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Yr 9 Revision > Nature vs Nurture > Flashcards

Nature vs Nurture Flashcards

1
Q

What is the scientific term for identical twins?

A

Monozygotic Twins

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2
Q

What happens when two sets of genes join up?

A

A fertilised egg is produced.

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3
Q

How are identical (monozygotic) twins formed?

A

Identical twins are formed when one egg is fertilized by one sperm which then splits in two and two babies are formed.

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4
Q

What is the scientific term for non-identical twins?

A

Dizygotic twins.

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5
Q

What do chromosomes carry?

A

Genes.

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6
Q

What does variation mean?

A

Differences in characteristics.

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7
Q

What is the graph called to map animals into groups?

A

Classification graph.

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8
Q

How many chromosomes do humans have in each cell?

A

46 (23 pairs)

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9
Q

What happens to a sperm and egg in fertilization?

A

They join up or fuse developing into an embryo with a mixture of the parents characteristics

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10
Q

Where do you find chromosomes?

A

In the Nucleus of a cell

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11
Q

What are environmental variations?

A

Variation that is caused by lifestyle. (weight, dyed hair colour.)

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12
Q

What is discontinuous variation?

A

Discontinuous variation is data that can only be chosen from a few options.

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13
Q

What are genetic variations?

A

variation that is caused by genes. (natural eye colour, hair colour.)

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14
Q

What is continuous variation?

A

Continuous variation is variation that has no limit on the value. Some examples of continuous variation are : height, weight, eye colour or shoe size.

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15
Q

What is each characteristic controlled by?

A

Genes

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16
Q

Which two cells pass on information from parent to child?

A

Egg cell and Sperm cell

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17
Q

How are dizygotic twins made?

A

Two different eggs, two different sperms.

18
Q

Which organ system produces the sex cells?

A

Reproductive system

19
Q

Why do identical twins have the same characteristics?

A

They come from the same sperm and egg carrying 100% of the same DNA

20
Q

In genetic engineering what are genes cut out from and using what ?

A

Chromosomes using enzymes

21
Q

What is a gene?

A

A gene is a set of chemical instructions.

22
Q

What term is used to describe the deliberate mating of two different breeds?

A

Selective Breeding

23
Q

What causes variation between different breeds of animals?

A

Differentiation of their genes

24
Q

If identical twins grow up together, would they have the same characteristics ? Why?

A

It would all depend on the environment as one could eat a lot while the other eat less. one could dye their hair different colour as the other does the same. One could wear different styles of clothing than the other. All in all it depends on the environment.

25
Q

What is the Dominant gene?

A

The gene that will override the other and decide on the characteristic of the baby.

26
Q

How do identical twins develop different characteristics such as weight and skin colour?

A

This is because these characteristics are Environmental variation.

27
Q

Why do children have characteristics from both parents?

A

Because the genes are passed down in both parent’s sex cells, the sperm and the egg.

28
Q

Why do identical twins have the same characteristics ?

A

This is because they have the same genes.

29
Q

Information is passed from parents to their young in ___ cells?

A

Sex cells

30
Q

Where are genes cut out of in genetic engineering?

A

Chromosomes

31
Q

What is used to cut genes out of chromosomes?

A

Enzymes

32
Q

Which two cells pass on information from parents to their children?

A

Sperm cell and Egg cell

33
Q

How much DNA do non-identical twins share?

How much DNA do identical twins share?

A

50% DNA

100% DNA

34
Q

The first step in the biotechnical process is that a special enzyme is cut from the insulin in what?

A

The cell

35
Q

There are identical twins, their eye colour is the same but their weight is not. Why is this?

A

This is because our eye colour is not affected by our environment however our weight is ; by how much food you eat or exercise you do etc.

36
Q

What is used to cut out the insulin gene in the process of insulin?

A

Special Enzyme

37
Q

Where is the insulin gene cut from in the process of insulin?

A

Chromosomes

38
Q

When is a ring of bacterial DNA cut open for the insulin?

A

In a separate operation, to getting the insulin gene, using a special enzyme.

39
Q

When the insulin gene and ring of bacterial DNA are combined, what does it form?

A

New Plasmid Ring

40
Q

Where is the new plasmid ring inserted?

A

Into a bacterium

Yr 9 Revision (5 decks)

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