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Psychology: Issues + Debates > Nature-Nurture > Flashcards

Nature-Nurture Flashcards

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1
Q

What is nature-nurture debate?

A

The argument as to whether a person’s development is main,y due to their genes or environmental factors.

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2
Q

What is nature?

A

When behaviour is the product of innate factors.

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3
Q

What is nurture?

A

When behaviour is the product of environmental influences.

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4
Q

What is the environment?

A

Everything that is outside the body.

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5
Q

Give 3 examples of the environment?

A

People, events and the physical world.

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6
Q

What is heredity?

A

The process by which traits are passed from parents to offspring.

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7
Q

What is the interactionist approach?

A

The view that the processes of nature and nurture work together rather than in opposition.

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8
Q

What 2 explanations does the influence of nature refer to?

A

Genetic and evolutionary

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9
Q

What is an example of nature?

A

Twin studies concordance rates (genetic) and Bowlby’s monotropic attachment theory being adaptive (evolutionary).

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10
Q

What 2 explanations does the influence of nurture refer to?

A

Behaviourism and SLT.

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11
Q

What are examples of nurture?

A

Classical and operant conditioning - they explain behaviour only by stimulus response links

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12
Q

What is the MZ twin concordance rate for schizophrenia?

A

40%

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13
Q

What is the DZ twin concordance rate for schizophrenia?

A

7%

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14
Q

What schizophrenic theory lies on the nurture end of the debate?

A

Double bind theory

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15
Q

What are the 4 AO3 points for the nature-nurture debate?

A

1) Nature = nurture cannot be separated
2) Alternative explanation
3) Nurture affects nature
4) Epigenetics

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16
Q

What analogy has been given to the attempts to separate nature from nurture?

A

It is like asking whether width or length is more important when calculating the area of a triangle

17
Q

What inherited disorder is affected by both nature and nurture?

A

PKU

18
Q

What is PKU?

A

An inherited disorder that prevents the amino acid phenylalanine from being metabolised

19
Q

If PKU is detected at birth, how can the effects be minimised?

A

Placed on a diet devoid of phenylalanine

20
Q

How does PKU suggest that nature and nurture aren’t entirely separate?

A

As if the inherited disease can be treated via environmental manipulation, is the condition due to nature or nurture

21
Q

What is the alternative explanation to nature-nurture?

A

Diathesis stress model

22
Q

What is a diathesis?

A

A biological vulnerability

23
Q

Why don’t all people with predisposing genes develop the disorder?

A

As expression of the gene is dependent on environmental stressors

24
Q

Give an example of how nurture affects nature.

A

Neural plasticity

25
Q

Whose research supports the concept of nurture affecting nature?

A

Maguire’s

26
Q

How does Maguire’s research support the concept on nurture affecting nature?

A

The taxi drivers’ posterior hippocampi (responsible for spatial memory) were bigger than the controls’

27
Q

In the animal study that provides support for nurture affecting nature, what animals were studied?

A

Kittens

28
Q

In the animal study that provides support for nurture affecting nature, what were placed on the kittens?

A

Large collars restricting what they could see

29
Q

In the animal study that provides support for nurture affecting nature, where were the kittens raised?

A

In a drum with only horizontal or vertical stripes

30
Q

In the animal study that provides support for nurture affecting nature, what was observed when the kittens were removed from their drums?

A

They were unable to see the lines of opposite orientation

31
Q

What is epigenetics?

A

When different materials in our cells can switch genes ‘on’ and ‘off’

32
Q

What controls epigenetics?

A

Life experiences such as diet and stress

33
Q

How can epigenetics explain why cloning doesn’t always work?

A

Epigenetic material is inherited from the donor egg cell

Psychology: Issues + Debates (7 decks)

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