Nature's Chemistry

Question 1

addition reaction

Answer 1

a chemical reaction where molecules add across a double bond

Question 2

alcohol

Answer 2

a compound containing an -OH group

Question 3

alkanes

Answer 3

a family of hydrocarbons where all the members are saturated and have the general formula CnH2n+2

Question 4

alkenes

Answer 4

a family of hydrocarbons where all the members are unsaturated, they contain one carbon-to-carbon double bond and have the general formula CnH2n

Question 5

calorimeter

Answer 5

equipment used to measure the energy released in a chemical reaction

Question 6

carboxylic acid

Answer 6

an acidic compound that contains the carboxyl group (-COOH)

Question 7

cycloalkanes

Answer 7

a family of hydrocarbons where all the members are saturated and have the general formula CnH2n

Question 8

endothermic reaction

Answer 8

a reaction in which energy is taken in from the surroundings

Question 9

exothermic reaction

Answer 9

a reaction in which energy is released to the surroundings

Question 10

homologous series

Answer 10

a family of compounds with the same general formula and similar chemical properties that show a gradual change in physical properties.

Question 11

hydration

Answer 11

an addition reaction where water is added across a double bond

Question 12

hydrogenation

Answer 12

an addition reaction where hydrogen is added across a double bond

Question 13

isomers

Answer 13

compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae

Question 14

saturated

Answer 14

a compound that cannot have any more atoms added to it. all the carbon-to-carbon bonds are single.

Question 15

bromine solution

Answer 15

a reagent used to distinguish between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons

Question 16

decolourise

Answer 16

describes what happens to bromine solution when shaken with an unsatured hydrocarbon

Question 17

hydroxyl

Answer 17

the functional group common to alcohols, -OH

Question 18

carboxyl

Answer 18

the functional group common to carboxylic acids, -COOH

Question 19

fuel

Answer 19

a substance that can be burned to release energy

Question 20

combustion

Answer 20

the reaction of a substance with oxygen, releasing energy

Question 21

complete combustion

Answer 21

when a fuel is burned in a plentiful supply of oxygen

Question 22

incomplete combustion

Answer 22

when a fuel is burned in a limited supply of oxygen

Question 23

vinegar

Answer 23

a solution of ethanoic acid, sometimes used in household cleaning products

Question 24

specific heat capacity

Answer 24

the quantity of heat a material can absorb as its temperature increases