Navigation Rules Flashcards
Rule 1
Application
The rules shall apply to ___ (Int’l)
All vessels upon the high seas and in all waters connected therewith navigable by seagoing vessels
Nothing in these rules shall interfere with the operation of special rules made by an appropriate authority for ___ (Int’l)
roadsteads, harbors, rivers, lakes or inland waterways connected with the high seas and navigable by seagoing vessels
Nothing in these rules shall interfere with the operation of any special rules made by the Government of any State with respect to ___ (Int’l)
Additional station or signal lights, shapes or whistle signals for ships of war and vessels proceeding under convoy, or with respect to additional station or signal lights or shapes for fishing vessels engaged in fishing as a fleet
These rules shall apply to ___ (Inland)
All vessels upon the inland waters of the US, and to vessels of the US on the Canadian waters of the Great Lakes to the extent there is no conflict with Canadian Law.
The regulations in this subchapter have preemptive effect over ___ (Inland)
State or local regulation within the same field
These rules constitute special rules made by an appropriate authority within the meaning of Rule 1(b) of the ___ (Inland)
Int’l Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, 1972
All vessels complying with the construction and equipment requirements of the ___ are considered to be in compliance with these rules (Inland)
International Regulations
Nothing in these rules shall interfere with the operation of any special rules made by the Secretary of the Navy with respect to ___ (Inland)
Additional station or signal lights and shapes or whistle signals for ships of war and vessels proceeding under convoy or with respect to additional station or signal lights and shapes for fishing vessels engaged in fishing as a fleet
Submarines may display, as a distinctive means of identification, ___
An intermittent flashing amber beacon with a sequence of one flash per second for three seconds followed by a three second off period
Other special rules made by the Secretary of the Navy with respect to additional station and signal lights are found in ___
32 CFR 706
Rule 2
Responsibility
The operator of each ___ shall carry on board and maintain for ready reference, a copy of these rules (Inland)
Self-propelled vessel 12 meters or more in length
Rule 2 part (a) (Int’l & Inland)
Nothing in these Rules shall exonerate any vessel, or the owner, master or crew thereof, from the consequences of any neglect to comply with these Rules or on the neglect of any precaution which may be required by the ordinary practice of seamen, or by the special circumstances of the case
In construing and complying with these Rules due regard shall be had to all ___ (Int’l & Inland)
Dangers of navigation and collision and to any special circumstances, including the limitation of the vessels involved
Vessels may make a departure from these Rules as necessary to ___ (Int’l & Inland)
Avoid immediate danger
Nothing in these Rules shall exonerate any vessel, or the owner, master, or crew thereof, from the consequences of ___ (Inland)
Any neglect to comply with these Rules or of the neglect of any precaution with may be required by the ordinary practice of seamen, or by the special circumstances of the case
Rule 3
General Definitions
Vessel
Every description of water craft, including non displacement craft, WIG craft and seaplanes, used or capable of being used as a means of transportation on water
Power-driven vessel
Any vessel propelled by machinery
Sailing vessel
Any vessel under sail provided that propelling machinery, if fitted, is not being used
Vessel engaged in fishing
any vessel fishing with nets, lines, trawls, or other fishing apparatus which restrict maneuverability, but does not include a vessel fishing with trolling lines or other fishing apparatus which do not restrict maneuverability
Seaplane
Any aircraft designed to maneuver on the water
Vessel not under command
A vessel which through some exceptional circumstance is unable to maneuver as required by these rules and is therefore unable to keep out of the way of another vessel
Vessel restricted in her ability to maneuver
A vessel which from the nature of her work is restricted in her ability to maneuver as required by these rules and is therefore unable to keep out of the way of another vessel
Vessels restricted in their ability to maneuver include but are not limited to ___ (6)
- Vessel engaged in laying, servicing or picking up a navigation mark, submarine cable or pipeline
- A vessel engaged in dredging, surveying or underwater operations
- A vessel engaged in replenishment or transferring persons, provisions or cargo while underway
- A vessel engaged in the launching or recovery of aircraft
- A vessel engaged in mine clearance operations
- A vessel engaged in a towing operation such as severely restricts the towing vessel and her tow in their ability to deviate from their course
Vessel constrained by her draft (Inland)
A power-driven vessel which, because of her draft in relation to the available depth and width of navigable water is severely restricted in her ability to deviate from the course she is following
Underway
Vessel is not at anchor, or made fast to the shore, or aground
Length and breadth
Length overall and greatest breadth
Vessels shall be deemed to be in sight of one another only when ___
One can be observed visually from the other
Restricted visibility
Any condition in which visibility is restricted by fog, mist, falling snow, heavy rainstorms, sandstorms, or any other similar causes
Wing-In-Ground (WIG) craft
Multimodal craft which, in its main operational mode, flies in close proximity to the surface by utilizing surface-effect action
Western Rivers
the Mississippi River, its tributaries, South Pass, and Southwest Pass, to the navigational demarcation lines dividing the high seas from harbors, rivers, and other inland waters of the US, and the Port Allen-Morgan City Alternate Route, and that part of the Atchafalaya River above its junction with the Port Allen-Morgan City Alternate Route including the Old River and the Red River
Great Lakes
The Great Lakes and their connecting and tributary waters including the Calumet River as far as the Thomas J. O’Brien Lock and Controlling Works (between mile 326 and 327), the Chicago River as far as the east side of the Ashland Ave Bridge (Between mile 321 and 322), and the St Lawrence River as far east as the lower exit of Saint Lambert Lock
Secretary
Secretary of the department in which the CG is operating
Inland waters
The navigable waters of the US shoreward of the navigational demarcation lines dividing the high seas from harbors, rivers, and other inland waters of the US and the waters of the Great Lakes on the US side of the international boundary
Rule 4
Application
Application (Int’l)
Rules in this Section apply to any condition of visibility
Rule 5
Lookout
Look-out rule
Every vessel shall at all times maintain a proper look-out by sight and hearing as well as by all available means appropriate in the prevailing circumstances and conditions so as to make a full appraisal of the situation and of the risk of collision
Application (Inland)
Rules 4 through 10 apply in any condition of visibility
Rule 6
Safe Speed
Safe speed rule
Every vessel shall at all times proceed at a safe speed so that she can take proper and effective action to avoid collision and be stopped within a distance appropriate to the prevailing circumstances and conditions
In determining safe speed the following factors shall be among those taken into account (6)
- State of visibility
- The traffic density
- The maneuverability of the vessel with special reference to stopping distance and turning ability in the prevailing conditions
- At night, the presence of background light or back scatter of her lights
- The state of wind, sea, current, and proximity of navigational hazards
- The draft in relation to the available depth of water
Additional safe speed factors for vessels with operational radar (6)
- Characteristics, efficiency and limitation of radar equipment
- Constraints imposed by the radar range scale in use
- the effect on radar detection of the sea state, weather, and other sources of interference
- the possibility that small vessels, ice and other floating objects may not be detected by radar at an adequate range
- The number, location, and movement of vessels detected by radar
- the more exact assessment of the visibility that may be possible when the radar is used to determine the range of objects in the vicinity
Rule 7
Risk of Collision
Every vessel shall use all available means appropriate to the ___ to determine of risk of collision exists
Prevailing circumstances and conditions
If there is ___ such risk shall be deemed to exist
Any doubt
Proper use shall be made of radar equipment if fitted and operational to obtain ___
early warning of risk of collision and radar plotting or equivalent systematic observation of detected objects
Assumptions shall not be made on the basis of ___
Scanty information, especially scanty radar information
In determining if risk of collision exists the following considerations shall be taken into account (2)
- If the compass bearing of an approaching vessel does not appreciably change
- may still exist with appreciable bearing change is evident, particularly when approaching a very large vessel or a tow or when the approaching vessel is at close range
Rule 8
Action to Avoid Collision
Any action taken to avoid collision shall be taken in accordance with the Rules of this Part and shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, be ___
Positive, made in ample time and with due regard to the observance of good seamanship
Any alteration of course and/or speed to avoid collision shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, be ___
Large enough to be readily apparent to another vessel observing visually or by radar, a succession of small alterations should be avoided
If there is sufficient sea room, alteration of course alone may be the most effective action to avoid a close-quarters situation provided that it is ___
Made in good time, is substantial and does not result in another close-quarters situation
Action taken to avoid collision with another vessel shall be such as to result in passing at ___. The effectiveness of the action shall be carefully checked until ___
- A safe distance
- The other vessel is finally past and clear
If necessary to avoid collision or allow more time to assess the situation, a vessel shall ___
Slacken her speed or take all way off by stopping or reversing her means of propulsion
A vessel which, by any of these rules, is required not to impede the passage or safe passage of another vessel shall, when required by the circumstances of the case, take ___
Early action to allow sufficient sea room for the safe passage of the other vessel
A vessel required not to impede the passage or safe passage of another vessel is not relieved of this obligation if approaching the other vessel so as to involve risk of collision and shall, when taking action, have ___
Full regard to the action which may be required by the rules of this part
A vessel, the passage of which is not to be impeded remains fully obliged to comply with the rules of this part when the two vessels are approaching one another so as to ___
Involve risk of collision
Rule 9
Narrow Channels
A vessel proceeding along the course of a narrow channel or fairway shall ___
Keep as near to the outer limit of the channel or fairway which lies on her starboard side as is safe and practicable
A vessel of less than ___ or a ___ shall not impede the passage of a vessel which can safely navigate only within a narrow channel or fairway
- 20 meters in length
- Sailing vessel
A vessel ___ shall not impede the passage of any other vessel navigating within a narrow channel or fairway
Engaged in fishing
A vessel shall not cross a narrow channel or fairway if ___
Such a crossing impedes the passage of a vessel which can safely navigate only within such channel or fairway
In a narrow channel or fairway when overtaking can take place only if the vessel to be overtaken has to take action to permit safe passing, the vessel intending to overtake shall ___
Indicate her intention by sounding the appropriate signal in Rule 34(c)(i)
The vessel to be overtaken in the narrow channel shall, if in agreement, sound the appropriate signal prescribed in ___. If in doubt she may sound the signals prescribed in ___
Rule 34 (c)(ii) Rule 34 (d)
This Rule (9) does not relieve the overtaking vessel of her obligation under ___
Rule 13
A vessel nearing a bend or an area of a narrow channel or fairway where other vessels may be obscured by an intervening obstruction shall ___
Navigate with particular alertness and caution and shall sound the appropriate signal prescribed in Rule 34(e)
Any vessel shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, avoid ___ in a narrow channel
Anchoring
A power-driven vessel operating in narrow channels or fairways on the Great Lakes, Western Rivers, or waters specified by the Secretary and proceeding ___ shall have right of way over ___, shall propose ___, and shall ___
- Downbound with a following current
- Upbound vessel
- The manner and place of passage
- Initiate the maneuvering signals
The vessel proceeding upbound against the current shall ___
Hold as necessary to permit safe passing
Rule 10
Traffic Separation Schemes
A vessel using a traffic separation scheme shall ___ (3)
- Proceed in the appropriate traffic lane in the general direction of traffic flow
- So far as practicable keep clear a a traffic separation line or zone
- Normally join or leave at the termination of the lane, but when leaving or joining from either side, shall do so at as small an angle to traffic flow as possible
A vessel shall, so far as practicable, avoid crossing traffic lanes, but if obliged to do so shall cross on a heading ___
As nearly as practicable at right angles to the general direction of traffic flow
A vessel shall not use an inshore traffic zone when she can ___
Safely use the appropriate traffic lane within the adjacent traffic separation scheme
Vessels ___ may use the inshore traffic zone, or to ___
- Less than 20 meters in length, sailing vessels, and vessels engaged in fishing.
- Avoid immediate danger
A vessel may use an inshore traffic zone when ___
En route to or from a port, offshore installation or structure, pilot station or any other place situated within the inshore traffic zone, or to avoid immediate danger
A vessel other than a crossing vessel or a vessel joining or leaving a lane shall not normally enter a separation zone or cross a separation line except ___ (2)
- In cases of emergency to avoid immediate danger
- to engage in fishing within a separation zone
A vessel navigating in areas near the terminations of traffic separation schemes shall do so with ___
Particular caution
A vessel not using a traffic separation scheme shall ___
Avoid it by as wide a margin as is practicable
A vessel engaged in fishing shall not ___ following a traffic lane
Impede the passage of any vessel
A vessel of less than ___ shall not impede the safe passage of a power-driven vessel following a traffic lane
20 meters in length or a sailing vessel
A vessel ___ in a traffic separation scheme is exempted from complying with this rule (10) to the extent necessary to carry out the operation
Restricted in her ability to maneuver when engaged in the operation for the maintenance of safety of navigation
A vessel restricted in her ability to maneuver when engaged in an operation for the laying, servicing, or picking up of a submarine cable, within a traffic separation scheme, is ___
Exempted from complying with this rule to the extent necessary to carry out the operation
Rule 11
Application
Application (section II) (Int’l)
Rules in this section apply to vessels in sight of one another
Application (section II) (Inland)
Rules 11 through 18 apply to vessels in sight of one another
Rule 12
Sailing vessels
When two sailing vessels are approaching one another, so as to involve risk of collision, one of them shall keep out of the way of the other as follows ___ (3)
- When each has the wind on a different side, the vessel which has the wind on the port side shall keep out of the way of the other
- When both have the wind on the same side, the vessel which is to windward shall keep out of the way of the vessel which is to leeward
- If a vessel with the wind on the port side sees a vessel to windward and cannot determine with certainty whether the other vessel has the wind on the port or on the starboard side shall keep out of the way of the other
For the purposes of this Rule the windward side shall be deemed to be the side ___
Opposite to that on which the mainsail is carried or, in the case of a square-rigged vessel, the side opposite to that on which the largest fore-and-aft sail is carried
Rule 13
Overtaking
Any vessel overtaking any other shall ___
Keep out of the way of the vessel being overtaken
A vessel shall be deemed to be overtaking when coming up with another vessel from a direction ___
More than 22.5° abaft her beam, that at night she would only be able to see the sternlight but neither of her sidelights
When a vessel is in any doubt as to whether she is overtaking another, she shall ___
Assume that this is the case and act accordingly
Any subsequent alteration of the bearing between two vessels shall not ___
Make the overtaking vessel a crossing vessel within the meaning of these rules or relieve her of the duty of keeping clear of the overtaken vessel until she is finally past and clear
Rule 14
Head-on Situation
When two power-driven vessels are meeting on reciprocal or nearly reciprocal courses so as to involve risk of collision each shall ___
Alter her course to starboard so that each shall pass on the port side of the other
Head-on situation shall be deemed to exist when a vessel ___
Sees the other ahead or nearly ahead and by night she could see the masthead lights of the other in a line or nearly in a line and/or both sidelights and by day she observes the corresponding aspect of the other vessel
When a vessel is in any doubt as to whether a head-on situation exists she shall ___
Assume that it does exist and act accordingly
A power-driven vessel operating on the Great Lakes, Western Rivers, or waters specified by the Secretary, and proceeding ___ shall have the right of way over an ___ and shall ___
- Downbound with a following current
- Upbound vessel
- Propose the manner of passage, and shall initiate the maneuvering signals
Rule 15
Crossing Situation
When two power-driven vessels are crossing so as to involve risk of collision, the vessel which has the other on her own ___ shall keep out of the way and shall avoid crossing ahead of the other vessel
Starboard side
Rule 16
Action by Give-way Vessel
Every vessel which is directed to keep out of the way of another vessel shall, so far as possible ___
Take early and substantial action to keep well clear
Rule 17
Action by Stand-on Vessel
Where one of two vessels is to keep out of the way, the other shall ___
Keep her course and speed
The vessel keeping course and speed may ___ as soon as ___
- Take action to avoid collision by her maneuver alone
- It becomes apparent to her that the vessel required to keep out of the way is not taking appropriate action
When, from any cause, the vessel required to keep her course and speed finds herself so close that collision cannot be avoided by the action of the give-way vessel alone, she shall ___
Take such action as will best aid to avoid collision
A power-driven vessel which takes action in a crossing situation to avoid collision with another power-driven vessel shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, ___
Not alter course to port for a vessel on her own port side
Rule 17 does not relieve the give-way vessel of ___
Her obligation to keep out of the way
Rule 18
Responsibilities Between Vessels
Rule 18 applies, except where rules ___ otherwise require
9, 10, and 13
Vessel precedence
- Vessel not under command or Vessel restricted in her ability to maneuver
- Vessel constrained by draft
- Vessel engaged in fishing
- Sailing vessel
- Power-driven vessel
- Seaplane
- WIG craft taking off, landing, and in flight near the surface
Rule 19
Conduct of Vessels in Restricted Visibility
Rule 19 applies to ___
Vessels not in sight of one another when navigating in or near an area of restricted visibility
Rule 19. Every vessel shall proceed at a ___
Safe speed adapted to the prevailing circumstances and conditions of restricted visibility
Rule 19. A power-driven vessel shall have her engines ready for ___
Immediate maneuver
Every vessel shall have to regard to the ___ of restricted visibility when complying with the rules of Section I of this part (Int’l)
Prevailing circumstances and conditions
A vessel which detects by radar alone the presence of another vessel shall determine if ___
A close-quarters situation is developing and/or risk of collision exists
A vessel which detects by radar alone, determines that a risk of collision exists, the following shall be avoided (2)
- An alteration of course to port for a vessel forward of the beam, other than for a vessel being overtaken
- An alteration of course towards a vessel abeam or abaft the beam
Except where it has been determined that a risk of collision does not exist, every vessel which hears apparently forward of her beam the fog signal of another vessel, or which cannot avoid a close-quarters situation with another vessel forward of her beam, shall ___
Reduce her speed to the minimum at which she can be kept on course. She shall if necessary take all her way off and, in any event, navigate with extreme caution until danger of collision is over
Every vessel shall have to regard to the ___ of restricted visibility when complying with Rules 4 through 10 (Inland)
Prevailing circumstances and conditions
Part A
General
Part B
Steering and Sailing Rules
Part C
Lights and Shapes
Rule 20
Application