Navigation AIDS (VOR, NDB, DME)

Question 1

How does a VOR Work?

Answer 1

-2 phases: reference and variable phase
-Reference phase: Frequency is sent out
-Variable phase: Sweeping frequency

-Compares the two to get location

Question 2

VOR Errors

Answer 2

-Line of Sight (needs to be able to see aircraft)
-Cone of confusion (when flying over VOR)
-Service Volumes (Terminal, Low, High) (Legacy and New)

Question 3

DME

Answer 3

-Plane sends an integration signal
-DME sends a reply signal

-Measures location off of rate and time of signal

Question 4

DME Errors

Answer 4

-Slant range (needs to get altitude, not just horizontal)
-Line of sight (need to be able to be seen)
-199nm, 200 aircraft limit

Question 5

NBD/ADF

Answer 5

-NBD is the ground station and ADF is located on the plane
-2 loop signals are sent from the NBD
-Loop antenna picks out the 2 signals that could be the NBD
-Sensing antenna picks the strongers

Question 6

NBD Errors

Answer 6

-Thunderstorm effect (thunderstorms can cause faulty readings)
-Mountian effect
-Line of sight