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Navigation Flashcards

1
Q

Air Navigation definition

A

determine geographic position and maintain desired direction of an aircraft relative to the surface of the earth

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2
Q

position

A

geographic point defined by coordinates

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3
Q

latitude

A 
angular distance north or south of the equator
0= equator
0-90 degrees
curved on Lambert conformal chart.
latitude is measured along meridian
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4
Q

longitude

A

angular distance east or west of prime meridian
0 = meridian, 180 = international date line.
straight lines on Lambert conformal chart
longitude is measured along parallel lines

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5
Q

how many minutes in a degree

A

60 minutes in a degree

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6
Q

dead reckoning

A

directing an aircraft and determining its position by the application of direction and speed data from a previous position

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7
Q

dead reckoning components

A

PTSD

position, time, speed, direction

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8
Q

direction

A

angular distance from a reference. measured 001-360 degrees

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9
Q

primary instrument for determining direction

A

BDHI - bearing distance heading indicator (remote gyro vertical compass)

ring laser gyro highly accurate without lag

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10
Q

secondary or backup direction measurment instrument

A

stand by compass

wet compass, reliable (does not require eletricity) but is unstable during maneuvers

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11
Q

Time

A

00+00
00+00+00

00: 00
00: 00:00

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12
Q

ETE estimated time en route

A

expressed in hours : minutes

or hr + min

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13
Q

speed

A

distance / time

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14
Q

three primary instruments for dead reckoning

A

BDHI (direction and position)
clock (time)
airspeed indicator (IAS)

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15
Q

two secondary instruments

A

altimeter

outside air temp - OAT

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16
Q

what variables are used to convert IAS into TAS

A

altimeter and outside air temp

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17
Q

visual navigation

A

navigation by ground references (bld, river)

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18
Q

electronic navigation - and its 3 categories

A

use of electronic devices to determine position

1) receive signals from EXTERNAL SOURCES
GROUND STATIONS - VOR, TACAN
SPACE - GPS
2) IN BOARD signals - RADAR, DOPPLER

3) self contained - INERTIAL NAVIGATION SYSTEM (INS)
- requires pilot input of starting location

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19
Q

Type of electronic navigation which recieves input from space

A

GPS

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20
Q

Great Circle

A

circle formed by continuing arc inscribed by connecting the shortest distance between two points on a sphere.

circle which plane passes through the center of the earth

EX: every longitude, and the equator

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21
Q

Lambart conformal projections

A

conic projections

parallels - equally spaced concentric circles
meridians - straight lines converging at poles
great circle - plot as straight line
scale is constant

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22
Q

Operational Navigation Chart (ONC) - scale and properties

A

1:1,000,000
less detail, larger area
world wide coverage

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23
Q

Tactical Pilotage Chart (TPC) - scale and properties

A

1:500,000
more detail, smaller area
world wide coverage

24
Q

Course

A

aircrafts INTENDED flight path

25
Q

Heading

A

angular distance of the aircraft’s longitudinal axis from reference (TN or MN).

where HEAD of aircraft is pointing

26
Q

Track

A

aircrafts actual flight path over the ground

27
Q

variation

A

angular difference between true north and magnetic north

28
Q

isogonic line

A

connects points of equal variation

29
Q

East is Least, Best is West

A 
MC = TC - East variation
MC = TC + West variation
30
Q

degrees in 1 hr (time zone)

A

15 degrees / hr
1 hr = 15 degrees
(360 degrees / 24hr)

31
Q

Divider

A

measuring distance on a chart

32
Q

plotter

A

combination protractor and straightedge. used ot aid in drawing course lines and measuring direction

33
Q

when measuring distance, how long is 1 minute latitude?

A

1 NM = 1 min lat

34
Q

LA GS

A

when solving for pressure altitude, if measured pressure is less than standard (29.92) then add. if greater than standard subtract.

35
Q

nautical mile

A

one minute of arc measured along any great circle

36
Q

vector

A

possesses both direction and magnitude

37
Q

air vector

A

the aircraft’s direction and speed represented by True Heading (TH) and True Airspeed (TAS)

38
Q

ground vector

A

the aircraft’s intended or actual flight path (True Course or Track) and Ground Speed (GS)

39
Q

wind vector

A

winds direction TRUE (DIR) and Velocity (VEL)

40
Q

Drift angle

A

the difference between true heading and track

41
Q

crab angle

A

the amount of correction an aircraft must be turned into the wind in order to maintain the desired course.

42
Q

absolute altitude

A

actual height of aircraft above the surface of the earth (AKA AGL)

43
Q

Pressure altitude

A

CALIBRATED altitude corrected for difference between local atm P and standard 29.92
(LA GS)

44
Q

indicated altitude

A

reading on the aircraft altimeter when set to the local area barometric

45
Q

calibrated altitude

A

altitude corrected for instrument and installation error

46
Q

True altitude

A

actual height of the aircraft above MSL. Found by correcting calibrated altitude (CA) for density.

47
Q

temperature variation causes how much altimeter error?

A

11 C temperature change from standard causes 4% altimeter error

48
Q

Indicated airspeed

A

IAS - airspeed read directly from the aircraft airspeed indicator

49
Q

calibrated airspeed

A

Indicated airspeed corrected for instrument installation error.

50
Q

True airspeed

A

TAS is calibrated airpseed corrected for air denisty. Speed of aircraft through the air mass

51
Q

ground speed

A

actual speed of the aircraft relative to the ground. TAS corrected for head wind/tail wind.

52
Q

Gyro vertical compass card aka BDHI

-what is the point of the second needle represent?

A

MAGNETIC bearing to the TACAN in radials

53
Q

Gyro vertical compass card aka BDHI

-what is the tail of the second needle represent?

A

Current radial (i.e. radial from the station to aircraft)

54
Q

Gyro vertical compass card aka BDHI

-what does the top of the dial on a BDHI represent?

A

heading (where the nose of the aircraft is pointed)

55
Q

Gyro vertical compass card aka BDHI

-what is the DME?

A

technically the slant range, however we consider it the horizontal distance from the aircraft to the TACAN

56
Q

Jet log primary purpose

A

Fuel management

57
Q

course control vs turn point navigation

A

course control: adjust route to stay on track multiple times.

turn point: once off track, make single correction to return to a single point on track

Navigation (1 decks)

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