Nausea and Vommiting Flashcards
Vomiting is coordinated by?
the vomiting centre + chemoreceptor trigger zone in the brain stem
The vomiting center contains?
- muscarinic M1 receptors 2. histamine H1 receptors 3. neurokinin 1 NK1 receptors 4. serotonin 5-HT3 receptors
Which part of the brain triggers vomiting after seeing something repulsive?
cortex
Which part of the brain triggers vomiting during motion sickness?
vestibular apparatus
Which part of the brain triggers vomiting after ingesting a toxin ?
stomach
The drugs which are recommeded for the induction of vomiting in cases of poisoning are?
- apomorphine 2. ipecacuanha syrup
Describe the syrup of ipecac emetic?
Prepared from the root of the ipecacuanha plant
What is its function?
induces emesis
What are the side effects?
- drowsiness, diarrhea and stomahc ache 2. myocardial conduction disturbances
Describe the action?
induces vomiting within 20-30 minutes - The emetic action is increased if 200-300ml water is taken immediately after ingesting the syrup
What is the recommeded dosage?
- adults - 20ml orally followed by 200-300ml water 2. children - 10ml orally followed by 100-150ml water
Describe the action of apomorphine hydrochloride?
- acts directly on the CTZ and induces vomiting within 10 minutes after IM or SC injection 2. More effective if 200 to 300ml water is given by mouth before injection
Emetics are contraindicated in?
unconscious patients
An overdose can cause?
euphoria, excitement, convulsion, violent vomiting, acute circulatory failure and respiratory depression
How can the depressant action be reversed?
administration of a narcotic antagonist like naloxone