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1
Q

Standard ICAO model for “moder jord”

A

WGS 84
World Geodetic system 1984

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2
Q

WGS 84

A

Standard ICAO model for “moder jord”
World Geodetic system 1984

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3
Q

Cardinal headings

A

North, South, East and West

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4
Q

Intercardinal headings

A

North-east, North-west, South-east, South-west

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5
Q

Distance between the Equator and either pole

A

10.000 km

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6
Q

Circumference of the earth in km and NM

A

40.000km and 21.600 NM

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7
Q

The shape of the earth

A

Oblate Spheroid - a sphere which is slightly flattened at its poles.

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8
Q

1 NM =

A

1 bueminut

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9
Q

Direction skrives altid i x decimaler?
Undtagelsen?

A

3 decimaler, med undtagelse af RWY direction (Mag)

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10
Q

Hvordan regnes reciprocal directions?

A

Mindre end 180 C = +200 -20
Mere end 180 C = -200 + 20

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11
Q

Reciprocal direction of 135 C

A

135+200 = 335
335-20 = 315 C

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12
Q

Reciprocal direction of 017 C

A

017+200 = 217
217-20 = 197 C

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13
Q

Reciprocal direction of 195 C

A

195-200 = -005
-005+20 = 015 C

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14
Q

Reciprocal direction of 255 C

A

255-200 = 055
055+20 = 075 C

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15
Q

The Great Circle

A

A circle on the surface of the earth whose centre and radius are those of the earth itself.

En cirkel hvis plan går gennem jordens centrum og deler jorden i 2 lige store dele.

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16
Q

Equator

A

The Great Circle whose plane is at 90 C to the axis of rotation of the earth.

Den storcirkel, hvis plan går gennem jordens centrum og står vinkelret på jordens rotaionsakse.

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17
Q

Parallels of latitude

A

A small circles on the surface of the earth, whose planes are parallel to the equator.

Cirkler på jordens overflade, hvis plan er parallel med ækvators.

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18
Q

Hvad indikerer parallels of latitude?

A

En position nord eller syd for ækvator.

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19
Q

Latitude

A

The latitude of any point is the arc measured along the meridian through the point from the equator to the point.

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20
Q

How is latitude expressed?

A

In degrees, minutes and seconds and annotated N or S.

Eg. 56*17’51” N or 561751N

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21
Q

Meridians

A

Semi-Great circles joining the south and north poles.

Every Great Circle passing through the poles forms a meridian and its anti-meridian.

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22
Q

Prime Meridian

A

The meridian passing through Greenwich.
It’s the reference point for the 0 degree line of the longitude.

All points on the meridian will have the fixed value of 0 degrees E.

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23
Q

The meridian passing through Greenwich

A

Prime Meridian

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24
Q

Small circle

A

A circle on the surface of the earth whose centre and radius are not those of the earth.

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25
Q

Longitude

A

The longitude of any point is the shorter distance in the arc along the equator, between the Prime meridian and the meridian through the point.
Annotated E or W

eg. 009*07’29” E or 0090729E

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26
Q

Graticule

A

Latitude+Longitude

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27
Q

Null Island

A

Where the equator and prime meridian cross (0 degrees N, 0 degrees E)

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28
Q

Decimal minutter til grader

A

For at få i grader /60
(fjern 0, før)

fx. 45 grader, 12’ = 12/60 = 0,2
derfor 45,2 grader

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29
Q

60 grader og 15’ til grader

A

15/60 = 0,25

derfor 60,25 grader

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30
Q

45,2 grader til decimal minutter

A

0,2*60 = 12
derfor 45 grader og 12’

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31
Q

Sekunder til decimalminutter

A

Decimal sek. = 0,x *60

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32
Q

Grader til decimal min.

A

For at få i decimal min. *60

fx. 60,25 grader = 0,25*60 = 15
derfor 60 grader, 15’

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33
Q

Sekunder til decimal min.

A

/60

fx. 32’15’’ = 15/60 = 0,25
derfor 32,25’

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34
Q

Decimal min. til sekunder

A

0,xx60
fx. 64,25’ = 0,2560 = 15
derfor 64’15”

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35
Q

Regneregler for udregning af difference in longitude

A

W-W fx. (100W - 80W = 20)

E+W fx. (020E+010W = 30)

Hvis de to gradetal giver mere end 180 fratrækkes 360 fra det totale , fordi vi er interesseret i at finde den korteste afstand, trækker vi 360 fra.

fx. (163E+152W)-360 = 45 grader

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36
Q

Rhumb Line

A

A regularly curved line on the surface of the earth which cuts all meridians at the same angle.

(A line of constant direction, konstant track)

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37
Q

Is Equator a Great circle?

A

Yes

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38
Q

1 IN in cm

A

2,54 cm

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39
Q

1SM in m

40
Q

1NM in m

41
Q

1 NM in SM

42
Q

1 m in ft

43
Q

One minute of latitude

44
Q

Er vindretning altid true (T)?

45
Q

Variation

A

Is the angle between True and Magnetic North and is measured in degrees East or West from True North.

46
Q

Agonic line

A

A line of connecting points of zero variation.

47
Q

What is the maximum value of variation?

A

180 degrees. It will only occur at the poles.

48
Q

Deviation

A

Is the angle measured at a point between the direction indicated by a compass needle and the direction of magnetic north.

49
Q

Variation West

A

Magnetic best

Hvis variationen er West vil den magnetiske heading være størst. Derfor skal variationen pludses til True heading for at give Magnetic heading.

49
Q

Variation East

A

Magnetic Least

Hvis variationen er East vil den True heading være størst og variationen skal derfor trækkes fra den True heading for at give den magnetiske heading.

50
Q

Isogonal

A

A line on the surface of the earth joining points of equal magnetic variation.

51
Q

A line on the surface of the earth joining points of equal magnetic variation.

52
Q

Agnoic line

A

A line connecting points of zero variation

53
Q

A line connecting points of zero variation

A

Agnoic line

54
Q

Hvordan er formlen for ugregning af hastighed?

A

Distance = Velocity * Time

55
Q

KTS =

56
Q

NM/h =

57
Q

MPH =

58
Q

MACH =

59
Q

Hvad er MACH 2,0 i NM/min?

60
Q

Hvordan er formlen for fuel?

A

Fuel = Flow * Time

61
Q

1 NM i KM

62
Q

Hvad er formlen for Distance?

A

Time*Speed (Velocity)

63
Q

Hvad er formlen for Velocity (speed)?

A

Distance/Time

64
Q

Hvad er definationen på Heading?

A

The direction which the aircraft is pointing.

65
Q

Hvad er definationen på Track?

A

The direction of the aircraft´s path over the ground.

66
Q

Hvad er WCA?

A

Wind Correction Angle
The angular difference between heading and track.

67
Q

Kap.11
Hvornår og hvordan skal obstructions markeres?

A

Obstructions markeres 2NM fra kurslinjen med en rød cirkel m. radius på 1NM.

68
Q

Kap. 11
Hvilken fart planlægges navruterne på EK med?

A

Indikeret flyvefart på 100kts.

69
Q

Kap. 11
Hvordan udregnes flyvehøjden?

A

Højeste TN-genstand indenfor 2NM af kurslinjen rundet op til nærmeste 50’ + 500’ AGL.

70
Q

Kap. 11
Hvordan udregnes MSA?

A

Minimum Safe Altitude
1. Højeste TN-genstand indenfor 10NM af kurslinjen rundet op til nærmeste 100’ + 400’ AGL.

  1. Højeste menneskeskabte hindring indenfor 10NM af kurslinjen rundet op til nærmeste 100’ + 100’.

Der flyves efter “Worst Case”!!!!

71
Q

Kap. 11
Hvordan udregnes RAA?

A

Route Abort Altitude
Udregnes som MSA ved at afsøge det område der flyves i efter den højeste TN-genstand el. menneskeskabte genstand, således at man på hvilket som helst sted på ruten skal kunne afbryde denne og stige til sikker højde.

72
Q

Hvad er Continuation fuel?

A

Den mindste mængde brændstof som behøves fra det pågældende punkt, for at kunne fortsætte turen som planlagt, og lande med 12 gallons.

73
Q

Hvad er Expected fuel?

A

Den mængde brændstof som forventes at være tilbage i tankene på det pågældende punkt.

74
Q

Hvad er BINGO fuel?

A

Mindste brændstofmængde der kræves for at kunne flyve direkte hjem og lande med 12 gallons fra det fjerneste TP.

75
Q

Kap. 11
Beskriv opmærksomhedsfordelingen i % når du flyver navigation.
- Udenfor cockpittet
- Kortlæsning
- Instrumenter

A

Udenfor cockpittet: 70%
Kortlæsning: 20%
Instrumenter: 10%

76
Q

Kap. 11
Hvad er de to map readings teknikker?

A
  1. Stor, mellem, lille
  2. Clock, map, ground
77
Q

Kap. 11
Beskriv de 5TF check

A

Time
Turn
Track
Threats
Talk
Fuel

78
Q

Kap. 11
Beskriv de 3 vigtigste navigationsprincipper.

A

Clock
Map
Ground

79
Q

Hvad er minimum flyvehøjden over byer?

A

1000’ AGL

80
Q

Hvad er formålet med at flyve med flaps, når du flyver navigations ruter?

A

Du kan sænke hastigheden og få bedre udsyn.

81
Q

Kap. 11
Hvad står de fire C’er for?
Huskeregel for “lost procedure”

A

Climb
Confess
Conserve - (Flyv LF80 mens du danner dig et overblik over situationen, for at mindske fuel forbruget)
Communicate

82
Q

Kap.
Hvad er de tre muligheder for at håndtere dårligt vejr?

A
  1. Circum-navigate vejrfænomenet(navigere udenom)
  2. 180 turn og back track ruten
  3. Climb til 2500’ MSL og få FIR clearance
83
Q

Kap. 13
Flyvekortet har 3 basis karakteristika, hvilke?

A
  1. Relief (terræn)
  2. Other features
  3. Scale
84
Q

Kap. 13
Hvad dækker ordet relief? nævn 4 ting

A
  1. Contours
  2. Layer tinting
  3. Spot elevation
  4. MEF og MSA figures
85
Q

Kap. 13
Hvor høj kan en mast være uden at fremgå på kortet?

A

327 ft og under

86
Q

Kap. 13
Hvad står MEF for?

A

Maximum Elevation Feature

87
Q

Kap. 13
Hvordan udregnes MEF?

A

MEF udregnes ved at finde:
1. Den højeste menneskeskabte genstand.
2. Den højeste TN-genstand + 300’.

Den højeste af de to vælges og rundes op til nærmeste 100’.

88
Q

Kap. 13
Hvordan udregnes MSA?

A

Hvis højere end 5000’, tilføjes 2000’.
Hvis lavere end 5000’, tilføjes 1000’.

89
Q

Kap. 13
Er MEF en safety altitude?

90
Q

Nævn 3 måder at angive scale på

A
  1. Statement in words
  2. Representative fraction
  3. Gratuated scale line
91
Q

Hvad er departure?

A

Departure is the distance between two meridians along a specified parallel of latitude.

92
Q

Hvad er definationen for scale?

A

The relationship between the lenght of a line drawn between two positions on a chart and the distance on the Earth between the same points.

93
Q

Hvordan kan man udtrykke scale statements in words?

A

1 cm = 20 km

94
Q

Hvad er formlen for Scale?

A

Chart Length/Earth Distance

95
Q

Må en Representative Fraction laves med kommatal?

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