nausea, vomitting and motion sickness Flashcards
symptoms of nausea and vomiting
- feeling sick
- abdominal cramps
- abdominal pain
- loss of liquid
- dehydration
- dry mouth, lips
- dizziness, light headed es
- low urine output
what’s the difference between acute and persistent nausea and vomiting
acute
-less han 24 and 48 hrs
- due to gastric infection, food posing and are self limiting
- doesnt usually need any intervention
- refer if the vomit is. bloody or its a baby or young child or dehydration is the problem
persistent
- last more than 48 hrs
- it can have the same causes of acute nausea and
possible causes of nausea and vomiting
- GASTROENTERITIS
- FOOD POISING
- ALCOHOL
- PREGNANCY
- MIGRAINE
- MOTION SICKNESS
- MEDICINES
- EATING DISORDERS
- UTIS
- INNER EAR PROBLEMS - vestibular neuritis, labyrinthitis and ménière’s disease
what are some stomach problems that can cause nausea
- GORD - acid reflux
- stomach ulcers - seen in severe liver disease and gastric cancer
- GASTROPARESIS - delayed stomach emptying
- PYLORIC STENOSIS (in a babies)
what are some metabolic conditions which cause vomiting
- diabetes
- addisons disease
- hypercalcaemia - high calcium levels
what are some medications which cause nausea nr vomiting
- chemotherapy
- opioid analgesics - codeine, morphine
- antiinflammatories - naproxen
- steroids - prednisolone
- antibiotics - erthromycin
- radiation therapy
- calcium channel blockers - verapamil
- digoxin
- anti - retro viral drugs - zidovudine
medications for nausea otc
- BISMUTH SUBSALICYLATE - aspirin based, do not use in preg, no kids under 16, do patients with KIDNEY/GOUT problems
- PROCHLORPERAZINE MALEATE 3MG - ANTIEMETIC - sold as an OTC medicine for nausea and vomiting associated with migraines, do not give ppl with epilepsy, parkinson’s or glaucoma, liver or blood problems, no preg, no under 18s
pom drugs for nausea and vomiting
- CINNARIZINE, CYCLIZINE, PROMETHAZINE (antihistamines) - these block the histamine h1 receptors in. the areas of the brain which cause nausea
- HYOSCINE - blocks acetylcholine - antimuscarinic or anticcholinergic - good for nausea caused by ear and motion sickness
- CHLORPROMAZINE, HALOPERIDOL, PERPHENAZINE, PROCHLORPERAZINE, LEVOMEPROMAZINE - blocks dopamine
- METOCLOPRAMIDE - directly works on the gut speeds the GIT transmit time - good for nausea associated with gut problems
- DOMPERIDONE - works on the chemoreceptor trigger zone in the brain, speed sup the emptying of type gut- used to be licences for otc till 2014
- DEXAMETHASONE - steriod medication
GRANISETRON, ONDANSETRON, PALONOSETRON - blocks seratonin 5ht in the gut and the brain which cause nausea - good for chemotherapy
- APREPITANT AND FOSAPREPITANT - newer medication, it acts on the neurokinin receptors in th body which case nausea - associated with chemotherapy
- NABILONE - prescribed for peel with chemotherapy
life style advice for nausea. and vomiting
- fresh air
- distract t yourself
- cold drink
- ginger and peppermint tea
-foods with ginger
-eat smaller more frequent meals
alarm signs of nausea and vomiting
- server abdominal pain
- fever - especially in children
- blood, new and old - looks like coffe grounds
- vomiting will not stop
- head injury
- other medical conditions such as a heart, kidney, liver disease and diabetes
- unable to take daily medications
- confusion and extreme weakness
- new or severe headache
-weight loss - vomiting for more than 48 hrs
symptoms of motion sickness
- nausea and vomiting
- pallor
- sweating
- headache
- dizziness
- malaise
- increased salivation
- apathy
- drowsiness
- bleaching
- hyeorventilatng
- stomach awareness
otc medications for motion sickness
- ANTICHOLINERGIC TABLETS - HYOSCINE - available in tablets and patches - taken 30 mins before journey. side effects = dry mouth, drowsiness and blurred vision. not given to anyone with glaucoma or urinary flow problems
- ANTICHOLINERGIC PATCH - adults and children aged over 10, on the skin behind the ear for 5-6 hrs, the patch will last for 3 days - these patches release hyoscine through the skin into the blood stream
- ANTIHISTAMINE DRUGS - not quite as affective as hyoscine - but there are less side effects . for example promethazine or less commonly cyclizine
- ACUPRESSURE - applied to a point on the writs using plastic stud in nan elestaicated writsband
