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Navigation Flashcards

1
Q

<p>Escarpment</p>

A

<p>large cliff face, long steep slope seperating areas of land</p>

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2
Q

<p>culvert</p>

A

<p>tunnel under road crossing</p>

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3
Q

<p>intermittent</p>

A

<p>relating to water areas on and off seasons</p>

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4
Q

<p>perenial</p>

A

<p>continual and long lasting all year</p>

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5
Q

<p>wind break</p>

A

<p>line of trees (a row)</p>

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6
Q

<p>levee</p>

A

<p>an embankment built to prevent overflow of a river</p>

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7
Q

<p>contours, sand</p>

A

<p>orange/brown</p>

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8
Q

<p>rivers, lakes, swamps</p>

A

<p>blue</p>

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9
Q

<p>vegetation</p>

A

<p>green</p>

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10
Q

<p>built up areas</p>

A

<p>red brown</p>

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11
Q

<p>artifical, railways, buildings</p>

A

<p>black</p>

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12
Q

<p>overprint, tactical, aero</p>

A

<p>purple</p>

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13
Q

<p>what to trust most when navigating?</p>

A

<p>natural non man made features</p>

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14
Q

<p>standing facing the rising sun</p>

A

<p>is east</p>

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15
Q

<p>Face the sun at midday and you are</p>

A

<p>facing south</p>

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16
Q

<p>Maps using lat/long are referenced to true north, the direction of north and south pole</p>

A

<p>tru</p>

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17
Q

<p>map using eastings and northings will reference</p>

A

<p>grid north to the grid system being used</p>

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18
Q

<p>Grid Magnetic Angle (Declination)</p>

A

<p>is difference between TN and MN either easterly or westerly (WA)</p>

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19
Q

<p>MGA (Magnet to Grid Add)</p>

A

<p>Easterly variations, compass to map. 0.60m + 10.8E = 071G)</p>

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20
Q

<p>GMS (Grid to Magnetic Subtract)</p>

A

<p>Easterly variations, map to compass. 145G - 10.8E = 134M</p>

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21
Q

<p>Take mills declination and divide by the number of years to now. Add that to the easterly/westerly.</p>

A

<p>true</p>

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22
Q

<p>Western Australia things to know</p>

A

<p>Westerly variation, MGS (Magnetic to Grid Subtract), GMA (Grid to Magnetic Add)</p>

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23
Q

<p>Universal Transverse Mercator Grid (UTM)</p>

A

<p>Covers all but polar regions of the world</p>

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24
Q

<p>1:25000 to 1: 100 000</p>

A

<p>intervals of 1000M</p>

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25
Q

<p>1: 250 000 to 1: 500 000</p>

A

<p>intervals of 10 000M</p>

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26
Q

<p>1:1 000 000</p>

A

<p>intervals of 100 000M</p>

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27
Q

<p>Eastings before northing</p>

A

<p>crawl before climb</p>

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28
Q

<p>4 figure grid ref accurate to</p>

A

<p>1000M</p>

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29
Q

<p>6 figure grid reference accurate to </p>

A

<p>100M</p>

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30
Q

<p>8 figure grid reference accurate to</p>

A

<p>10M (can only be given on map 1: 50 000 or larger)</p>

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31
Q

<p>when reading start at bottom left hand of square for easting</p>

A

<p>true</p>

32
Q

<p>when starting next, bottom line of square for northing</p>

A

<p>true</p>

33
Q

knoll

A

low detahced hill

34
Q

spur

A

a minor feature, generally in the form of a ridge running out from a main feature

35
Q

saddle

A

a depression in between two high features

36
Q

re-entrant

A

is a depression in between spurs

37
Q

spot height

A

generally used to indicate the crests of major and minor features

38
Q

steep slope

A

contours close together represent a steep slope

39
Q

gentle slope

A

contours far apart indicate a gentle slope

40
Q

convex slope

A

when the spacing of contours decreases, reading from high to low, the slope is convex.

41
Q

concave slope

A

when the spacing of contours increases, reading from high to low, the slope is concave.

42
Q

uniform slope

A

a uniform slope has contours which are evenly spaced. A uniform slope can be gentle or steep.

43
Q

Vertical distance is B - A

A

true

44
Q

Horizontal distance is distance between A and B

A

true

45
Q

Gradient is VD over HD = whatever = fraction.

A

true

46
Q

1:1 gradient is

A

very steep

47
Q

1:10 gradient is

A

not steep

48
Q

degree circle divided into

A

360 degrees

49
Q

1 degree =

A

60 minutes

50
Q

1 minute =

A

60 seconds

51
Q

mil system circle divided into 6400 mils

A

tru

52
Q

1 mil is 1m at 1000m

A

true

53
Q

converting from mils to degrees

A

mils x 0.05625

54
Q

convert from degrees to mils

A

degrees x 17.78

55
Q

protractor

A

use facing way of travel, facing right for o to 3200 and facing left for 3200 to 6400 (works like a clock face)

56
Q

Bearing

A

draw pencil line from A to B and make sure line extends past destination, make sure index mark is directly over A.

To use string place centre marker over A (not as accurate)

57
Q

Planning considerations vegeation

A

vegeation is usually less dense

58
Q

Planning considerations ridges

A

are a guide to direction

59
Q

Planning considerations observation

A

of landsmarks is often easier

60
Q

animals

A

often make tracks on ridges so the going may be easier than in valleys

61
Q

rivers

A

rivers often widing and border by vegeation. In rugged country following rivers is not recommended

62
Q

close country

A

is slow, plot straight course, avoid having to nav map to ground. Distances travelled usually over estimated. As visibility is limited, a small undulation may be mistaken for a significant spur. A straight route on compass bearing should be followed rather than nav from feature to feature

63
Q

Deciding route

A

light pencil on map and mentally traverse for any issues. Select bounds, no more than an hours march apart. Determine mag bearing, distance and estimated time between each leg. record on nav data sheet.

64
Q

Estimating distance

A

by pace and time

From a map only accurate if ground is flat.

Calculating: 1 - Determine the number of paces over 100M
Paces/100=120

2 - Determine how many 100M lengths in total distance.
We do this by divising the total distance by 100
300/100=3

3 - Multiply the result from step 2 by your number of paces per 100M
3x120=360 paces
Therefore 360 paces to destination

Good to have a chart

100M is 120paces etc

65
Q

Averages

A

Average soldier with equipment moves 5km/hr

66
Q

Non tac, day, open undulating

A

5km/hr

67
Q

Non tac, day, close flat country

A

3km/hr

68
Q

Non tac day, extreme rough terrain, sand or snow

A

1.5km/hr

69
Q

tac, day, open undulating

A

2km/hr

70
Q

tac, day, close flat country

A

1km/hr

71
Q

tac, night, open undulating

A

1km/hr

72
Q

tac, night, in close flat country

A

100-500m/hr

73
Q

Estimating time

A

1 - rate of movement = 5000m/hr

2 - We do this by dividing the distance by the rate of movement and multiplying by 60 to get the number of minutes

600/5000 x 60 = 7.2mins

Thereforefore 600m would take approx 7mins.

Alternate method is label -

5000m
60mins

74
Q

Conduct of nav

A

can check stars between stars at 250 mils to 500 mils at night (must check regularly as stars move every 20mins)

Aiming off to a more prominent feature a good way so you dont mis your feature

75
Q

Bypassing

A

plot 1600mils off and count paces. turn inwards and walk again till around feature. Then return 1600mils back and count paces. then continue on to destination.

76
Q

Tips

A

plot your course and detours dont just make it up

check compass regularley

locate each bound before proceeding to next one

allow for error in small features

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