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NAV 6 > NAV 6 Prelim > Flashcards

NAV 6 Prelim Flashcards

1
Q

– stands for Electronic Chart Display and Information System
– a computer-based navigation system that displays electronic nautical charts and provides
essential navigational information
– essentially a digital navigation tool used on ships to replace traditional paper charts

A

ECDIS

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2
Q

Advantages of ECDIS over Paper Charts

A

● Accuracy
● Efficiency
● Additional Information
● Safety

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3
Q

Electronic charts are updated more frequently and are generally more accurate than paper charts

A

Accuracy

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4
Q

Route planning navigation are faster and easier with ECDIS

A

Efficiency

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5
Q

ECDIS can display information from various sources, such as weather data, tidal information, and AIS (Automatic Identification System) data

A

Additional Information

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6
Q

ECDIS offers enhanced safety features like collision avoidance and grounding alarms

A

Safety

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7
Q

– digital representations of nautical charts, standardized in content, structure, and format
– also known as vector charts
– datasets to support all types of nautical navigation
– large commercial vessels originally adopted them for the sake of SOLAS compliance, efficiency, and safety benefits

A

Electronic Navigational Charts (ENCs)

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8
Q

describe the characteristics of an object

A

Attributes

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9
Q

define how objects are connected

A

Relationships

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10
Q

Key Data Layers

A

● Bathymetry Layer
● Topography Layer
● Navigation Aids Layer
● Hydrography Layer
● Obstacles Layer
● Other Layers

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11
Q

– depicts underwater depths, contours, and seabed topography
– includes sounding data, depth curves, and seabed features like canyons and ridges

A

Bathymetry Layer

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12
Q

represents land features, including coastlines, islands, elevations, and terrain characteristics

A

Topography Layer

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13
Q

displays aids to navigation such as buoys, lighthouses, beacons, and radio navigation systems

A

Navigation Aids Layer

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14
Q

provides information about water-related features like currents, tides, and water
depths near the coast

A

Hydrography Layer

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15
Q

indicates hazards to navigation, including wrecks, obstructions, and underwater
dangers

A

Obstacles Layer

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16
Q

additional layers may include maritime boundaries, port facilities, and environmental information

A

Other Layers

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17
Q

Sources of Data Inaccuracy

A

● Survey Methods
● Generalization
● Data Age
● Human Error

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18
Q

Variations in survey techniques and equipment can affect data precision

A

Survey Methods

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19
Q

Simplifying complex features for chart representation can introduce errors

A

Generalization

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20
Q

Changes in seabed topography, coastline, and navigation aids over time can render data outdated

A

Data Age

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21
Q

Mistakes in data collection, processing, or encoding can lead to inaccuracies

A

Human Error

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22
Q

Mitigating Data Risks

A

● ENC Quality Control
● User Verification
● Safety Margin
● Regular Updates

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23
Q

Hydrographic offices implement rigorous quality control measures to ensure data accuracy

A

ENC Quality Control

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24
Q

Mariners should always cross-reference ENC data with other available information (radar, visual observations, nautical publications)

A

User Verification

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25
Q

Maintain a safe distance from charted dangers and exercise caution in areas with uncertain data

A

Safety Margin

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26
Q

Stay informed about ENC updates and corrections to minimize data discrepancies

A

Regular Updates

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27
Q

– the algorithms that determine which chart information is displayed at specific scales
– essential for preventing chart clutter and ensuring optimal readability
– based on the S-57 ENC standard and IHO Presentation Library

A

Presentation Rules

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28
Q

Types of Presentation Rules

A

● Scale-Dependent Rules
● User-Defined Rules
● Priority-Based Rules

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29
Q

automatically adjust chart display based on the current scale

A

Scale-Dependent Rules

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30
Q

allow mariners to customize chart display based on their preferences and operational requirements

A

User-Defined Rules

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31
Q

assign priorities to different chart objects, ensuring critical information is always
displayed

A

Priority-Based Rules

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32
Q

Display Options & Other Data Chart Formats

A

● Overlay Function
● Split Screen Mode
● Zoom Function
● Rotation Function
● User-Defined Views

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33
Q

combine multiple data layers for comprehensive situational awareness

A

Overlay Function

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34
Q

view different chart areas or data types simultaneously

A

Split Screen Mode

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35
Q

adjust chart scale to focus on specific areas of interest

A

Zoom Function

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36
Q

align the chart with the vessel’s heading for enhanced orientation

A

Rotation Function

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37
Q

create custom display layouts for specific tasks or preferences

A

User-Defined Views

38
Q

create custom display layouts for specific tasks or preferences

A

User-Defined Views

39
Q

– simply an electronic image of a paper chart
– digitized by scanning the paper chart and converting each line to a raster picture element or “pixel”
– beyond geo-referencing (positioning the scanned chart so that it appears in the right location with correct x and y coordinates), there is no intelligence or extra data in the image

A

Raster Charts

40
Q

“smart charts”, which means the user can click on different features, such as a light or buoy, to retrieve additional information not available in paper or raster charts

A

Vector Charts

41
Q

– a directive adopted by the Maritime Safety Committee (MSC) of the IMO, outlining the performance standards for ECDIS
– these standards ensure that all ECDIS equipment meets specific requirements for functionality, accuracy, and reliability, providing a consistent framework for maritime navigation systems worldwide

A

Resolution MSC.530(106)

42
Q

ECDIS must be capable of displaying Electronic Navigational Charts (ENCs) and, where necessary, Raster Navigational Charts (RNCs). The system should present chart data clearly and accurately, facilitating effective route planning and monitoring.

A

Chart Display Requirements

43
Q

To ensure navigational safety, ECDIS must support the automatic updating of chart
data. This includes integrating updates from authorized hydrographic offices, ensuring that navigators have the most current information at their fingertips.

A

Automatic Updating

44
Q

ECDIS must provide robust tools for route planning and monitoring. This includes
functionalities for setting and modifying routes, detecting and alerting to potential hazards, and continuously monitoring the vessel’s position relative to the planned route.

A

Route Planning & Monitoring

45
Q

The system should offer an intuitive user interface, making it easy for navigators to access and interpret information. Additionally, ECDIS must have a comprehensive alert system to warn of navigational dangers, system malfunctions, or deviations from planned routes.

A

User Interface Alerts

46
Q

To enhance reliability, ECDIS must be supported by adequate backup arrangements.
This ensures that, in the event of a system failure, navigators can continue to access essential chart information and maintain situational awareness.

A

Backup Arrangements

47
Q

ECDIS should have capabilities for recording and storing navigational data, which can be vital for post-voyage analysis and in the event of an incident investigation.

A

Data Recording

48
Q

Benefits of Complying with RESOLUTION MSC.530(106)

A

● Enhanced Safety
● Regulatory Compliance
● Operational Efficiency
● Competitive Advantage

49
Q

Complying with MSC.530(106) ensures that ships are equipped with the most advanced navigational technology, significantly enhancing maritime safety

A

Enhanced Safety

50
Q

Meeting the IMO’s performance standards is mandatory for SOLAS (Safety of Life at
Sea) vessels

A

Regulatory Compliance

51
Q

Advanced ECDIS systems facilitate efficient route planning and navigation, leading to optimized fuel consumption and reduced operational costs. The ability to update charts automatically and access real-time navigational data further streamlines operations.

A

Operational Efficiency

52
Q

Vessels equipped with ECDIS that meet the latest standards are more attractive to
charterers and clients. Demonstrating a commitment to safety and compliance can provide a competitive edge in the maritime industry.

A

Competitive Advantage

53
Q

Dangers of Over-Reliance on an ECDIS to the Safety of Navigation

A

● Loss of Situational Awareness
● System Failures
● Data Inaccuracies
● Human Error

54
Q

Focusing solely on the screen can hinder visual lookout

A

Loss of Situational Awareness

55
Q

Equipment malfunctions can lead to critical information loss

A

System Failures

56
Q

Outdated or incorrect chart data can result in misjudgment

A

Data Inaccuracies

57
Q

Misinterpretation of ECDIS information can lead to mistakes

A

Human Error

58
Q

Main Formats in ECDIS

A

● Vector Charts
● Raster Charts

59
Q

Display Modes in ECDIS

A

Base Display
Standard Display
All Other Display

60
Q

permanently retained on the ECDIS display

A

Base Display

61
Q

Base Display consists of

A

○ Coastline (high water)
○ Own ship’s safety contour, to be selected by the mariner
○ Indication of isolated underwater dangers at depths of less than the safety contour which lie within the safe waters defined by the safety contour
○ Indication of isolated dangers which lie within the safe waters defined by the safety contour such as : bridges, overhead wires, etc., including buoys and beacons, whether these are being used as aids to navigation
○ Traffic routeing systems
○ Scale, range, orientation and display mode
○ Units of depth and height

62
Q

to be displayed when the chart is first displayed by ECDIS

A

Standard Display

63
Q

Standard Display consists of

A

○ Display Base
○ Drying line
○ Indication of fixed and floating aids to navigation
○ Boundaries of fairways, channels, etc.
○ Visual and radar conspicuous feature
○ Prohibited and restricted areas
○ Chart scale boundaries
○ Indication of cautionary notes

64
Q

all other information, displayed individually on demand

A

All Other Display

65
Q

Elements in Route Planning & Monitoring

A

○ planned route lines
○ waypoints
○ cross-track error limits
○ and safety corridors

66
Q

Elements in Weather & Environmental Data

A

○ wind direction & speed
○ wave height
○ currents
○ other meteorological & oceanographic data

67
Q

Elements in User Charts & Annotations

A

○ user-defined symbols
○ text annotations
○ custom areas or lines

68
Q

Elements in Overlays

A

○ radar images
○ AIS targets
○ safety zones
○ other data overlays

69
Q

Chart Orientations

A

● North Up
● Course Up
● Head Up

70
Q

– chart is oriented with true north at the top of the display
– the traditional orientation used on paper charts
– often preferred for general navigation and planning

A

North Up

71
Q

– chart is oriented with the ship’s intended course at the top of the display
– useful when following a planned route, as it aligns the chart with the course line, helping mariners to stay on track

A

Course Up

72
Q

– chart is oriented with the ship’s current heading at the top of the display
– often used in close quarters, like in harbors or when maneuvering in confined waters, where the mariner needs to quickly interpret what lies ahead of the vessel

A

Head Up

73
Q

– the scale according to which the chart information meets the IHO requirements for chart accuracy
– established by the producing Hydrographic Office and encoded in the ENC
– in ECDIS, this scale is critical because it defines the accuracy and detail of the chart data
– the scale at which the chart data was originally created or digitized

A

Compilation Scale

74
Q

refers to the categorization of electronic navigational charts (ENCs) based on their scale and intended use

A

Navigational Purpose/Band in ECDIS

75
Q

Basic Steps of Route Planning (accd. to ppt)

A
  1. Preparation
  2. Planning the Route
  3. Optimization
  4. Safety Check
  5. Finalizing the Route
  6. Review & Update
  7. Documentation
76
Q

Basic Steps of Route Planning (accd. to sir)

A
  1. Appraisal
  2. Planning
  3. Execution
  4. Monitoring
77
Q

Common Alarms in ECDIS

A

● Cross Track Error (XTE) Alarm
● Proximity to Hazards Alarm
● Anchor Drag Alarm
● Safety Contour Alarm
● AIS Target Closest Point of Approach (CPA) Alarm

78
Q

alerts the crew when the vessel deviates beyond a set distance from the planned track

A

Cross Track Error (XTE) Alarm

79
Q

ensures the vessel remains within a safe corridor, minimizing the risk of encountering hazards

A

Cross Track Error (XTE) Alarm

80
Q

triggers when the vessel is getting too close to identified hazards such as shallow waters, rocks, or wrecks

A

Proximity to Hazards Alarm

81
Q

provides early warning to avoid groundings or collisions with underwater obstacles

A

Proximity to Hazards Alarm

82
Q

activates if the vessel moves outside a predefined radius while at anchor

A

Anchor Drag Alarm

83
Q

helps prevent unintended drifting which could lead to collisions or groundings

A

Anchor Drag Alarm

84
Q

warns when the vessel is crossing a safety contour that indicates a change in depth

A

Safety Contour Alarm

85
Q

prevents the vessel from entering areas that are too shallow, reducing the risk of grounding

A

Safety Contour Alarm

86
Q

triggers when another vessel is predicted to come within a certain distance

A

AIS Target Closest Point of Approach (CPA) Alarm

87
Q

provides time to take evasive action to prevent collisions

A

AIS Target Closest Point of Approach (CPA) Alarm

88
Q

the most important parameter of all the safety settings for the display of unsafe water areas, detecting isolated dangers and triggering anti-grounding alarms

A

Safety Contour

89
Q

an outline which marks the division between safe and unsafe waters

A

Safety Contour

90
Q

its sole purpose is to portray spot soundings either in gray for deeper depths or black for shallower depths compared to the safety depth value entered by the navigating officer thereby highlighting the potentially safe and unsafe areas

A

Safety Depth

91
Q

What is the default safety contour on ECDIS as per IMO Resolution MSC.530(106) Performance Standards?

A

30 m

NAV 6 (4 decks)

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