Nature of Pop Culture Flashcards
According to __ the problem with defining Popular Culture roots from the construction of the term itself.
Valdivia (2009),
is a culture that is extensively favored by many peopl
popular culture
tends to reflect the interests of wide audiences or to intentionally target their preferences
pop culture
is a fusion of ideas, things, actions, and circumstances that may effect changes in the belief, personality, and preference os an individual
popular culture
is a prevalent and well-known culture in most people that dictates what will be the trend for a certain period of time
popular culture
is residue of the high culture therefore, highlighting it as the culture of the masses, particularly the working class
popular culture
is a culture influenced by mass consumption and commercialization
popular cuture
offers an escape to ordinary people by providing amusement to survive everyday life
popular culture
has a didactic orientation or tendency to uplift morality
popular culture
considered by some scholars to be a medium for americanization
popular culture
is the set of practices, beliefs, and objects that embody
the most broadly shared meanings of a social system. It
includes media objects, entertainment and
advertisements, fashion and trends, and linguistic
conventions, among other things.
is the set of practices, beliefs, and objects that embody
the most broadly shared meanings of a social system. It
includes media objects, entertainment and
advertisements, fashion and trends, and linguistic
conventions, among other things.
popular culture
✓The association of popular culture with ______
leads to a focus on the position of popular culture
within a capitalist mode of economic production.
mass culture
Propagated through media/technical means only
Popular culture or Mass culture:
The common denominator with popular culture is
its wide audiences
Its main function is to cater business matters to
reach out to potential consumers
Popular culture or Mass culture:
Characteristics of Pop Culture
According to Williams (as cited by Storey, 2018)
well-liked by people
*inferior kinds of work
*deliberately intended to win the favor of the people
*made by the people for themselves
Characteristics of Pop Culture
According to Tolentino (2004)
*made to be commercialized
*transgressive in its categories
*disseminated with the use of technology
societal function of popular culture
-expression/ conveyance of feelings
-simplification
-mechanism to cope with hardships of everyday life
-lessons and realizations in life
-entertainment
acc to reyes, popular culture’s most common function is to
entertain
has high standards in quality and complexity in the artistic sense
high culture
influenced by the ruling class and the elites
high culture
requires refined taste in distinction of elements and technique and needs a demonstration of sophistication
high culture
culture that is screened by experts and authoritative institutions
high culture
exclusive to some audiences (ruling class, elites) and oftentimes bit accessible to common people
high culture
is not formulated for mass consumption and commercialization and is produced for art’s sake or the taste of the upper class
high culture
tones down its standards to meet the tastes and level of understanding of people
popular culture
aimed for people of all classes
popular culture
accessible to all kinds of people most of the time
popular culture
focuses on the notion that i is made for the people, meaning it aims to reach as many audiences as possible
popular culture
has the tendency to be commercialized and may be altered for that purpose
popular culture
has the power to unite people of all kinds
popular culture
makes people be more tolerant and accepting to various perspectives and relative opinions
popular culture
has the ability to shape, reinforce, or change the norms
popular culture
helps both businessmen and consumers and boosts the economy
popular culture
has the power to spread awareness and enact change
popular culture
makes way for innovation, be it technological or social
popular culture
refers to a culture traditionally practiced by a small,
homogeneous, rural group living in relative to other groups.
FOLK CULTURE / Traditional Culture
folk culture is Historically, handed down through
oral tradition,
it demonstrates the “old ways” over novelty and relates to a sense of community.
Folk culture
is quite often imbued with a sense of place.
Folk culture
are the beliefs and
traditions, within a group that preserves its language, and
the social order and ways of interpreting the world.
Folk culture and folk customs
They are the accumulated mores and way of life (tales) and
learning of particular peoples
folk culture and folk customs
Folk is derived from a ____ noun “______” which means
“_____”
Germanic, folka, people
means all traditions about a particular subject that have been
accumulated over time through experience
Lore
is stories, music, dances, lessons, and customs that
contain the traditions of a particular group.
Folklore
ss the traditional art, literature, knowledge, and practice that
are circulated largely through oral communication and behavioral
archetypes
Folklore
Most societies with a sense of themselves have
possession of a _______, and a central part of that identity has
to do with folk traditions, the things that people traditionally believe
_______, _______, know ______, make ______,
and say _______
shared identity,
(planting practices, family traditions)
(dance, making music, sew clothing)
(how to build an irrigation dam)
(art and craft)
(personal experience stories, riddles, song lyrics)
a traditional story, especially one concerning the early history of a people or explaining some natural or social phenomenon, and typically involving supernatural beings or events.
MYTH
these memorable short stories often involve magic and legendary deeds.
The fantastical characters found in a fairy tale include elves, fairies, witches, and dragons.
FAIRYTALES
are traditional stories told and retold through generations that are usually spun from folklore
Fairy tales
is a genre of folklore that consists of a narrative featuring human actions, believed or perceived, both by teller and listeners, to have taken place in human history. Narratives in this genre may demonstrate human values, and possess certain qualities
LEGENDS
a short story, typically with animals as characters, conveying a moral.
FABLES
is a cultural art form handed down from one
generation to another. It communicates the customs, beliefs and
occupations of the people of a region or country.
Folk dance
are the indigenous dances of any specific “folk” or
the common people.
Folk dances
They are traditional customary or
recreational dance forms of a given country that have evolved
naturally and were handed down across generations
Folk dances
are related to everything of importance in our daily
lives such as customs, rituals, and occupations of a specific
group of people.
Folk dances
are related to everything of importance in our daily
lives such as customs, rituals, and occupations of a specific
group of people.
Folk dances
Most of these dances are related in origin to religious beliefs, stemming from emotions, superstitions, festivals, ceremonies of birth, courtship, marriage,
death, war, and countless themes common to all people around
the world.
folk dances
a philippine folkdance that originated in leyte
tinkling
a cultural dance in the philippines that originated in surigao del sur
itik-itik
folk dance that originated in binan, laguna
maglalatik
folk dance hat originated in bicol
pantomina
folk dance that originated in panay island
carinosa
a source of entertainment and a good healthy lifestyle
dance
offer people a chance to exhibit their rich culture and pay homage to the history and patron saint.
Festivals in the Philippines
They are vibrant, big, and celebrated with a lot of pomp and show.
philippine festivals
A religious festival in the
Philippines celebrated in Cebu every January.
Sinulog Festival of Cebu City
The word
“sinulog” means “_____,” and is actually the
name of the step that the dancers perform to honor Cebu’s
patron saint –
like the water current, Sto. Niño
Dinagyang is a _____ word that means “_____.”
Hiligaynon, merrymaking
is one of the religious festivals in the Philippines that celebrates the feast of Santo Niño and the pact between the Datus and locals in Iloilo City held every 4th Sunday of January
Dinagyang og ilo-ilo
One-of-a-kind festival in the Philippines held in Aklan. Similar to Cebu’s Sinulog Festival, this event is celebrated to honor Santo Niño.
Ati-atihan festival of kalibo, aklan
The locals masquerading as Negritos in colorful costumes, dancing, and chanting “Hala Bira!” This is considered to be one of the best festivals in the Philippines. This religious festivity is also one of the oldest Philippine celebrations
ati-atihan festival of kalibo, aklan
MassKara is derived from the words “mass” meaning “___” and “kara” meaning “____,” thus, calling it the _____
many, faces, Festival of Many Faces.
Many tourists visit Bacolod in October to witness this grand Filipino cultural festival. Being known as the City of Smiles, Bacolod parades many smiling masks worn by the locals during this festival in the Philippines
masskara festival of bacolod
Kadayawan is a native expressison in the ___ tongue. It’s derived
from the word “_____” which means
Dabawnon, madayaw, (good, valuable and superior)
Dabaweños celebrate the annual festival as a
thanksgiving festival and a tribute to its indigenous people held
every 3rd week of August
kadayawan festival
Panagbenga is a local ______ term in Cordillera which means “______”.
Kankana-ey, a season for blossoming
This festival features giant floats in different characters made of flowers and become one of the most famous flower festival in the Philippines.
Panagbenga Festival of baguio
One of the most unique festivals in the Philippines where you’ll see crispy pork lechon dressed in fun character outfits.
lechon festival of batangas city
It is known also as Parada ng Lechon (Parades of Lechon) held every 24th of June in honor of St. John the Baptist.
lechon festival of batangas
is a way to promote and preserve South Cotabato’s cultural heritage. It is an annual celebration that commemorates the Foundation Anniversary of South Cotabato.
T’Nalak Festival in south cotabato
This non-religious festival has two primary objectives: first is to celebrate the founding anniversary of the province, and the second is to honor the rich cultural heritage of T’nalak
T’nalak Festival
is one of the most colorful and vibrant festivals in the Philippines.
Pahiyas Festival of lucban. quezon
You can trace Festival history way back in the 15th century. Farmers
then used to offer their harvests at the foot of Mount Banahaw.
pahiyas festival of lucan, quezon
are reflections of a community’s identity and culture. It connects generations as these are passed on from one to
the next.
Folk songs
As the name suggests,____ are the music of the people. The lyrics and rhythms of these songs mirror the life and culture of its people
folk songs
The song is about a house made of bamboo with a roof of nipa leaves, surrounded by different kinds of vegetables, and is usually sang by Filipino school children and as familiar as the ABCs and Twinkle Twinkle Little Star from the west.
Bahay Kubo (nipa hut)
This classic song was composed by Felipe De Leon
which shares the difficulties of the life of a farmer, how one has to bend
over the entire day, with no time to sit and no time to stand. From there,
it goes on to summon the listener to join in, to keep the industrious
spirit alive, and to continue the hard work in the hopes of securing a
brighter future. Wonderful how the song reflects the positive, hopeful
mentality of the Filipino
Magtanim ay Di Biro (planting rice is not a joke)
, is a humorous
song about the likeness of a field butterfly to a 1900 Filipino lady
dressed in her glamorous formal dress with tall butterfly sleeves
She struts swaying her hips down the aisle of the church as
everyone looks on. The Filipino choral arrangements that George
Hernandez has written are some of the most popular in the Pavane
catalog
Paru-parong Bukid, (The Field Butterfly)
is traditionally a work song, representing those who work in the fields harvesting
fruits, though the origin is unclear due to the lack of scholarly
literature that examines Philippine folk music. Because of its catchy
tune, it is often presented as a children’s song, though some parts
of the text may have been meant for a more mature audience.
Some sources also refer to it as a courtship song.
Leron, Leron Sinta, (My Dear, Little Leron),
has a cheerful tune, but when you dig into the lyrics, it describes a
flirtatious woman threatening the store owner that ants are going to
get him if he is not going to extend credit . When you go further, the
third and fourth verses tell us that the speaker has a child and is
willing to exchange the child with a doll and a fishy paste. It is said
to have originated during the country’s Spanish colonization, as its
lyrics suggest the ordinary life during that time
Sitsiritsit Alibangbang, (Hey, hey, Butterfly)
The collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the members
of one group of people from other
Geert Hofstede
“The way in which a
group of people
solves problems.
Fons
Trompenaars
A pattern of shared basic
assumptions that the group
learned as it solved its
problems of external
adaptation and internal
integration.
Edgar Schein
iceberg model of culture
surface culture - doing
deep culture - thinking, feeling
things that we can see, hear, and touch like music, literature, arts, dances, games and language
surface culture
communication styles and rules, notions of manners, concepts of freedom, aptitudes toward relationships, and values
thinking
key characteristics of culture:
learned
shared by a group of people
dynamic
systemic
symbolic
The first essential characteristic of culture
learned
culture Can be learned directly
➢Through observation
➢Through experience
➢Through watching (docus) and reading books
An individual’s patterns of thinking, feeling,
and potential acting that have been learned
throughout his or her lifetime
learned
Referred to as soft wares of the mind and
mental models
learned
People of the same community share:
➢values, beliefs, and traditions
➢literature and history
➢language and mannerisms, and the way
they communicate
➢certain personality traits
➢their roles in the family and society
➢their occupations and lifestyles
Culture is fluid rather than static
dynamic
Culture changes all the time
dynamic
Systems are interrelated,
interconnected parts that create a
whole.
systemic
There are patterns of behaviour, deeply
rooted in structural systems.
systemic
Humans create meaning between
symbols and what they represent
symbolic
are both verbal and
nonverbal in form within cultural
systems, and they have a unique
way of linking human beings to each
other
Symbols
Meaning attached to symbols is
arbitrary
determines the nature of people
culture
based on ideas, meaning, beliefs, values
cultural determinism
culture determines the nature of people
cultural determinism
there is no limit of the abilities of people, hence proper cultural inputs can positively program the behavior of people and make them true performer
cultural determinism
believes that human behaviour is influenced by cultural factors rather than biological
cultural determinism
this theory argues that culture is relative but not same
cultural relativism
different cultural groups think, feel, and act diferently
cultural relativism
differences may naturally exist among groups and societies
cultural relativism
this is important for cross cultural negotiation, it helps in understanding the reasons for differences
cultura relativism
is the idea that a peson’s beliefs and practices should be understood based on that person’s own culture
cultural relativism
is the idea that a peson’s beliefs and practices should be understood based on that person’s own culture
cultural relativism
It leads to negative judgements of the
behaviors, groups or societies.
Cultural ethnocentrism
✓It is a typical syndrome of distortion of
one’s own culture , and a bad way of
thinking of others as inferior to one’s own
culture
Cultural ethnocentrism
✓It ignores the cause and effect relationship
in cross cultural environment
Cultural ethnocentrism
It can create loyalty among the same social
group or people in the same society.
Cultural ethnocentrism
basic elements of culture
language
norms
beliefs
symbols
values
cognitive elements
is a medium or an instrument that is
used to express one’s view and to keep forward one’s
opinion.
Language
This decides the rules and regulations of
society
norms
It is a structured system of communication
language
are norms of morality, or right and wrong, and if you break one it is
often considered offensive to most people of culture.
Mores
“folkways“ often refers as
“customs”.
who coined the term, “folkways”
American sociologist William
Graham Sumner
are social conventions that are not considered to be of moral
significance by members of the group but can be
important for social acceptance
“folkways”
are a principle,
propositions, ideas, convictions, and religious faith that
are accepted as true or good.
beliefs
Before the creation of any culture by society,
society decides their source of motivation, which they
considered appropriate.
beliefs
is something that is used for representation,
like a language, sign, numbers, figures, actions, marks,
clothing, food, arts, and pieces of literature.
symbols
are the moral principles and beliefs or accepted standards
of a person or social group.
Values
___ of some materials,
sometimes, are received and taught by parents to their
children.
Value
are that element
of culture that deals with the management of difficult times or
natural calamities.
Cognitive elements
of culture are
those through which an individual learns how to cope with an
existing situation whether natural or social.
Cognitive elements
of culture are
those through which an individual learns how to cope with an
existing situation whether natural or social.
Cognitive elements
These qualities are learned by children and taught, to them, by their parents, so
that their son/daughter can live with peace in a particular
situation.
cognitive elements
cognitive elements of culture are
processes of
perceiving, recognizing, conceptualizing, learning, reasoning,
and problem-solving.
