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Airframe > NavComms > Flashcards

NavComms Flashcards

1
Q

What is the frequency range used for Aviation Navigation?

A

108 - 117.975 MHZ

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2
Q

What is the frequency range used for Aviation Communication?

A

118 - 136.975 MHZ

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3
Q

What frequency range is used for Aviation International Communication?

A

Up to 151.975 MHZ

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4
Q

What are the 3 types of carrier wave propagations?

A

Ground Waves
Sky Waves
Spaces Waves

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5
Q

What is the frequency range for Ground Waves?

A

3 KHz to 3 MHz

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6
Q

What is the frequency range for Sky Waves?

A

2 MHz to 25 MHz

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7
Q

What is the frequency range for Space Waves?

A

30 MHz and above

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8
Q

Which propagation wave does this describe?
-Follows the curvature of the earth
-Transmitter power determines the range
-Up to approx. 1000 miles is typical
-Surface conditions will affect range (mountainous
poor range, flat surface – best range)

A

Ground Waves

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9
Q

What propagation wave does this describe?
-Travels in straight lines from the source, but can reflect off the Ionosphere to travel further, this
reflection creates a “Skip Zone” where signal is not received.
-Atmospheric conditions determine range and frequencies affected

A

Sky Waves

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10
Q

What propagation wave does this describe?
- Line of sight only
- Due to their high frequencies, they will not be reflected by the Ionosphere, but mountains, buildings, etc. will Block the signal.

A

Space Waves

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11
Q

What is an antenna?

A

A conductor that radiates the energy from the transmitter into the atmosphere. It also can be used to receive passing electromagnetic waves from the atmosphere.

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12
Q

What are the 3 basic types of antennas?

A

Marconi Monopole
Hertz Dipole
Dummy

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13
Q

What type of antenna does this describe?
-Typically, a vertical metallic rod, approx ¼ wavelength in length.
-Must have a ground plane.
-Or may be horizontal, which may be referred to as a Long Wire type

A

Marconi Monopole

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14
Q

When an aircraft antenna installation is
required to be grounded, where is it grounded to?

A

It is grounded to the airframe structure.

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15
Q

An ADF system uses what two antennas?

A

A loop antenna and a sense antenna.

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16
Q

The transmission lines must be:
(In regards to length)

A

Kept as short and direct as possible.

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17
Q

When bending coaxial cable, the bend radius should be at least ___ times the diameter of the cable.

A

6

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18
Q

When installing coaxial cable, secure the cable firmly along its entire length at intervals of:

A

approximately every two feet

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19
Q

What are waveguides used for?

A

Used in the higher frequency ranges (UHF +), to direct signal energy to the
antenna in Radar systems.

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20
Q

Waveguides are often filled with what to prevent moisture from accumulating and forming oxidation on the inner surfaces?

A

Nitrogen gas

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21
Q

What does a transmitter-microphone do?

A

Converts sound energy (mechanical–pressure waves) into varying electrical energy

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22
Q

What are the 2 basic types of transmitter-microphones?

A

Dynamic
&
Electret

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23
Q

What is a variable capacitor with a permanently polarized dielectric between 2 moveable plates, known as?

A

Electret Microphone
(most common used in Aviation)

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24
Q

FCC no longer requires individual operator licenses to operate airborne radio equipment.
However, an FCC radio station license is required to be what?

A

Plainly displayed in the aircraft if it is to be operated outside of the US.

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25
Q

Where is the VHF Comm antenna typically located?

A

On top or bottom of the fuselage

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26
Q

What does ACARS stand for?

A

ARINC Communication Addressing and Reporting System

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27
Q

What does ARINC stand for?

A

Aeronautical Radio Inc

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28
Q

AUTOMATIC DIRECTION FINDER (ADF) USES INPUTS FROM WHAT TWO DIFFERENT
ANTENNAS?

A

LOOP & SENSE

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29
Q

RMI IS USED TO SHOW WHAT?

A

THE MAGNETIC BEARING OF TWO RADIO STATIONS ON ONE INDICATOR

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30
Q

ON A PHASE COMPARISON SYSTEM - NORTH IS ______
SOUTH IS ________

A

North is in phase
South is 180° out of phase

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31
Q

THE LINES DRAWN FROM THE VOR STATION ARE CALLED WHAT?

A

RADIALS

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32
Q

WHAT ARE THE 3 TYPES OF VOR ANTENNAS?

A

WHISKER TYPE
TOWELL BAR TYPE
BLADE TYPE

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33
Q

What does the Instrument Landing System (ILS) do?

A

GUIDES THE AIRCRAFT DOWN A SPECIFIC COURSE FOR SMOOTH CONSISTENT LANDINGS.

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34
Q

What frequency range does the Localizer work in?

A

108 - 112MHz

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35
Q

What frequency range does the Glideslope work in?

A

329 - 335 MHz

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36
Q

What frequency do the Marker Beacons work on?

A

75MHz

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37
Q

What does the Localizer do?

A

DIRECTS THE PILOT ALONG THE CENTER LINE OF THE RUNWAY.
(PROVIDES HORIZONTAL GUIDANCE/DISTANCE)

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38
Q

WHAT SYSTEM SHARES THE RECEIVER & ANTENNA OF THE VOR?

A

Localizer

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39
Q

What does the Glideslope do?

A

PROVIDES CORRECT ANGLE OF DESCENT DOWN TO THE RUNWAY.
(PROVIDES VERTICAL GUIDANCE)

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40
Q

WHAT IS AUTOMATICALLY RECEIVED WHEN THE LOCALIZER IS TUNED IN ON VOR?

A

Glideslope

41
Q

What do Marker Beacons do?

A

INFORMS THE PILOT HOW FAR FROM THE END OF THE RUNWAY THE AIRCRAFT IS

42
Q

What is the distance, color, and frequency of the Outer Marker Beacon?

A

ABOUT 4 - 7 MILES OUT
BLUE LIGHT
SERIES OF 400 HZ DASHES (- - - - - -)

43
Q

What is the distance, color, and frequency of the Middle Marker Beacon?

A

ABOUT 3,500 FEET FROM RUNWAY
AMBER LIGHT
1300 HZ TONE OF DOTS & DASHES ( . - . - . - . )

44
Q

What is the distance, color, and frequency of the Inner Marker Beacon?

A

ABOUT 1800 FEET FROM RUNWAY
WHITE LIGHT
3,000 HZ TONE SERIES OF DOTS ( . . . . . . )

45
Q

WHAT DO MANY DME UNITS GIVE INSTEAD OF A TRUE HORIZONTAL GROUND DISTANCE?

A

Slant Range

46
Q

WHY MUST GROUND STATIONS DELAY THE REPLY SIGNAL FOR 50 MICROSECONDS?

A

TO ALLOW FOR CLOSE RANGE OPERATIONS

47
Q

HOW IS GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM (GPS) NAVIGATION ACCOMPLISHED?

A

THROUGH THE USE OF NAVSTAR SATELLITES MAINTAINED BY THE US GOVERNMENT

48
Q

GPS CAN BE USED ON ITS OWN OR IT CAN BE INTEGRATED INTO OTHER NAVIGATION SYSTEMS LIKE:

A

VOR/RNAV, IRS OR FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

49
Q

WHAT ARE 3 ELEMENTS OF THE GPS SYSTEM

A

SPACE SEGMENT (SATELLITES)
CONTROL SEGMENT
USER SEGMENT

50
Q

THE SPACE SEGMENT CONSISTS OF HOW MANY SATELLITES?

A

24 SATELLITES (21 ACTIVE AND 3 SPARES)

51
Q

What do LAAS and WAAS do?

A

ALLOW FOR PRECISE CIVIL GPS BASED APPROACH AND LANDING SYSTEMS (AVSAT)

52
Q

WHY WAS THE WIDE AREA AUGMENTATION SYSTEM (WAAS) DEVELOPED?

A

TO INCREASE THE ACCURACY OF GPS

53
Q

What does a WAAS require?

A

A WAAS ENABLED GPS RECEIVER

54
Q

What does WAAS reduce?

A

REDUCES POSITION ERRORS TO 1-3 METERS BOTH LATERALLY AND VERTICALLY

55
Q

WAAS CONSISTS OF ____ PRECISELY SURVEYED GROUND STATIONS.

A

25

56
Q

How does an ATC Transponder work?

A

IT TRANSMITS TWO SETS OF “INTERROGATION” PULSES OF UHF ENERGY (1030 MHz ) INTO THE ATMOSPHERE FROM THE GROUND STATION USING A SECONDARY SURVEILLANCE RADAR SYSTEM

57
Q

IF THE INTERROGATION SIGNAL SENT FROM AN ATC TRANSPONDER IS RECEIVED BY AN AIRCRAFT, WHAT HAPPENS NEXT?

A

A “REPLY” SIGNAL IS AUTOMATICALLY RETURNED TO THE STATION ON 1090 MHz

58
Q

What allows the pilot to confirm operation of the ATC Transponder?

A

A REPLY LIGHT WILL BE VISIBLE ON THE PANEL

59
Q

What does Mode A display?

A

THE PILOT SELECTED I.D. CODE

60
Q

What does Mode C display?

A

THE I.D. CODE AND PRESSURE ALTITUDE OF THE AIRCRAFT IN INCREMENTS OF 100FT. (CAN ALSO USE OUTPUT FROM ENCODING ALTIMETER)

61
Q

What is used with Mode S?

A

USED WITH TCAS SYSTEMS FOR AIRBORNE BASED COLLISION PREVENTION

62
Q

What does the IDENT button do?

A

IT’S ACTIVATED BY THE PILOT AND “HIGHLIGHTS” THE MARKER REPRESENTING THE AIRCRAFT’S IDENTIFICATION ON ATC’S DISPLAY

63
Q

What are the 5 ATC transponder codes to be aware of?

A

0001 = NUCLEAR ATTACK.
1200 = VFR FLIGHT.
7500 = HIJACK.
7600 = LOST COM.
7700 = EMERGENCY

64
Q

FAR 91.413 REQUIRES AN ATC TRANSPONDER BE TESTED EVERY ____
CALENDAR MONTHS.

A

24

65
Q

What FAR gives the procedures for testing an ATC Transponder?

A

FAR 43, APPENDIX F

66
Q

What does TCAS stand for and what does it do?

A

TRAFFIC ALERT COLLISION AVOIDANCE SYSTEM.
MONITORS THE AIRCRAFT’S SURROUNDING AIRSPACE & WARNS OF AN IMPENDING MID-AIR COLLISION.

67
Q

What is a Radar Altimeter?

A

AN AIRBORNE FREQUENCY-MODULATED CONTINUOUS WAVE INSTRUMENT USED TO MEASURE ALTITUDE ABOVE TERRAIN

68
Q

What is the range of a Radar Altimeter?

A

0 TO 2,500 FEET.

69
Q

What frequency range does the Radar Altimeter work in?

A

4250 – 4350 MHz

70
Q

How does a Radar Altimeter work?

A

A SIGNAL LEAVES THE AIRCRAFT AND BOUNCES OFF THE GROUND AND RETURNS. THE TIME DIFFERENCE DETERMINES DISTANCE.
(WATER AND HEAVILY FOLIATED AREAS WEAKEN THE RETURN SIGNAL)

71
Q

WHAT IS THE CAUSE OF A MAJORITY OF AVIATION ACCIDENTS?

A

“CONTROLLED FLIGHT INTO TERRAIN”

72
Q

WHAT SYSTEM IS TIED INTO FLAPS, LANDING GEAR, RADAR ALTIMETER, ETC?

A

GPWS

73
Q

What is an Emergency Locator Transmitter (ELT)?

A

A SELF-CONTAINED RADIO TRANSMITTER THAT AUTOMATICALLY BEGINS TRANSMITTING DUE TO A SEVERE IMPACT PARALLEL TO THE LONGITUDINAL AXIS.

74
Q

What frequencies do the TSO C91 and C91a ELTs transmit on?

A

TSO C91 - 121.5 MHz
C91a - 243 MHz

(A way to remember these numbers: 121.5 x 2 = 243)

75
Q

What is the transmission signal wattage and distance for the C91 and C91a ELTs?

A

.75 Watts with an approximate range of up to a 100 mile radius

76
Q

What is the most up-to-date version of the ELT?

A

TSO C126

77
Q

What frequency does the TSO C126 ELT work on?

A

406.025 MHz

78
Q

What is the wattage of the transmission signal from a TSO C126 ELT?

A

5 Watts

79
Q

WHERE IS THE PREFERRED LOCATION OF THE EMERGENCY TRANSMITTER?

A

AS FAR AFT AS PRACTICAL, BUT FORWARD OF VERTICAL FIN

80
Q

121.5 MHZ ELT BATTERIES MUST BE CAPABLE OF FURNISHING POWER FOR SIGNAL TRANSMISSION FOR AT LEAST __________

A

48-50 HOURS

81
Q

ELT BATTERIES MUST BE REPLACED WHEN ____% OF THEIR USEFUL LIFE OR WHEN THE TRANSMITTER HAS BEEN IN USE FOR MORE THAN __ ________ ______ AS ESTABLISHED BY THE MANUFACTURER (FAR 91.207c)

A

50% of their useful life or more than 1 cumulative hour

82
Q

How long does the Flight Data Recorder (FDR) continuously record at least 88 channels of flight related parameters?

A

25 HOURS

83
Q

What is the primary purpose of the autopilot system?

A

TO RELIEVE THE PILOT OF CONTROL OF THE AIRCRAFT DURING LONG PERIODS OF FLIGHT.

84
Q

What are the 4 basic systems of autopilot?

A

SENSING ELEMENTS (error sensing)
COMPUTING ELEMENTS (correction)
OUTPUT ELEMENTS (follow-up)
COMMAND ELEMENTS

85
Q

What is the function of the Sensing Elements?

A

DETECTS WHEN THE AIRCRAFT IS NOT IN THE CONDITION REQUESTED.
SENSED BY GYROS FOR ATTITUDE AND HEADING.

86
Q

When an error is sensed during autopilot, a correction is needed. What performs this correction?

A

A servo

87
Q

What are 3 ways that servos can be operated?

A

Hydraulic
Electric
Both

88
Q

What is the purpose of the Output Elements?

A

STOPS THE CONTROL SURFACE MOVEMENT WHEN THE SURFACE HAS DEFLECTED THE PROPER AMOUNT

89
Q

What are the 2 basic types of Output Elements?

A

RATE
&
DISPLACEMENT

90
Q

RATE =

A

AMOUNT OF TIME

91
Q

DISPLACEMENT =

A

HOW FAR

92
Q

What are the 3 channels of the autopilot system?

A

Aileron
Rudder
Elevator

93
Q

What should be done before engaging the autopilot?

A

ALLOW THE GYROS TO COME UP TO SPEED AND THE AMPLIFIER TO WARM UP

94
Q

What does the Flight Management Computer do?

A

MONITORS FLIGHT PARAMETERS AND PERFORMS AUTOPILOT FUNCTIONS

95
Q

What is a Dutch roll?

A

A COMBINATION YAWING & ROLLING OSCILLATION THAT AFFECTS MANY SWEPTWING AIRCRAFT

96
Q

How is a Dutch Roll counteracted?

A

A Yaw Damper system

97
Q

What is the formula to compute the load of an antenna?

A

DRAG=.000327 X FRONTAL AREA (Sq. Ft) X VNE2

(VNE = Never Exceed Speed)

98
Q

WHY IS A GASKET OR SEALANT NORMALLY INSTALLED BETWEEN THE ANTENNA AND THE AIRCRAFT SKIN?

A

TO PREVENT THE ENTRY OF MOISTURE INTO THE AIRCRAFT FUSELAGE

Airframe (7 decks)

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