Natures Chemistry Flashcards
What are saturated compounds?
Compounds containing only single carbon to carbon bonds.
What are unsaturated compounds?
Compounds containing atleast one carbon to carbon double bond.
Which compounds can undergo addition reactions?
Unsaturated compounds.
How to distinguish an unsaturated compound from a saturated compound?
Bromine solution, unsaturated compounds will quickly decolourise bromine solution
What are isomers?
Compounds with same molecular formula but different structural formulae, may be different homologous series and have different physical properties.
What to consider when considering solubility, boiling point and volatility?
Presence of hydrogen bonding, permanent dipole, molecular size would affect LDF, polarities.
Functional group of alcohols?
hydroxyl, OH
What are primary alcohols?
The OH is attached to a C atom that has atleast two H atoms.
What are secondary alcohols?
The OH is attached to a C atoms that has 1 H atom
What are tertiary alcohols?
The OH is attached to a C atom that is not attached to any H atoms
Alcohols that contain 2 hydroxyl groups are known as?
Diols
Alcohols with 3 OH groups are known as?
Triols
What does the hydroxyl group do to the alcohol?
Makes it polar and gives rise to hydrogen bonding.
Functional group of carboxylic acids?
COOH, carboxyl
Metal oxide + carboxylic acid~>
Salt + water
Metal hydroxide + carboxylic acid~>
Salt + water
Metal carbonate + carboxylic acid~>
Salt + water + CO2
Functional group of ester
Ester link -COO-
Esters are named by:
Names of their parent alcohol and carboxylic acid
Uses of esters?
Flavourings and fragrances.
Are esters non polar or polar
Non polar so no not dissolve in water.
How are esters formed?
A condensation reaction between alcohol and carboxylic acid.
How are edible fats and edible oils are esters formed from what?
A condensation of glue too and three carboxylic acid molecules.
Full name of glycerol?
Propane-1,2,3-triol