beam, other than for a vessel being overtaken
- An alteration of course towards a vessel abeam or abaft the beam
Except where it has been determined that a risk of collision does not exist, every vessel which hears apparently forward of her beam the fog signal of another vessel, or which cannot avoid a close-quarters situation with another vessel forward of her beam, shall ___
Reduce her speed to the minimum at which she can be kept on course. She shall if necessary take all her way off and, in any event, navigate with extreme caution until danger of collision is over
Every vessel shall have to regard to the ___ of restricted visibility when complying with Rules 4 through 10 (Inland)
Prevailing circumstances and conditions
Part A
General
Part B
Steering and Sailing Rules
Part C
Lights and Shapes
Rule 20
Application
Application of Rule 20
Rules in this part shall be complied with in all weathers
The rules concerning lights shall be complied with from ___, and during such times ___
- Sunset to sunrise
- No other lights shall be exhibited, except such lights as cannot be mistaken for the lights specified in these Rules or do not impair their visibility or distinctive character, or interfere with the keeping of a proper look-out
The lights prescribed by these Rules shall, if carried, also be exhibited from sunrise to sunset in ___ and may be exhibited in all other circumstances when ___
- Restricted visibility
- It is deemed necessary
The rules concerning shapes shall be complied with by ___
Day
The lights and shapes specified in these Rules shall comply with ___
The provisions of Annex I
A vessel’s navigation lights and shapes may be lowered if necessary to ___ (Inland)
Pass under a bridge
Rule 21
Definitions
Masthead light
A white light placed over the fore and aft centerline of the vessel showing an unbroken arc of the horizon of 225° and so fixed to show the light from the right ahead to 22.5° abaft the beam on either side of the vessel
Sidelights
A green light on the starboard side and a red light on the port side each showing an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 112.5° as so fixed as to show the light from the right ahead to 22.5° abaft the beam on its respective side
In a vessel of less than ___ in length the sidelights may be combined in one lantern carried on the fore and aft centerline of the vessel
20 meters
Sternlight
A white light placed as nearly as practicable at the stern showing an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 135° and so fixed as to show the light 67.5° from the right aft on each side of the vessel
Towing light
A yellow lights having the same characteristics as the sternlight
All-round light
A light showing an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 360°
Flashing light
A light flashing at regular intervals at a frequency of 120 flashes or more per minute
On a vessel less than ___ in length the masthead light shall be placed as nearly as practicable to the fore and aft centerline of the vessel (Inland)
12 meters
On a vessel less than ___ in length the sidelights when combined in one lantern shall be placed as nearly as practicable to the fore and aft centerline of the vessel
12 meters
Special flashing light (Inland Only)
Yellow light flashing at regular intervals at a frequency of 50 to 70 flashes per minute, placed as far forward and as nearly as practicable on the fore and aft centerline of the tow and showing an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon not less than 180° nor more than 225° as so fixed as to sow the light from the right ahead to abeam no no more than 22.5° abaft the beam on either side of the vessel
Rule 22
Visibility of Lights
The lights prescribed in these Rules shall have an intensity as specified in ___
Section 8 of Annex I
Minimum visibility ranges in a vessel of 50 meters or more in length
- Masthead light: 6 miles
- Sidelight: 3 miles
- Sternlight: 3 miles
- Towing light: 3 miles
- White, red, green, or yellow all-round light: 3 miles
Minimum visibility ranges in a vessel of 12 meters or more in length, but less than 50 meters in length
- Masthead light: 5 miles, except where the length of the vessel is less than 20 meters: 3 miles
- Sidelight: 2 miles
- Sternlight: 2 miles
- Towing light: 2 miles
- White, red, green, or yellow all-round light: 2 miles
Minimum visibility ranges in a vessel of less than 12 meters in length
- Masthead light: 2 miles
- Sidelight: 1 mile
- Sternlight: 2 miles
- Towing light: 2 miles
- White, red, green, or yellow all-round light: 2 miles
Minimum visibility ranges in inconspicuous, partly submerged vessels or objects being towed
- White all-round light: 3 miles
Minimum visibility range for special flashing light
2 miles
Rule 23
Power-driven Vessels Underway
A power-driven vessel underway shall exhibit: ___
- Masthead light forward
- Second masthead light abaft of and higher than the forward one (vessel less than 50 meters is no obliged to, but may do so)
- Sidelights
- Sternlight
An air-cushion vessel when operating in the non-displacement mode shall, in addition to the lights prescribed, exhibit ___
An all-round flashing yellow light
A WIG craft only when taking off, landing and in flight near the surface shall, in addition to the lights prescribed exhibit a ___
High intensity all-round flashing red light
Air-cushion vehicle all-round flashing yellow light shall be placed where ___ (Inland Only)
It can best be seen
A power-driven vessel of less than 12 meters in length may in lieu of the lights prescribed in this rule exhibit an ___
All-round white light and sidelights
A power-driven vessel of less than 7 meters in length whose maximum speed does not exceed 7 knots may in lieu of the lights prescribed in this rule exhibit an ___ (Int’l Only)
All-round white light and shall if practicable, also exhibit sidelights
The masthead light or all-round white light on a power-driven vessel of less than 12 meters in length may be ___ if ___, provided that the sidelights are combined in one lantern which shall be carried on the fore and aft centerline of the vessel or located as nearly as practicible in the same fore and aft line as the masthead light or all-round white light (Int’l Only)
- Displaced from the fore and aft centerline of the vessel
- Centerline fitting is not practicable
A power-driven vessel when operating on the Great Lakes may carry ___
An all-round white light in lieu of the second masthead light and sternlight. The light shall be carried in the position of the second masthead light and be visible at the same minimum range
Rule 24
Towing and Pushing
A power-driven vessel when towing shall exhibit: ___
- Two masthead lights in a vertical line. When the length of the tow, measuring from the stern of the towing vessel to the after end of the tow exceeds 200 meters, 3 such lights in a vertical line
- Sidelights
- Sternlight
- A towing light in a vertical line above the sternlight
- When the length of the tow exceeds 200 meters, a diamond shape where it can best be seen
When a pushing vessel and a vessel being pushed ahead are rigidly connected in a composite unit they shall be ___
Regarded as a power-driven vessel and exhibit the lights prescribed in Rule 23
A power-driven vessel when pushing ahead or towing alongside, except in the case of a composite unit, shall exhibit: ___ (Int’l)
- Two masthead lights in a vertical line
- Sidelights
- Sternlight
A power-driven vessel when pushing ahead or towing alongside shall exhibit: ___ (Inland)
- Two masthead lights in a vertical line
- Sidelights
- Two towing lights in a vertical line
A vessel or object being towed shall exhibit ___
- Sidelights
- Sternlight
- When length of tow exceeds 200 meters, a diamond shape where it can best be seen
Provided that any number of vessels being towed alongside or pushed in a group shall be ___
Lighted as one vessel
A vessel being pushed ahead, not being part of a composite unit, shall exhibit ___ (Int’l)
At the forward end, sidelights
A vessel being towed alongside shall exhibit a ___ (Int’l)
Sternlight and at the forward end, sidelights
A vessel being pushed ahead, not being part of a composite unit, shall exhibit (Inland)
At the forward end, sidelights, and a special flashing light
A vessel being towed alongside shall exhibit a ___ (Inland)
Sternlight and at the forward end, sidelights and a special flashing light
When vessels are towed alongside on both sideds of the towing vessel, a ___ (Inland)
Sternlight shall be exhibited on the stern of the outboard vessel on each side of the towing vessel, and a single set of sidelights as far forward and as far outboard as is practicable, a single special flashing light
An inconspicuous, partly submerged vessel or object, or combination of such vessels or objects being towed, shall exhibit, if it is less then 25 meters in breadth ___ (Int’l)
One all-round white light at or near the forward end and one at or near the after end except that dracones need not exhibit a light at or near the forward end
An inconspicuous, partly submerged vessel or object, or combination of such vessels or objects being towed, shall exhibit, if it is 25 meters or more in breadth ___ (Int’l)
Two additional all-round white lights at or near the extremities of its breadth
An inconspicuous, partly submerged vessel or object, or combination of such vessels or objects being towed, shall exhibit, if it exceeds 100 meters in length ___ (Int’l)
Additional all-round white lights between the lights so that the distance between the lights shall not exceed 100 meters
An inconspicuous, partly submerged vessel or object, or combination of such vessels or objects being towed, shall exhibit, ___ (dayshape) (Int’l)
A diamond shape at or near the aftermost extremity of the last vessel or object being towed and if the length of the tow exceeds 200 meters an additional diamond shape where it can best be seen and located as far forward as is practicable
Where from any sufficient cause it is impracticable for a vessel or object being towed to exhibit the lights or shapes prescribed, ___
All possible measures shall be taken to light the vessel or object being towed or at least to indicate the presence of such vessel or object
An inconspicuous, partly submerged vessel or object, or combination of such vessels or objects being towed, shall exhibit, if it is less than 25 meters in breadth (Inland)
One all-round white light at or near each end
An inconspicuous, partly submerged vessel or object, or combination of such vessels or objects being towed, shall exhibit, if it is 25 meters or more in breadth ___ (Inland)
Four all-round white lights to mark its length and breadth
An inconspicuous, partly submerged vessel or object, or combination of such vessels or objects being towed, shall exhibit, if it exceeds 100 meters in length ___ (Inland)
Additional all-round white lights between the lights so that the distance between the lights shall not exceed 100 meters: provided, that any vessels or objects being towed alongside each other shall be lighted as one vessel or object
An inconspicuous, partly submerged vessel or object, or combination of such vessels or objects being towed, shall exhibit, (dayshape) (Inland)
A diamond shape at or near the aftermost extremity of the last vessel or object being towed
A towing vessel may ___ to indicate its presence to an approaching vessel (Inland Only)
Direct a seachlight in the direction of the tow
Where from any sufficient cause it is impracticable for a vessel not normally engaged in towing operations to display the lights prescribed, such vessel shall ___
Not be required to exhibit those lights when engaged in towing another vessel in distress or otherwise in need of assistance
When a vessel not normally engaged in towing operations is towing another vessel in distress, all possible measures shall be taken to ___
Indicate the nature of the relationship between the towing vessel and the vessel being towed as authorized by Rule 36, in particular by illuminating the towline
On the Western Rivers (except below the Huey P. Long Bridge at mile 106.1 Above Head of Passes on the Mississippi River) and on waters specified by the Secretary, a power-driven vessel when pushing ahead or towing alongside, except those being a composite unit, shall exhibit ___ (Inland Only)
- Sidelights
- Two towing lights in a vertical line
Rule 25
Sailing Vessels Underway and Vessels Under Oars
A sailing vessel underway shall exhibit ___
- Sidelights
- Sternlight
In a sailing vessel of less than 20 meters in length the lights prescribed may ___
Be combined in one lantern carried at or near the top of the mast where it can best be seen
A sailing vessel underway may, in addition to the lights prescribed in this Rule, exhibit at or near the top of the mast, ___
Two all-round lights in a vertical line, the upper being red and the lower green, but shall not be exhibited in conjunction with the combined lantern
A sailing vessel of less than 7 meters in length shall, if practicable, exhibit ___ (Int’l)
The lights prescribed, but if she does not, she shall have ready at hand an electric torch or lighted lantern showing a white light which shall be exhibited in sufficient time to prevent collision
A sailing vessel of less than 7 meters in length shall, if practicable, exhibit ___ (Inland)
The lights prescribed, but if she does not, she shall exhibit an all-round white light or have ready at hand an electric torch or lighted lantern showing a white light which shall be exhibited in sufficient time to prevent collision
A vessel under oars may exhibit ___ (Int’l)
The lights prescribed in this rule for sailing vessels, but if she does not, she shall have ready at hand an electric torch or lighted lantern showing a white light which shall be exhibited in sufficient time to prevent collision
A vessel under oars may exhibit ___ (Inland)
The lights prescribed in this rule for sailing vessels, but if she does not, she shall exhibit an all-round white light or have ready at hand an electric torch or lighted lantern showing a white light which shall be exhibited in sufficient time to prevent collision
A vessel proceeding under sail when also being propelled by machinery shall exhibit ___ (Int’l)
Forward where it can best be seen a conical shape, apex downwards
A vessel proceeding under sail when also being propelled by machinery shall exhibit ___ (Inland)
Forward where it can best be seen a conical shape, apex downwards.
A vessel of less than 12 meters in length is not required to exhibit this shape, but may do so
Rule 26
Fishing Vessels
A vessel engaged in fishing, whether underway or at anchor, shall exhibit ___
Only the lights and shapes prescribed by Rule 26
A vessel when engaged in trawling, shall exhibit ___
- Two all-round lights in a vertical line, the upper being green and the lower white, or a shape consisting of two cones with their apexes together in a vertical line one above the other
- A masthead light abaft of and higher than the all-round green light (a vessel less than 50 meters is not obliged to but may exhibit this light)
- When making way through the water, in addition to these lights, sidelights and a sternlight
Trawling
The dragging through the water of a dredge net or other apparatus used as a fishing appliance
A vessel engaged in fishing, other than trawling, shall exhibit ___
- Two all-round lights in a vertical line, the upper being red and the lower white, or a shape consisting of two cones with apexes together in a vertical line one above the other
- When there is outlying gear more than 150 meters horizontally from the vessel, an all-round white light or a cone apex upwards in the direction of the gear
- When making way through the water, in addition to the lights prescribed, sidelights and a sternlight
The additional signals described in Annex II to these rules apply to a vessel engaged in fishing ___ (Int’l Only)
In close proximity to other vessels engaged in fishing
A vessel when not engaged in fishing shall not exhibit the lights or shapes prescribed in this rule, but ___
Only those prescribed for a vessel of her length
Additional lights for fishing vessels in close proximity shall be placed ___ (Inland Only)
Where they can best be seen. They shall be at least 0.9 meters apart but at a lower level than lights prescribed in this rule. The lights shall be visible all around the horizon at a distance of at least 1 mile but at a lesser distance from the lights for fishing vessels
Vessels when engaged in trawling, whether using demersal or pelagic gear, may exhibit ___ (Inland Only)
- When shooting their nets: two white lights in a vertical line
- When hauling their nets: one white light over one red light in a vertical line
- When the net has come fast upon an obstruction: two red lights in a vertical line
Each vessel engaged in pair trawling may exhibit ___ (Inland Only)
- By night, a searchlight directed forward and in the direction of the other vessel of the pair
- When shooting or hauling their nets or when their nets have come fast upon an obstruction, the lights prescribed in paragraph (a) of this rule
Vessels engaged in fishing with purse seine gear may exhibit ___ (Inland Only)
Two yellow lights in a vertical line. These lights shall flash alternately every second and with equal light and occulation duration
When may vessels engaged in fishing with purse seine gear exhibit the optional lights? (Inland Only)
Only when the vessel is hampered by its fishing gear
Rule 27
Vessels Not Under Command or Restricted in Their Ability to Maneuver
A vessel not under command shall exhibit ___
- Two all-round red lights in a vertical line where they can best be seen
- Two balls or similar shapes in a vertical line where they can best be seen
- When making way through the water, in addition to the lights prescribed, sidelights and a sternlight
A vessel restricted in her ability to maneuver, except a vessel engaged in mine clearance operations, shall exhibit ___
- Three all-round lights in a vertical line where they can best be seen. The highest and the lowest shall be red, and the middle light shall be white
- Three shapes in a vertical line where they can best be seen. The highest and lowest shall be balls and the middle one a diamond
- When making way through the water, a masthead light, sidelights, and sternlight
- When at anchor the light or shape prescribed in Rule 30
A power driven vessel engaged in a towing operation such as severely restricts the towing vessel and her tow in their ability to deviate from their course shall, in addition to the lights prescribed in Rule 24(a), exhibit ___
The lights or dayshapes for restricted in her ability to maneuver
A vessel engaged in dredging or underwater operations, when restricted in her ability to maneuver, shall exhibit the lights prescribed, and in addition when an obstruction exists ___
- Two all-round red lights or two balls in a vertical line to indicate the side on which the obstruction exists
- Two all-round green lights or two diamonds in a vertical line to indicate the side on which another vessel may pass
- When at anchor, the lights and shapes prescribed in this paragraph instead of those in Rule 30
Dredge pipelines that are floating or supported on trestles shall display the following lights at night and in periods of restricted visibility ___ (Inland Only)
- One row of yellow lights
- Two red lights at each end of the pipeline, including the ends in a channel where the pipeline is separated to allow vessels to pass (whether open or closed)
The yellow lights on a dredge pipeline must be ___ (Inland Only)
- Flashing 50 to 70 times per minute
- Visible all around the horizon
- Visible for at least 2 miles
- Not less than 1 and not more than 3.5 meters above the water
- Approximately equally spaced
- Not more then 10 meters apart where the pipeline crosses a navigable channel. Where the pipeline does not cross a navigable channel the lights must be sufficient in number to clearly show the pipeline’s length and course
The red lights on a dredge pipeline must be ___ (Inland Only)
- Visible all around the horizon
- Visible for at least 2 miles
- One meter apart in a vertical line with the lower light at the same height above the water as the flashing yellow light
Whenever the size of a vessel engaged in diving operations makes it impracticable to exhibit all lights and shapes prescribed, the following shall be exhibited ___
- Three all-round lights in a vertical line where they can best be seen. The highest and lowest shall be red, and the middle light shall be white
- A rigid replica of the International Code flag “A” not less than 1 meter in height. Measures shall be taken to ensure its all-round visibility
A vessel engaged in mine clearance operations shall, in addition to the lights prescribed, exhibit ___
Three all-round green lights or three balls. One of these lights or shapes shall be exhibited near the foremast head and one at each end of the fore yard
The lights and shapes for a vessel engaged in mine clearance operations indicate that ___
It is dangerous for another vessel to approach within 1000 meters of the mine clearance vessel
Vessels of less than ___ in length, except those engaged in diving operations, shall not be required to exhibit the lights and shapes prescribed in Rule 27
12 meters
The signals prescribed in Rule 27 are not signals of vessels in distress and requiring assistance. Such signals are contained in ___
Annex IV
Rule 28 (Int’l Only)
Vessels Constrained by Their Draft
A vessel constrained by her draft may, in addition to the lights prescribed, exhibit where they can best be seen ___ (Int’l Only)
Three all-round red lights in a vertical line, or a cylinder
Rule 29
Pilot Vessels
A vessel engaged on pilotage duty shall exhibit ___
- At or near the masthead, two all-round lights in a vertical line, the upper being white and the lower red
- When underway, sidelights and a sternlight
- When at anchor, the anchor light
A pilot vessel when not engaged on pilotage duty shall exhibit the lights or shapes ___
Prescribed for a similar vessel of her length
Rule 30
Anchored Vessels and Vessels Aground
A vessel at anchor shall exhibit where it can best be seen ___
- In the fore part, an all-round white light or one ball
- At or near the stern and at a lower level, an all-round white light
A vessel of less than ___ in length may exhibit an all-round white light where it can best be seen instead of the lights prescribed in this rule
50 meters
A vessel at anchor may, and a vessel of 100 meters and more in length shall, also use ___
The available working or equivalent lights to illuminate her decks
A vessel aground shall exhibit in addition to the lights prescribed in Rule 30, where they can best be seen ___
- Two all-round red lights in a vertical line
- Three balls in a vertical line
A vessel of less than ___ in length, when at anchor, not in or near a narrow channel, fairway or anchorage, or where other vessels normally navigate, shall not be required to exhibit the lights or shape prescribed in this rule
7 meters
A vessel of less than ___ in length, when aground, shall not be required to exhibit the lights or shapes prescribed in this rule
12 meters
A vessel of less than ___ in length, when at anchor in a special anchorage area designated by the CG, shall not be required to exhibit the anchor lights and shapes required by this rule (Inland Only)
20 meters
The following barges shall display at night and if practicable in periods of restricted visibility the lights described in Rule 30 (i) (Inland Only)
- Every barge projecting into a buoyed or restricted channel
- Every barge so moored that it reduces the available navigable width of any channel to less than 80 meters
- Barges moored in groups more than two barges wide or to a max width of over 25 meters
- Every barge not moored parallel to the bank or dock
Barges described in paragraph (h) shall carry ___ (Inland Only)
Two unobstructed all-round white lights of an intensity to be visible for at least 1 NM and meeting the technical requirements as prescribed in Annex I
A barge or group of barges at anchor or made fast to one or more mooring buoys or other similar device, in lieu of the provisions of this rule, may carry ___ (Inland Only)
Unobstructed all-round white lights of an intensity to be visible for at least 1 NM that meet the requirements of Annex 1
Any barge that projects from a group formation, shall be lighted on ___ (Inland Only)
Its outboard corners
On a single barge moored in water where other vessels normally navigate on both sides of the barge, lights shall be placed to ___ (Inland Only)
Mark the corner extremities of the barge
On barges moored in group formation, moored in water where other vessels normally navigate on both sides of the group, lights shall be placed to mark ___ (Inland Only)
The corner extremities of the group
The following barges are exempt from the requirements of Rule 30: ___ (Inland Only)
- A barge or group of barges moored in a slip or slough used primarily for mooring purposes
- A barge or group of barges moored behind a pierhead
- A barge less than 20 meters in length when moored in a special anchorage area designated IAW 109.10 of this chapter
Barges moored in well-illuminated areas are ___
Exempt from the lighting requirements of this rule
Well-illuminated areas are listed in ___
Rule 30
Rule 31
Seaplanes
Where it is impracticable for a seaplane or a WIG craft to exhibit lights and shapes prescribed by the Rules she shall exhibit lights and shapes ___
As closely similar in characteristics and position as is possible
Rule 32
Definitions
Part D
Sounds and Light SIgnals
Whistle
Any sound signaling appliance capable of producing the prescribed blasts and which complies with the specifications in Annex III
Short blast
A blast of about one second’s duration
Prolonged blast
A blast of from four to six seconds’ duration
Rule 33
Equipment for Sound Signals
A vessel of ___ in length shall be provided with a whistle
12 meters or more
A vessel of ___ in length shall be provided with a bell in addition to a whistle
20 meters or more
A vessel of ___ in length shall, in addition, be provided with a gone, the tone and sound of which cannot be confused with that of the bell
100 meters or more
The whistle, bell, and gong shall comply with the specifications in ___
Annex III
The bell or gong or both may be replaced by other equipment having the same respective sound characteristics, provided that ___
Manual sounding of the prescribed signals shall always be possible
A vessel of less than ___ in length shall not be obliged to carry the sound signalling appliances, but if she does not, she shall be provided with ___
- 12 meters
- Some other means of making an efficient sound signal
Rule 34
Maneuvering and Warning Signals
When vessels are in sight of one another, a power-driven vessel underway, when maneuvering, shall ___
Indicate that maneuver by the signals on her whistle
One short blast (Int’l)
I am altering my course to starboard
Two short blasts (Int’l)
I am altering my course to port
Three short blasts
I am operating astern propulsion
Any vessel may supplement the whistle signals by ___ (Int’l)
Light signals, repeated as appropriate, while the maneuver is being carried out
One flash (Int’l)
I am altering my course to starboard
Two flashes (Int’l)
I am altering my course to port
Three flashes
I am operating astern propulsion
The duration of each flash shall be ___ (Int’l)
About one second, the interval between flashes shall be about one second, and the interval between successive signals shall not be less than ten seconds
The light used for this signal shall, if fitted, be ___ (Int’l)
An all-round white light, visible at a minimum range of 5 miles, and shall comply with Annex I
When in sight of another in a narrow channel or fairway, a vessel intending to overtake another shall indicate her intention with
Sound signals on her whistle
Two prolonged blasts followed by one shore blast (Int’l)
I intend to overtake you on your starboard side
Two prolonged blasts followed by two short blasts (Int’l)
I intend to overtake you on your port side
The vessel about to be overtaken when acting IAW Rule 9 shall indicate her agreement by the following signal on her whistle (Int’l)
One prolonged, on short, one prolonged, and one short blast, in that order
When power-driven vessels are in sight of one another and meeting or crossing at a distance within ___, each vessel under way, when maneuvering shall sound the appropriate signal (Inland)
Half a mile
One short blast (Inland)
- I intend to leave you on my port side
- I intend to overtake you on your starboard side
Two short blasts (Inland)
- I intend to leave you on my starboard side
- I Intend to overtake you on your starboard side
Upon hearing the one or two blast signal of the other shall, if in agreement, sound ___ (Inland)
The same whistle signal and take the steps necessary to effect a safe passing
If, however, from any cause, the vessel doubts the safety of the proposed passing maneuver, she shall sound ___ (Inland)
The danger signal
One flash (Inland)
I intend to leave you on my port side
Two flashes (Inland)
I intend to leave you on my starboard side
The duration of each flash shall be ___ (Inland)
About 1 second
The light used for this signal shall, if fitted be ___ (Inland)
One all-round white or yellow light, visible at a minimum range of 2 miles, synchronized with the whistle, and shall comply with Annex I
A vessel may supplement the whistle signals of Rule 34 by ___ (Inland)
Light signals
The power-driven vessel about to be overtaken shall, if in agreement sound ___. If in doubt she shall sound the ___ (Inland)
- A similar sound signal
- Danger signal
When vessels in sight of one another are approaching each other and from any cause either vessel fails to understand the intentions or actions of the other, or is in doubt whether sufficient action is being taken by the other to avoid collision the vessel in doubt shall ___
Immediately indicate such doubt by giving at least five short rapid blasts on the whistle. Such signal may be supplemented by a light signal of at least five short rapid flashes
A vessel nearing a bend or an area of a channel or fairway where other vessels may be obscured by an intervening obstruction shall sound ___. Such signal shall be answered with a ___ by any ___
- One prolonged blast
- Prolonged blast
- Approaching vessel that may be within hearing around the bend or behind the intervening obstruction
If whistles are fitted on a vessel at a distance apart of more than ___, one whistle only shall be used for giving maneuvering and warning signals
100 meters
When a power-driven vessel is leaving a dock or berth, she shall sound ___ (Inland Only)
One prolonged blast
A vessel that reaches agreement with another vessel in a head-on, crossing, or overtaking situation, as for example by the Vessel Bridge-to-Bridge Radiotelephone Act, is ___ (Inland Only)
Not obliged to sound the whistle signals, but may do so
If agreement is not reached, then ___ (Inland Only)
Whistle signals shall be exchanged in a timely manner and shall prevail
Rule 35
Sound Signals in Restricted Visibility
In or near an area of restricted visibility, whether by day or night, the signals prescribed in ___ shall be used
Rule 35
A power-driven vessel making way through the water shall sound ___
At intervals of not more than 2 minutes one prolonged blast
A power-driven vessel underway but stopped and making no way through the water shall sound ___
At intervals of not more than 2 minutes two prolonged blasts in succession with an interval of about two seconds between them
A vessel not under command, a vessel restricted in her ability, a vessel constrained by draft, a sailing vessel, a vessel engaged in fishing, and a vessel engaged in towing or pushing another vessel shall sound ___
At intervals of not more than two minutes three blasts in succession, namely one prolonged followed by two short blasts
A Vessel engaged in fishing, when at anchor, and a vessel restricted in her ability to maneuver when carrying out her work at anchor, shall sound ___ (Int’l Only)
One prolonged followed by two short blasts
A vessel towed or if more than one vessel is towed the last vessel of the tow, if manned, shall sound ___
At intervals of not more than 2 minutes, four blasts in succession, namely one prolonged followed by three shot blasts, made immediately after the signal made by the towing vessel
When a pushing vessel and a vessel being pushed ahead are rigidly connected in a composite unit they shall be regarded as a ___ and shall give the signals ___
- Power-driven vessel
- Prescribed in paragraphs (a) and (b) of Rule 35
A vessel at anchor shall sound ___
At intervals of not more than one minute ring the bell rapidly for about 5 seconds
In a vessel of 100 meters or more in length at anchor shall sound ___
The bell in the forepart of the vessel and immidately after the ringing of the bell the gong shall be sounded rapidly for about 5 seconds in the after part of the vessel
A vessel at anchor may in addition sound ___
Three blasts in succession, namely one short, one prolonged, and one short blast, to give warning of her position and of the possibility of collision to an approaching vessel
A vessel aground shall give the ___
Bell signal and if required the gong signal and shall, in addition, give three separate and distinct strokes on the bell immediately before and after the rapid ringing of the bell
A vessel of ___ but less than ___ in length shall not be obliged to give the bell signals. However, if she does not, shall ___
- 12 meters or more
- 20 meters
- Make some other efficient sound signal at intervals of not more than 2 minutes
A vessel of less than ___ in length shall not be obliged to give the signals for anchor, but if she does not, shall make some other efficient sound signal at intervals of not more than 2 minutes
12 meters
A pilot vessel when engaged on pilotage duty may in addition to the signals prescribed, sound ___
An identity signal consisting of four short blasts
Rule 36
Signals to Attract Attention
If necessary to attract the attention of another vessel, any vessel may ___
Make light or sound signals that cannot be mistaken for any signal authorized elsewhere in these rules, or may direct the beam of her searchlight in the direction of the danger, in such a way as not to embarrass any vessel
Any light to attract the attention of another vessel shall be such that it ___
Cannot be mistaken for any aid to navigation
For the purpose of Rule 36 the use of ___ shall be avoided
High intensity intermittent or revolving lights, such as strobe lights
The following vessels shall not be required to sound signals as prescribed by Rule 35 when anchored in a special anchorage area designated the CG: ___
- Vessel less than 20 meters
- A barge, canal boat, scow, or other nondescript craft
Rule 37
Distress Signals
When a vessel is in distress and requires assistance she shall use or exhibit the signals described in ___
Annex IV
Distress Signals
- Red star shells
- Fog horn continuous sounding
- Flames on a vessel
- Gun fired at intervals of 1 minute
- Orange background black ball and square
- SOS
- “Mayday” by radio
- Parachute red flare
- Dye marker (any color)
- Code flags November Charlie
- Square flag and ball
Wave arms - INMARSAT
- Digital Selective Calling
- Position indicating radio beacon
- Smoke
- High intensity white light flashing at regular intervals from 50 to 70 times per minute (Inland Only)
Part E
Exemptions
Rule 38
Exemptions
Any vessel provided that she complies with the requirements of the ___ May be exempted from compliance (Int’l)
International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, 1960, the keel of which is laid or which is at a corresponding stage of construction before the entry into force of these regulations
Any vessel, the keel of which was laid before Dec 24, 1980 provided she complies with the requirements of ___ shall be exempted from compliance with the technical annexes to these rules (Inland)
- Act of Jun 7, 1897
- Section 4233 of the Revised Statutes
- Act of Feb 8, 1895
- Sections 3, 4, and 5 of the Act of Apr 25, 1940
(Keel laid before Dec 24, 1980) Power-driven vessels of ___ in length are permanently exempt from the provisions of Rule 23(a)(i) and (iv) provided that, in place of these lights, the vessel exhibits ___ (Inland)
- 12 meters or more but less than 20 meters
- A white light aft visible all-round the horizon
Annex I
Positioning and Technical Details of Lights and Shapes
Height above the hull
Height above the uppermost continuous deck. Shall be measure from the position vertically beneath the location of the light
