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Core Subjects Science > Nature of Science Flashcards > Flashcards

Nature of Science Flashcards

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1
Q

Scientific Law

A

a proven explanation for a phenomenon

Newton’s Laws of Motion

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2
Q

Guiding Questions

A

questions that lead to a deeper understanding by arousing curiosity and interest

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3
Q

Qualitative Data

A

data which is described rather than measured

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4
Q

Scientific Method

A

a series of deliberate steps by which scientists observe, hypothesize, test, analyze data, and communicate results

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5
Q

Control Group

A

a group of specimens in an experiment to which no change is made; does not receive the experimental treatment

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6
Q

Conclusion

A

a summary of the results of an experiment; states whether the initial hypothesis was rejected or supported

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7
Q

Communicate

A

share or exchange information

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8
Q

Elaborate (5E Model)

A

Fourth phase of 5E model. students extend their thinking and practice new skills.

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9
Q

Organization

A

students store new information and relate it to what they already know and understand about the world

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10
Q

Gregor Mendel

A

A biologist credited as the father of modern genetics. He worked with pea plants and observed consistent ratios in specific crosses, leading to his terming of dominant and recessive genes.

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11
Q

Peer Review

A

the process of fact-checking by other experts in the same field; ensures the quality of published work

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12
Q

Explore (5E Model)

A

Second phase of 5E model. students work with the material, developing their knowledge, and usually actively manipulating materials or interactive content.

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13
Q

Dependent Variable

A

a variable that is measured by the scientist conducting the experiment

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14
Q

Controlled Variable

A

a variable that is kept stable throughout the experiment, across control and experimental groups, to ensure that any difference in the dependent variable is because of the independent variable.

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15
Q

Experimental Investigation

A

Researchers assign subjects in the sample to certain treatments, then observe the effects of the treatment. Can show causation (cause and effect).

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16
Q

Galileo Galilei

A

Improved the telescope and used it to prove Copernicus’ heliocentric theory.

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17
Q

Accommodation

A

occurs when existing schemas cannot be applied to new objects or situations, and must therefore be adapted and revised

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18
Q

Independent Variable

A

a variable that is manipulated by the scientist conducting the experiment to see if that causes a change

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19
Q

Predict

A

say or estimate that an event will occur in the future

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20
Q

Experimental Group

A

a group of specimens in an experiment to which a change is made; receives the experimental treatment

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21
Q

Hypothesis

A

an informed prediction (made based on previous observations) for a phenomena. Should be testable.

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22
Q

Variables

A

factors affecting the outcome of an experimental investigation

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23
Q

Inquiry-Based Activities

A

activities that allow students to participate in the scientific method with little guidance from the teacher

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24
Q

Observation

A

information gathered using the five senses

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25
Q

Dmitri Mendeleev

A

A chemist (1834-1907) who published the first periodic table with elements arranged by mass

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26
Q

Activate Prior Knowledge

A

helping students remember what they already know about the topic

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27
Q

Classify

A

arrange in groups according to shared qualities or characteristics

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28
Q

Feedback Loop

A

a series of experiments in which the results lead to more possible hypotheses and subsequently more testing

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29
Q

Discrepant Events

A

events with unexpected outcomes

30
Q

Assimilation

A

A process in which existing schemas are applied to new objects or situations

31
Q

Explain (5E Model)

A

Third phase of 5E model. students explain what they know and verbalize their understanding. Teachers use this phase to formally define terms and explain processes.

32
Q

Questioning Strategies

A

techniques used to ask questions in a way that requires students to use the thinking that the teacher is trying to develop

33
Q

Quantitative Data

A

data which is measured and usually expressed numerically

34
Q

Charles Darwin

A

an English naturalist who developed the idea of natural selection and theory of evolution; these ideas were published in the book On the Origin of Species

35
Q

Scaffolding

A

a method of teaching that involves gradually removing aids when teaching new concepts

36
Q

Scientific Theory

A

a proposed explanation for a phenomenon which may not be testable

Darwin’s Theory of evolution

37
Q

Evaluate (5E Model)

A

Final (fifth) phase of 5E model. students are assessed on their understanding and teachers evaluate learning to inform their next lesson.

38
Q

Inference

A

a conclusion based on evidence, observation, and reasoning

39
Q

Scientific Knowledge

A

scientific fact discovered using the scientific method

40
Q

Disequilibrium

A

occurs when a child cannot use existing schemas to comprehend new information

41
Q

Measure

A

using an instrument/device to determine the size, amount, or degree of (something)

42
Q

Engage (5E Model)

A

First phase of 5E model. students become mentally engaged, make connections to previous learning, and think about their own learning outcomes.

43
Q

Data

A

measurements and observations recorded during an experiment

44
Q

Heliocentricity

A

The accepted astronomical model that the sun is at the center of our solar system. The theory was put forth by Copernicus in 1543 and expanded upon by Galileo in 1632.

45
Q

Risk Assessment

A

the process by which scientists analyze potential risks and benefits before conducting scientific investigations and experiments

46
Q

Fossil Fuels

A

a natural non-renewable fuel source. derived from underground, fossilized (petrified) remains of living organisms.

47
Q

Global Warming / Climate Change

A

an overall increase in average global temperatures due to the greenhouse effect (the increasing amount of carbon dioxide in Earth’s atmosphere trapping more heat)

48
Q

Non-Renewable Resources

A

resources which will be depleted faster than they can be replenished

49
Q

Renewable Resources

A

resources which replenish at the same (or faster) rate than the rate at which they are used

50
Q

Negative Feedback

A

a type of input into a system in which the result causes the system to return closer to previous conditions

51
Q

Function

A

the job or purpose of an object or part of a system

52
Q

Physical Models

A

a smaller or larger replica of an object done to scale

53
Q

Dynamic

A

Property of a system to constantly change in response to a stimulus

54
Q

Evolution

A

The gradual change in populations over time

55
Q

Boundaries

A

limits that define what is, and what is not, part of the system under study

56
Q

Models

A

physical, mathematical, or visual representations of scientific phenomena

57
Q

Form

A

the shape of an object or part of a system

58
Q

System Model

A

a conceptual model of all of the parts of a system, including planning, goals, analysis, solution, testing, implementation, and evaluation

59
Q

Output

A

a result of input into a system

human shivering to increase temperature when it is cold

60
Q

Equilibrium (of a System)

A

A system in balance; no forces acting on objects within the system

61
Q

System

A

The set of objects under study. Everything else is the environment.

living organism, solar system

62
Q

Evidence

A

data gathered in the course of scientific investigation, including measurements taken and observations made using the five senses

63
Q

Subsystem

A

part of a system; generally focuses on one parameter of a system

64
Q

Mathematical Models

A

models that use mathematical formulas, variables, and language to refer to relationships and processes in a system

65
Q

Feedback Loop (in Systems)

A

the part of a system in which some (or all) of the system’s output is used as input for future operations

66
Q

Natural Phenomena

A

natural events produced by natural forces which cause noticeable changes to the earth’s surface

67
Q

Conceptual Models

A

a representation of a system using diagrams or drawings to explain complex or abstract systems or processes

68
Q

Input

A

something put into a system that causes change

69
Q

The Metric System

A

a standard system of measurement based on powers of 10.

70
Q

Positive Feedback

A

a type of input into a system in which the result causes the system to continue on the path in which it was headed before the input

Core Subjects Science (4 decks)

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